1,-脱水-3,-O-异丙二烯-β-D-谷氨酸五乙酸酯 | 52579-97-2

• 物质功能分类: 生物化工 - 糖类化合物 - 单糖
• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 有机杂环化合物 - 二氧吡喃
• 中文名称: 1,-脱水-3,-O-异丙二烯-β-D-谷氨酸五乙酸酯
• 中文别名: 1,6-脱水-3,4-邻异亚丙基-beta-D-吡喃葡萄糖；1,6-无水-3,4-O-异丙基亚基-B-D-吡喃半乳糖
• 英文名称: 1,6-anhydro-3,4-O-isopropylidene-β-D-galactopyranose
• 英文别名: 1,6-Anhydro-3,4-O-isopropylidene-beta-D-galactopyranose；(1R,2S,6R,7R,8R)-4,4-dimethyl-3,5,9,11-tetraoxatricyclo[6.2.1.02,6]undecan-7-ol
• CAS: 52579-97-2
• 化学式: C₉H₁₄O₅
• 分子量: 202.207
• InChiKey: IQSQTOWMVAKJTC-JAJWTYFOSA-N

物化性质

• 熔点：
  145-146°C
• 溶解度：
  可溶于氯仿、二氯甲烷
• 稳定性/保质期：
  如果按照规定使用和储存，则不会发生分解，也未发现有已知的危险反应。

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  -0.6
• 重原子数：
  14
• 可旋转键数：
  0
• 环数：
  3.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  1.0
• 拓扑面积：
  57.2
• 氢给体数：
  1
• 氢受体数：
  5

安全信息

• 储存条件：
  保持贮藏器密封，并将其存放在阴凉、干燥的地方。确保工作间有良好的通风或排气装置。

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  1,-脱水-3,-O-异丙二烯-β-D-谷氨酸五乙酸酯 在 氢溴酸 、 四丁基碘化铵 、 sodium hydride 、 溶剂黄146 、 三氟乙酸 作用下， 以 二氯甲烷 、 N,N-二甲基甲酰胺 为溶剂， 反应 12.0h， 生成 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-O-benzyl-α-D-galactopyranosyl bromide
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Effects of Lipid Chain Lengths in α-Galactosylceramides on Cytokine Release by Natural Killer T Cells

  摘要：

  Glycolipid presentation by CD1 proteins has emerged as an important aspect of antigen recognition, and presentation of alpha-glycosylceramides by CD1d to natural killer T cells has become a central focus in understanding how glycolipid presentation can influence immune responses. An alpha-galactosylceramide containing relatively long lipid chains has been the subject of intense study because, when presented by CD1d to natural killer T cells, it stimulates the release of both proinflammatory and immunomodulatory cytokines. Using an efficient synthesis of alpha-galactosylceramides, we have prepared a series of glycolipids in which the lipid chain lengths have been incrementally varied. The responses of natural killer T cells to these glycolipids have been determined, and we have found that truncation of the phytosphingosine lipid chain increases the relative amounts of immunomodulatory cytokines released. In similar fashion, the length of the acyl chain in alpha-galactosylceramides influences cytokine release profiles.

  DOI：

  10.1021/ja045385q
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  1,6-内醚-D-半乳糖 在 copper(II) sulfate 、 丙酮 作用下， 生成 1,-脱水-3,-O-异丙二烯-β-D-谷氨酸五乙酸酯
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Micheel, Chemische Berichte, 1929, vol. 62, p. 687,692

  摘要：

  DOI：

文献信息

• Electrophilic Fluorination−Nucleophilic Addition Reaction Mediated by Selectfluor: Mechanistic Studies and New Applications
  作者：Stéphane P. Vincent、Michael D. Burkart、Chung-Ying Tsai、Zhiyuan Zhang、Chi-Huey Wong

  DOI：10.1021/jo990686h

  日期：1999.7.1

  The electrophilic fluorination-nucleophilic addition reaction with Selectfluor-type reagents upon glycals has been studied and optimized. This reaction leads to selective fluorination at the 2-position with concomitant nucleophilic addition to the anomeric center. To understand the stereochemical outcome of this process, a mechanistic study has led to the discovery that, in the fucose series, Selectfluor

  已经研究和优化了与 Selectfluor 型试剂在糖基上的亲电氟化-亲核加成反应。该反应导致在 2 位选择性氟化，同时对异头中心进行亲核加成。为了了解该过程的立体化学结果，一项机制研究发现，在岩藻糖系列中，Selectfluor 以顺式方式特异性添加，产生 1-[TEDA-CH2Cl]-2-氟糖，该糖缓慢异构化为更稳定的中间体。研究了异头α/β分布作为反应物和条件的函数，发现保护基策略的明智选择可以提高氟化和亲核加成的立体选择性。此外，使用超敏自由基探针来探测反应，并且没有分离出自由基过程的产物特征，这表明在聚糖对 Selectfluor 的攻击期间没有发生单电子转移。还讨论了溶剂效应、Selectfluor 反离子和逐步程序的重要性。这项研究带来了产量的重要改进和更广泛的允许亲核试剂，如碳水化合物、氨基酸、磷酸盐或膦酸盐的仲醇。这一优化过程进一步应用于重要生物活性分子的修饰，包括氟化道
• Synthesis of L-Dioxolane Nucleosides and Related Chemistry
  作者：Chengyi Liang、Doo Won Lee、M. Gary Newton、Chung K. Chu

  DOI：10.1021/jo00111a012

  日期：1995.3

  (+)-L- or (+)-(2R,4S)-1-[4-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl]-5-fluorouracil (25) and other novel classes of 1,3-dioxolane nucleosides have been synthesized. Coupling of 2-methoxy-4-[[(tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy]methyl]-1,3-dioxolane (23) or 2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane (9) with silylated g-fluorouracil, thymine, cytosine, and 5-chlorocytosine in the presence of TMSOTf gave the corresponding 1,3-dioxolane nucleosides. These nucleosides were decomposed and rearranged to the ring-opened products in certain reaction conditions. It was found that 5-fluorouricil nucleosides (12 and 25) were relatively more stable than the thymine or cytosine derivatives (10, 13, and 16). Bulky protecting group (TBDPS) at the 1,3-dioxolane moiety in compound 24 may also contribute the stability to the 1,3-dioxolane nucleosides. The structures of these novel 1,3-dioxolane nucleosides and ring-opened products have been assigned by NMR spectra, and the mechanisms of decomposition and rearrangement to the ring opened products were discussed.

  (+)-L-或(+)-(2R,4S)-1-[4-(羟甲基)-1,3-二氧戊环-2-基]-5-氟尿嘧啶（25）和其他新型1,3-二氧戊环核苷已被合成。2-甲氧基-4-[[(叔丁基二苯基硅基)氧基]甲基]-1,3-二氧戊环（23）或2-甲基-1,3-二氧戊环（9）与硅化的α-氟尿嘧啶、胸腺嘧啶、胞嘧啶和5-氯胞嘧啶在TMSOTf的存在下偶联，得到相应的1,3-二氧戊环核苷。这些核苷在某些反应条件下分解并重排为开环产物。发现5-氟尿嘧啶核苷（12和25）比胸腺嘧啶或胞嘧啶衍生物（10、13和16）相对更稳定。化合物24中1,3-二氧戊环部分的庞大保护基团（TBDPS）也可能为1,3-二氧戊环核苷的稳定性做出贡献。这些新型1,3-二氧戊环核苷和开环产物的结构已通过NMR光谱确定，并讨论了分解和重排到开环产物的机制。
• An Extremely Mild and General Method for the Construction of 1,2-trans-.BETA.-Glycosidic Linkages via Glycopyranosyl Diethyl Phosphites with Participating Groups at C-2.
  作者：Shun-ichi HASHIMOTO、Ai SANO、Kazuhiro UMEO、Makoto NAKAJIMA、Shiro IKEGAMI

  DOI：10.1248/cpb.43.2267

  日期：——

  A highly efficient 1, 2-trans-β-glycosidation reaction has been developed by using glycopyranosyl diethyl phosphites bearing participating groups such as benzoate, phthalimido, or trichloroethyl carbamate groups at C-2 as glycosyl donors and trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (TMSOTf) as a promoter.

  使用在C-2位带有参与基团如苯甲酸酯、邻苯二甲酰亚胺或三氯乙基氨基甲酸酯的糖吡喃糖苷二乙基膦酸酯作为糖供体，并采用三甲基硅基三氟甲磺酸酯（TMSOTf）作为促进剂，已开发出一种高效的顺式1,2-β-糖基化反应。
• Iodonium ion promoted reactions at the anomeric centre. II An efficient thioglycoside mediated approach toward the formation of 1,2-trans linked glycosides and glycosidic esters
  作者：G.H. Veeneman、S.H. van Leeuwen、J.H. van Boom

  DOI：10.1016/s0040-4039(00)88799-7

  日期：1990.1

  N-iodosuccinimide (NIS) in the presence of an organic acid was found to be effective for the activation of fully acylated thioglycosides leading to 1,2-trans linked esters. On the other hand, NIS together with a catalytic amount of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid proved to be very convenient for the rapid, high-yielding and stereoselective (1,2-trans) glycosidation of esterified thioglycosides with glycosyl

  发现在有机酸存在下，N-碘琥珀酰亚胺（NIS）可有效活化完全酰化的硫代糖苷，从而生成1,2-反式连接的酯。另一方面，NIS与催化量的三氟甲磺酸一起被证明对于用糖基受体对酯化的硫糖苷进行快速，高产和立体选择性（1,2-反式）糖苷化非常方便。
• Glycosyl iodides are highly efficient donors under neutral conditions
  作者：Michael J. Hadd、Jacquelyn Gervay

  DOI：10.1016/s0008-6215(99)00146-9

  日期：1999.7

  Abstract Glycosyl iodides have been prepared and subjected to glycosylation under neutral conditions. The reactions are highly efficient, giving α glycosides even with sterically demanding glycosyl acceptors. Glucosyl iodides react with allyl alcohol slowest and require refluxing conditions. Galactosyl iodides are intermediate in reactivity, providing the allyl glycoside in 3 h at room temperature

  摘要制备了糖基碘化物并在中性条件下进行糖基化。该反应是高效的，即使具有空间上要求的糖基受体也能得到α糖苷。葡萄糖基碘与烯丙醇的反应最慢，需要回流条件。半乳糖基碘化物是反应性的中间产物，在室温下3小时内可提供烯丙基糖苷，而岩藻糖基碘化物的糖基化在相似条件下可在不到1小时内发生。用包括异头羟基在内的各种受体证明了反应的范围和局限性，得到了海藻糖类似物。在不存在C-2参与的情况下，只需将溶剂从苯改成乙腈就可以实现葡萄糖基碘化物的β-选择性糖基化。