argon. Under the same conditions, FADH2 in turn cleanly reduces the antimalarialdrug methylene blue (MB) to leucomethylene blue. The latter is rapidly re‐oxidized by artemisinins, thus supporting the proposal that MB exerts its antimalarial activity, and synergizes the antimalarial action of artemisinins, by interfering with redox cycling involving NADPH reduction of flavin cofactors in parasite flavin
在氩气中,pH 7.4的水性缓冲液中的NADPH-大肠杆菌黄素还原酶(Fre)将黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸(FAD)还原为FADH 2。在相同条件下,FADH 2依次将抗疟疾药物亚甲基蓝(MB)还原为无色亚乙基蓝。后者被青蒿素迅速重新氧化,从而支持了MB发挥其抗疟活性,并通过干扰寄生虫黄素二硫键还原酶中黄素辅因子的NADPH还原的氧化还原循环,发挥了青蒿素的抗疟作用的提议。直接处理FADH 2在生理条件下,pH 7.4时,青蒿素和抗疟疾活性四恶烷和三恶烷结构类似物从NADPH-Fre-FAD中产生,导致青蒿素快速还原,过氧化物结构类似物有效转化为酮产物。FADH 2氧化相对速率的比较表明三氧戊环的最佳活性。因此,对于三氧戊环而言,寄生内氧化还原扰动的速率将最大,这与其增强的体外抗疟活性有关可能是重要的。使用BNAH-核黄素(RF)模型系统的1 H NMR光谱研究表明,四恶烷能够同时使用两个过氧化物单元来氧化RFH
Combination of Pseudo‐Natural Product Design and Formal Natural Product Ring Distortion Yields Stereochemically and Biologically Diverse Pseudo‐Sesquiterpenoid Alkaloids
both chemically and biologically diverse, and their biological performance distinctly depends on both the structure of the sesquiterpene lactone-derived scaffolds and the stereochemistry of the pyrrolidine fragment. Biological investigation of the compound collection led to the discovery of a novel chemotype inhibiting Hedgehog-dependent osteoblast differentiation
[EN] ARTEMISININ-BASED PEROXIDE COMPOUNDS AS BROAD SPECTRUM ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS<br/>[FR] COMPOSES DE PEROXYDE A BASE D'ARTEMISININE TENANT LIEU D'AGENTS ANTI-INFECTIEUX A LARGE SPECTRE
申请人:UNIV MISSISSIPI
公开号:WO2003095444A1
公开(公告)日:2003-11-20
Described herein is the synthesis, bioassay results and utility of new C-9 and C-10 substituted artemisinin derivatives with easily functionalizable groups attached to the artemisinin skeleton through carbon chain or heteroatoms. Described also is the demonstration of this class of compounds for their broad-spectrum anti-parasitic activity. Certain of these analogs possess noticeable cytotoxicity deliberately focused on treatment of cancerous diseases.
The Deoxygenation and Isomerization of Artemisinin and Artemether and Their Relevance to Antimalarial Action
作者:Charles W. Jefford、Maria G. H. Vicente、Yvan Jacquier、France Favarger、Jiri Mareda、Patricia Millasson-Schmidt、Gerhard Brunner、Ulrich Burger
DOI:10.1002/hlca.19960790520
日期:1996.8.7
The treatment of artemisinin (1) and β-artemether (6) with Zn dissolving in AcOH for a few hours results in mono-deoxygenation giving deoxyartemisinin (5) and deoxy-β-artemether (7), respectively, as the sole product. In contrast, submission of 1 to FeCl2 · 4 H2O in MeCN at room temperature for 15 min causes only isomerization, (3aS,4R,6aS,7R,10S,10aR)-octahydro-4,7-dimethyl-8-oxo-2H-10H-furo[3,2-i]
用锌溶解在AcOH中的青蒿素(1)和β-蒿甲醚(6)处理数小时会导致单脱氧,分别得到脱氧青蒿素(5)和脱氧-β-蒿甲醚(7)作为唯一产品。相比之下,室温下在MeCN中向FeCl 2 ·4 H 2 O中1提交15分钟只会引起异构化(3a S,4 R,6a S,7 R,10 S,10a R)-八氢-4, 7-二甲基-8-氧代-2 H -10 H-呋喃[3,2- i ]苯并吡喃-10-乙酸基酯((8)和(3 R)-3-羟基脱氧青蒿素(9)的产率分别为78%和17%。FeCN 2 ·4 H 2 O在MeCN中对6的作用相似。在相同条件下,6产生类似于8和9的产物,并带有2- [4-甲基-2-氧代-3-(3-氧代丁基)环己基]丙醛的差向异构体混合物,产率分别为32%,23%和16% , 分别。在环己烯的存在下重复最后两个实验不会形成环氧化物。就其亲氧性质而言,锌对1和6的脱氧是合理的。1的催化异构化Fe
Facile Oxidation of Leucomethylene Blue and Dihydroflavins by Artemisinins: Relationship with Flavoenzyme Function and Antimalarial Mechanism of Action
作者:Richard K. Haynes、Wing-Chi Chan、Ho-Ning Wong、Ka-Yan Li、Wai-Keung Wu、Kit-Man Fan、Herman H. Y. Sung、Ian D. Williams、Davide Prosperi、Sergio Melato、Paolo Coghi、Diego Monti
DOI:10.1002/cmdc.201000225
日期:——
oxygen with generation of ROS. Reduction of the artemisinin is proposed to occur via hydride transfer from LMB or the dihydroflavin to O1 of the peroxide. This hitherto unrecorded reactivity profile conforms with known structure–activity relationships of artemisinins, is consistent with their known ability to generate ROS in vivo, and explains the synergism between artemisinins and redox‐active antimalarial