按规定使用和贮存的情况下,该物质不会分解,并且能够避免与氧化物接触。
氧氟沙星(Ofloxacin,OFL)系第三代喹诺酮类药物,又名氟嗪酸,在1982年由日本第一制药株式会社开发。它属于广谱抗菌药物,对细菌、支原体及部分厌氧菌有效。化学名称为(±)-9-氟-2,3-二氢-3-甲基-10-(4-甲基-1-哌嗪基)-7-氧代-7H-吡啶并[1,2,3-de][1,4]苯并噁嗪-6-羧酸。氧氟沙星为黄色或灰黄色结晶性粉末,无臭,有苦味,微溶于水、乙醇丙酮、甲醇,极易溶于冰醋酸。
适应症临床上主要用于敏感菌所致的呼吸道、咽喉、扁桃体、尿路包括前列腺、皮肤及软组织、肠道及耳鼻科等部位的急、慢性感染。
药物相互作用氧氟沙星与其他抗生素、解热镇痛药、抗病毒药、免疫调节剂联合应用或研制成复方制剂被广泛应用。根据市场调查,部分省市已批准生产多种氧氟沙星与其它药物的复方制剂。这些复方制剂通常包括新青霉素、氯林可霉素、庆大霉素等耐药菌株以及对氟哌酸耐药的菌株。此外,它对厌氧菌也有一定的抗菌作用。
化学性质从乙醇中得到无色针状结晶,无臭,味苦。易溶于冰醋酸,较易溶于氯仿难溶于甲醇、乙醇、丙酮、氯仿或水,不溶于乙酸乙酯。熔点250~257℃(分解)。
用途第三代喹诺酮类合成抗菌药,具有广谱抗细菌活性。对革兰阳性和阴性菌均有较好的抗菌作用,特别对绿脓杆菌、衣原体也有抗菌作用。对新青霉素、氯林可霉素、庆大霉素耐药的菌株以及对氟哌酸耐药的菌株有良好效果。
生产方法以2,3,4-三氟硝基苯为起始原料,经选择性碱水解、醚化、还原、与C2H5OCH=C(COOEt)2或(CH3)2NCH=C(COOEt)2缩合、环合、水解,与乙酸硼作用后,再引入N-甲基哌嗪而得产品。
以邻苯二甲酰亚胺衍生物为原料,经氟化生成四氟邻苯二甲酰亚胺,水解、脱羧生成2,3,4,5-四氟苯甲酸,再氯化、酰化、脱羧生成2,3,4,5-四氟苯甲酰乙酸乙酯。接着与原甲酸三乙酯和2-氨基丙醇反应后环合生成吡啶并[1,2,3-de][1,4]苯并嘿嗪衍生物,最后与哌嗪反应生成氧氟沙星。
上述四氟苯甲酰乙酸乙酯,先与甲基哌嗪反应引入哌嗪基后,再引入侧链环合。然后水解得氧氟沙星。在氧氟沙星的制备中,哌嗪基的引入是一研究热点。越后引入,对其收率影响越大。该方法先把哌嗪引入,其引入收率可达88%。但在环合时,必须用强碱如氢化钠才能进行环合。
以上信息展示了氧氟沙星从合成、性质到临床应用的全貌。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 分子量 |
---|---|---|---|---|
—— | 1-Ethoxycarbonyloxyethyl 7-fluoro-2-methyl-6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-10-oxo-4-oxa-1-azatricyclo[7.3.1.05,13]trideca-5(13),6,8,11-tetraene-11-carboxylate | 139535-22-1 | C23H28FN3O7 | 477.49 |
氟嗪羧酸 | 9,10-difluoro-2,3-dihydro-3-methyl-7-oxo-7H-pyrido[1,2,3-de][1,4]-benzoxazine-6-carboxylic acid | 82419-35-0 | C13H9F2NO4 | 281.216 |
左旋氧氟沙星羧酸 | levofloxacin Q-acid | 100986-89-8 | C13H9F2NO4 | 281.216 |
9,10-二氟-3-甲基-7-氧代-2,3-二氢-7H-吡啶并[1,2,3-DE]-1,4-苯并恶嗪-6-羧酸乙酯 | ethyl 9,10-difluoro-2,3-dihydro-3-methyl-7-oxo-7H-pyrido<1,2,3-de><1,4>benzoxazin-6-carboxylate | 82419-34-9 | C15H13F2NO4 | 309.269 |
—— | ethyl 6,8-difluoro-1,4-dihydro-1-(1-hydroxyprop-2-yl)-7-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylate | 113933-54-3 | C20H25F2N3O4 | 409.433 |
1-乙基-6,7,8-三氟-1,4-二氢-4-氧代喹啉-2-羧酸 | 1-ethyl-6,7,8-trifluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid | 75338-42-0 | C12H8F3NO3 | 271.196 |
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 分子量 |
---|---|---|---|---|
左氧氟沙星 | levofloxacin | 100986-85-4 | C18H20FN3O4 | 361.373 |
D-氧氟沙星 | (R)-ofloxacin | 100986-86-5 | C18H20FN3O4 | 361.373 |
氧氟沙星相关物质A | ofloxacin | 82419-52-1 | C17H18FN3O4 | 347.346 |
9-氟-3-甲基-10-(4-甲基-4-氧代-1-哌嗪基)-7-氧代-2,3-二氢-7H-[1,4]恶嗪并[2,3,4-Ij]喹啉-6-羧酸乙酸盐(1:1) | 4-[6-carboxy-9-fluoro-3-methyl-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-pyrido[1,2,3-de]-1,4-benzoxazin-10-yl]-1-methylpiperazine 1-oxide | 104721-52-0 | C18H20FN3O5 | 377.372 |
—— | methyl 9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylate | 108224-82-4 | C19H22FN3O4 | 375.4 |
—— | 8-Fluoro-6-oxo-9-piperazin-1-yl-2,3-dihydro-6H-1-oxa-3a-aza-phenalene-5-carboxylic acid | 82419-50-9 | C16H16FN3O4 | 333.319 |
—— | ofloxacine ethyl ester | 107884-32-2 | C20H24FN3O4 | 389.427 |
—— | 9-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-3-methyl-10-(N"-methyl-N',N"-diformyl-2-aminoethylamino)-7H-pyrido[1,2,3-de]-1,4-benzoxazine-6-carboxylic acid | —— | C18H18FN3O6 | 391.356 |
—— | 6-(Dimethylamino)-7-fluoro-2-methyl-10-oxo-4-oxa-1-azatricyclo[7.3.1.05,13]trideca-5(13),6,8,11-tetraene-11-carboxylic acid | 82419-58-7 | C15H15FN2O4 | 306.294 |
—— | 1,8-isopropoxy-6-fluoro-7-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-quinoline-4(1H)one-3-ethanone | —— | C19H22FN3O3 | 359.4 |
—— | 3-(4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazin-2-ylamino)-propyl 9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-3,7-dihydro-2H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylate | 1158040-70-0 | C24H30FN9O4 | 527.559 |
—— | 1-Ethoxycarbonyloxyethyl 7-fluoro-2-methyl-6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-10-oxo-4-oxa-1-azatricyclo[7.3.1.05,13]trideca-5(13),6,8,11-tetraene-11-carboxylate | 139535-22-1 | C23H28FN3O7 | 477.49 |
—— | N-Succinimidyl ester of ofloxacin | —— | C22H23FN4O6 | 458.446 |
—— | 10-amino-9-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-3-methyl-7-oxo-7H-pyrido[1,2,3-de]-1,4-benzoxazine-6-carboxylic acid | 86794-33-4 | C13H11FN2O4 | 278.24 |
—— | N-(3-(4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazin-2-ylamino)propyl)-9-fluoro-3,7-dihydro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxamide | 1158040-74-4 | C24H31FN10O3 | 526.574 |
脱羧氧氟沙星 | ofloxacin | 123155-82-8 | C17H20FN3O2 | 317.363 |
9,10-二氟-3-甲基-7-氧代-2,3-二氢-7H-吡啶并[1,2,3-DE]-1,4-苯并恶嗪-6-羧酸乙酯 | ethyl 9,10-difluoro-2,3-dihydro-3-methyl-7-oxo-7H-pyrido<1,2,3-de><1,4>benzoxazin-6-carboxylate | 82419-34-9 | C15H13F2NO4 | 309.269 |
—— | N-methylciprofloxacin | 86483-46-7 | C18H20FN3O3 | 345.374 |
—— | 9-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-6-[3-(4,5-dihydro-4-(3-oxobutyl))-5-sulfanylene-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinolin-7-one | 1315249-19-4 | C23H26FN5O4S | 487.555 |
—— | 6-(4-(3-(4-aminophenyl)-3-oxopropyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-sulfanylene-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-9-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinolin-7-one | 1315249-18-3 | C28H29FN6O4S | 564.64 |
—— | 9-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-6-(4,5-dihydro-4-(3-oxo-3-phenylpropyl)-5-sulfanylene-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-3-methyl-l,10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-[1,4]oxazine[2,3,4-ij]quinolin-7-one | 1315249-17-2 | C28H28FN5O4S | 549.626 |
—— | 9-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-6-[3-(4-amino-4,5-dihydro-1-(3-oxobutyl-5-sulfanylene-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl))]-3-methyl-1,10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-y)-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinolin-7-one | 1315249-20-7 | C23H28FN7O3S | 501.585 |
1-环丙基-6,7-二氟-1,4-二氢-4-氧喹啉-3-羧酸 | 1-cyclopropyl-6,7-difluoro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid | 93107-30-3 | C13H9F2NO3 | 265.216 |