代谢
通过延长酶(ELOVL5)介导的延长作用,伽玛伦酸迅速转化为二同源伽玛亚麻酸(DGLA),后者通过COX-1或COX-2酶活性进一步环氧化为前列腺素E1(PGE1),具体取决于细胞类型。PGE1可能被代谢为较小的前列腺素残留物,主要是二羧酸,这些物质通过肾脏排泄。DGLA可以通过15-脂氧合酶转化为15-(S)-羟基-8,11,13-二十碳三烯酸(15-HETrE)。尽管与ELOVL5相比,酶途径在大多数细胞中不太占主导地位,但DGLA也可以通过delta-5-脱氢酶活性转化为花生四烯酸(AA),其中氢原子被选择性地移除以形成新的双键F27]。花生四烯酸是前列腺素E2、血栓素和白细胞三烯的生物合成的前体,这些物质是强效的炎症介质,在炎症途径中起着重要的作用。
Via elongation mediated by elongase (ELOVL5), gamolenic acid is rapidly converted to dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA), which is further cyclooxygenated to prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) via COX-1 or COX-2 enzymatic activity depending on the cell type. PGE1 may be metabolized to smaller prostaglandin remnants, primarily dicarboxylic acids, which undergo renal excretion. DGLA may be converted to 15-(S)-hydroxy-8,11,13-eicosatrienoic acid (15-HETrE) by 15-lipoxygenase enzyme. Although the enzymatic pathway is less predominant relative to ELOVL5 in most cells, DGLA may also be converted to arachidonic acid (AA) via delta-5-desaturate activity, where hydrogen atoms are selectively removed to create new double bonds F27]. Arachidonic acid is a precursor in the biosynthesis of prostaglandin E2, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes, which are potent inflammatory mediators and play an important role in inflammatory pathways.
来源:DrugBank