IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Nonadecane is a solid n-alkane containing 19 carbon atoms (C19). Solid n-alkanes (paraffin waxes) are used in a variety of applications: as feeds for cracking them to gasoline blendstock materials, oxidation, and chlorination reactions. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: There are no data available. ANIMAL STUDIES: A homologous series of n-alkanes ranging from n-C12-n-C31 was found in all samples of bovine tissues. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: Volatile organic compounds (heptadecadiene, n-nonadecane, n-tricosane, and octadecene represent 62% of the fraction) released from A. dealbata flowers strongly inhibited germination and seedling growth of selected species, and mainly on its own seedlings.
/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Aliphatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/
/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . Treat frostbite with rapid rewarming techniques ... ./Aliphatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/
/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) or lorazepam (Ativan) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Aliphatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/
Emergency and supportive measures. 1. General. Provide basic supportive care for all symptomatic patients. Maintain an open airway and assist ventilation if necessary. Administer supplemental oxygen. Monitor arterial blood gases or oximetry, chest radiographs, and ECG and admit symptomatic patients to an intensive care setting. Use epinephrine and other beta-adrenergic medications with caution in patients with significant hydrocarbon intoxication because arrhythmias may be induced. 2. Pulmonary aspiration. Patients who remain completely asymptomatic after 4-6 hours of observation may be discharged. In contrast, if the patient is coughing on arrival, aspiration probably has occurred. Administer supplemental oxygen and treat bronchospasm and hypoxia if they occur. Do not use steroids or prophylactic antibiotics. 3. Ingestion. In the vast majority of accidental childhood ingestions, less than 5-10 mL is actually swallowed and systemic toxicity is rare. Treatment is primarily supportive. Injection. For injections into the fingertip or hand, especially those involving a high-pressure paint gun, consult with a plastic or hand surgeon immediately, as prompt wide exposure, irrigation, and debridement are often required. /Hydrocarbons/
Liver, heart, kidneys, muscle and adipose (perirenal and s.c.) /bovine/ tissues were collected from 6 animals for analysis of their hydrocarbon composition. Qualitative and quantitative determinations were carried out by gas chromatography and combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Although differing in the proportions, a homologous series of n-alkanes ranging from n-C12-n-C31 was found in all samples. The isoprenoid hydrocarbons phytane and phytene (phyt-1-ene and phyt-2-ene) were also identified. (These findings have relevance to the health of humans consuming hydrocarbon-contaminated meats.) /n-Alkanes/
1.周国泰,化学危险品安全技术全书,化学工业出版社,1997 2.国家环保局有毒化学品管理办公室、北京化工研究院合编,化学品毒性法规环境数据手册,中国环境科学出版社.1992 3.Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety,CHEMINFO Database.1998 4.Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety, RTECS Database, 1989
Mechanism of Benzoquinone-Promoted Palladium-Catalyzed Oxidative Cross-Coupling Reactions
摘要:
This communication describes mechanistic studies of the Pd-catalyzed oxidative cross-coupling of benzo[h]quinoline with simple arenes. Through a series of experiments, including determination of the order of the reaction in various reagents, H/D exchange studies, kinetic isotope effect investigations, and the evaluation of electronic effects, we propose a detailed mechanism for these reactions. Importantly, this mechanism explains the key role of benzoquinone in these transformations; in addition, it provides insights that allow the rational tuning of reaction conditions to control the chemoselectivity of Ar-Ar' coupling.
Direct Hydrodecarboxylation of Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids: Metal- and Light-Free
作者:Euan B. McLean、David T. Mooney、David J. Burns、Ai-Lan Lee
DOI:10.1021/acs.orglett.1c04079
日期:2022.1.21
A mild and inexpensive method for direct hydrodecarboxylation of aliphaticcarboxylicacids has been developed. The reaction does not require metals, light, or catalysts, rendering the protocol operationally simple, easy to scale, and more sustainable. Crucially, no additional H atom source is required in most cases, while a broad substrate scope and functional group tolerance are observed.
已经开发了一种用于脂肪族羧酸直接加氢脱羧的温和且廉价的方法。该反应不需要金属、光或催化剂,使该协议操作简单、易于扩展且更具可持续性。至关重要的是,在大多数情况下不需要额外的 H 原子源,同时观察到广泛的底物范围和官能团耐受性。
Ruthenium-Catalyzed Dehydrogenative Decarbonylation of Primary Alcohols
作者:Andrea Mazziotta、Robert Madsen
DOI:10.1002/ejoc.201701173
日期:2017.10.2
dehydrogenations and decarbonylations have all been performed with different ruthenium(0) and ruthenium(II) complexes. Therefore, 2-naphthylmethanol was first reacted with several of these complexes to identify the optimum catalyst precursor (Table 1). The reactions were carried out under a flow of nitrogen in a Schlenk tube and stopped after 16 h at which time full conversion of the starting alcohol had
CATALYTIC PROCESS FOR CONVERTING RENEWABLE RESOURCES INTO PARAFFINS FOR USE AS DIESEL BLENDING STOCKS
申请人:Dindi Hasan
公开号:US20080312480A1
公开(公告)日:2008-12-18
A process for converting renewable resources such as vegetable oil and animal fat into paraffins in a single step which comprises contacting a feed which is a renewable resources with hydrogen and a catalyst which comprises molybdenum, a non-precious metal and an oxide to produce a hydrocarbon product having a ratio of even-numbered hydrocarbons to odd-numbered hydrocarbons of at least 2:1.
chemical bonds is always of great significance in organic chemistry. The cleavage of strong carbon–carbon σ bonds in the unstrained systems remains challenging. Here, we report the selective hydrogenolysis of carbon–carbon σ bonds in primary aliphatic alcohols catalyzed by supported metals under relatively mild conditions. In the case of 1-hexadecanol hydrogenolysis over Ru/TiO2 as a model reaction system
化学键的选择性断裂在有机化学中始终具有重要意义。在未应变的系统中,强碳-碳σ键的裂解仍然具有挑战性。在这里,我们报道了在相对温和的条件下,负载型金属催化的脂肪族伯醇中碳-碳σ键的选择性氢解。以Ru / TiO 2为模型反应体系进行1-十六烷醇氢解时,观察到碳-碳键相对于碳-氧键的选择性断裂,导致正十五烷为主要产物,少量n-十六烷。理论计算表明,在平面Ru(0001)上的1-十六烷醇氢解经历了两个平行的途径:即碳-碳键断裂产生正十五烷和碳-氧键断裂产生正十六烷。在平坦的Ru(0001)表面上去除吸附的CO是1-十六醇氢解的关键步骤。它有助于覆盖正十五烷生产中的最大能量屏障,并且通过覆盖活性Ru(0001)表面来阻碍正十六烷生产的速率。这项工作中提供的知识不仅对基本的碳-碳σ键断裂有基本的了解,而且对于将生物质实际转化为燃料和化学原料也具有重要意义。
Interconvertible host: Extended cavitands and capsules that recognize n‐alkanes were generated using N‐methyl glycoluril as a chiralspacer. The two host assemblies were interconverted by factors such as temperature, concentration, and guest length (see scheme).