曲氟尿苷是一类用于预防和治疗病毒感染的抗病毒药,主要用于疱疹性角膜炎和结膜炎等。现有医学研究表明,以曲氟尿苷为主要活性成分的药物还能够作为一种抗癌的核苷类药物,尤其是在结直肠癌特别是结肠癌患者的早期治疗上。
理化性质三氟胸苷在常温常压下为白色或灰白色固体,能溶解于强极性的有机溶剂如二甲亚砜、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺等。此外,它在水中也具有一定的溶解性,但在低极性的石油醚和乙醚中溶解度较低。
作用与用途曲氟尿苷为抗病毒药,对单纯疱疹病毒有抑制作用,其作用机制可能是抑制某些DNA酶活性或被胸苷激酶磷酸化为单、二、三磷酸化物。其中,单磷酸化物能够嵌入病毒DNA,从而干扰DNA的合成和病毒复制。因该品对细胞毒性较大,选择性较低,现已不再用于全身抗病毒治疗,仅作为局部用药。主要用于疱疹病毒引起的眼部疾病如结膜炎、角膜炎及其他疱疹性眼病,疗效比碘苷好,并常用于阿糖胞苷治疗无效的病人。
用法用量Trifluridine(NSC 529182, NSC 75520)是一种抗疱疹病毒药,主要用于眼部。其作用机制在于抑制DNA合成,并能够在小鼠骨髓细胞和人大肠癌细胞移植的裸鼠中剂量依赖性地抑制增殖。
制备方法以三氟尿嘧啶为起始原料,采用六甲基硅胺氮烷保护后再与1-氯-2-脱氧-3,5-二-O-对氯苯甲酰基-D-核糖对接。随后脱去保护基得到曲氟胸苷,收率60%。
在小鼠中逐渐积累在肿瘤细胞的DNA中,并显著延缓肿瘤生长并延长生存期。相比5-FU衍生物治疗,具有更为显著的效果。
Trifluridine剂量依赖性地抑制了小鼠骨髓细胞和人大肠癌细胞移植裸鼠的增殖,并且与2'-脱氧-5-氟尿苷(FdUrd)相比,在掺入DNA中显示出更高的效率。在小鼠模型中,Trifluridine显著增加抗肿瘤活性。
体内研究Trifluridine在受感染兔子中的应用表明其能显著减少拭子的数量,并在小鼠中逐渐积累于肿瘤细胞的DNA中,有效延缓了肿瘤生长并延长了生存期。此外,在新西兰兔眼模型中,Trifluridine能够显著降低病毒滴度和炎症反应。
用途曲氟尿苷是一种广谱抗病毒药物,对单纯疱疹病毒、腺病毒、带状疱疹病毒等有抑制作用,并且对HSV-I, HSV-II,CMV及某些腺病毒具有抑制效果。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 分子量 |
---|---|---|---|---|
beta-胸苷 | thymidine | 146183-25-7 | C10H14N2O5 | 242.232 |
—— | 5-trifluoromethyl-2′-deoxyuridine-3′,5′-diacetate | 65499-42-5 | C14H15F3N2O7 | 380.278 |
—— | (2R,3S,5R)-5-(2,4-dioxo-5-(trifluoromethyl)-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)-2-(((4-methylbenzoyl)oxy)methyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-yl-4-methylbenzoate | 7057-46-7 | C26H23F3N2O7 | 532.473 |
—— | 1-<3,5-bis-O-(p-chlorobenzoyl)-2-deoxy-β-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl>-5-trifluoromethyluracil | 129664-47-7 | C24H17Cl2F3N2O7 | 573.309 |
2-脱氧尿苷 | 2'-Deoxyuridine | 951-78-0 | C9H12N2O5 | 228.205 |
二乙酰基-2'脱氧尿苷 | 3',5'-di-O-acetyl-2'-deoxyuridine | 13030-62-1 | C13H16N2O7 | 312.279 |
碘苷 | 5-Iodo-2'-deoxyuridine | 54-42-2 | C9H11IN2O5 | 354.101 |
3',5'-双乙酰基-5-碘-脱氧尿苷 | 3',5'-O-diacetyl-5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine | 1956-30-5 | C13H15IN2O7 | 438.176 |
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 分子量 |
---|---|---|---|---|
—— | 2',3'-dideoxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)uridine | —— | C10H11F3N2O4 | 280.204 |
—— | 5'-O-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-2'-deoxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)uridine | 127978-84-1 | C16H25F3N2O5Si | 410.466 |
—— | Butyric acid (2R,3S,5R)-2-butyryloxymethyl-5-(2,4-dioxo-5-trifluoromethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrimidin-1-yl)-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl ester | 89143-00-0 | C18H23F3N2O7 | 436.385 |
—— | 5-trifluoromethyl-3'-fluoro-2',3'-dideoxyuridine | —— | C10H10F4N2O4 | 298.194 |
—— | 5-cyano-2'-deoxyuridine | 26639-00-9 | C10H11N3O5 | 253.214 |
—— | 3'-O-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-5-trifluoromethyl-2'-deoxyuridine | —— | C16H25F3N2O5Si | 410.466 |
—— | 3-n-heptanoyloxymethyl-2'-deoxy-5-trifluoromethyluridine | 161632-25-3 | C18H25F3N2O7 | 438.401 |
—— | 4-Methyl-benzoic acid (2R,3S,5R)-5-(2,4-dioxo-5-trifluoromethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrimidin-1-yl)-3-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-ylmethyl ester | 99502-67-7 | C18H17F3N2O6 | 414.338 |
—— | 1-[(2R,4S,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-(trityloxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine-2,4-dione | 23186-41-6 | C29H25F3N2O5 | 538.523 |
—— | 1-(5-O-trityl-2-deoxy-β-D-lyxofuranosyl)-5-trifluoromethyluracil | 1251063-85-0 | C29H25F3N2O5 | 538.523 |
TAS-102杂质 | 5-carboxy-2'-deoxyuridine | 14599-46-3 | C10H12N2O7 | 272.214 |
—— | 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)uridine | 87190-84-9 | C10H10F3N5O4 | 321.216 |
—— | (2R,3S,5R)-5-(2,4-dioxo-5-(trifluoromethyl)-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)-2-(((4-methylbenzoyl)oxy)methyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-yl-4-methylbenzoate | 7057-46-7 | C26H23F3N2O7 | 532.473 |
—— | 5-carboxyethyl-2'-deoxyuridine | 180728-31-8 | C12H16N2O7 | 300.268 |
—— | N3-benzyl-2'-deoxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)uridine | 117069-24-6 | C17H17F3N2O5 | 386.328 |
—— | 1-((2R,4S,5R)-5-Hydroxymethyl-4-phenylsulfanyl-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-5-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrimidine-2,4-dione | 144989-73-1 | C16H15F3N2O4S | 388.367 |
—— | 1-((2R,4S,5R)-5-Hydroxymethyl-4-phenylselanyl-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-5-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrimidine-2,4-dione | 144989-70-8 | C16H15F3N2O4Se | 435.261 |
—— | 5-trifluoromethyl-3'-O-(methylsulfonyl)-5'-O-trityl-2'-deoxyuridine | 108441-91-4 | C30H27F3N2O7S | 616.615 |
1-[(2R,5S)-5-(羟甲基)-2,5-二氢呋喃-2-基]-5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2,4-二酮 | 1-(2,3-dideoxy-β-D-glycero-pent-2-enofuranosyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)uracil | 21618-68-8 | C10H9F3N2O4 | 278.188 |
—— | N3-benzoyl-2'-deoxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)uridine | 95969-47-4 | C17H15F3N2O6 | 400.311 |
—— | O4-benzyl-2'-deoxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)uridine | 116953-93-6 | C17H17F3N2O5 | 386.328 |
—— | 3'-(2-cyanoethyl-N,N-diisopropyl)-2'-deoxy-5'-(4,4'-dimethoxytrityl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)uridine | —— | C40H46F3N4O8P | 798.796 |
—— | 3-(4-Butyl-benzoyl)-1-((2R,4S,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-hydroxymethyl-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-5-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrimidine-2,4-dione | 99502-71-3 | C21H23F3N2O6 | 456.419 |
—— | 5'-O-(4,4'-dimethoxytrityl)-5-carboxyethyl-2'-deoxyuridine | 180728-32-9 | C33H34N2O9 | 602.641 |
—— | 5-Trifluoromethyl-5'-dimethoxytrityl-2'-deoxyuridine | —— | C31H29F3N2O7 | 598.576 |
—— | 2,3'-Anhydro-1-(2-deoxy-beta-D-lyxofuranosyl)-5-trifluoromethyluracil | 123822-62-8 | C10H9F3N2O4 | 278.188 |
—— | 3'-O-(3-benzenesulfonylfuroxan-4-yl)-5-trifluoromethyl-2'-deoxyuridine | —— | C18H15F3N4O9S | 520.4 |
—— | 2,3'-anhydro-5'-O-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-2'-deoxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)-1-(β-D-threo-pentofuranosyl)uracil | 144989-68-4 | C16H23F3N2O4Si | 392.45 |