酮类化合物
酮类化合物
定义与结构
酮类化合物是一类有机化合物，其分子中至少含有一个羰基（C=O），并且这个羰基被两个碳原子所包围。通式为R1-C(=O)-R2，其中R1和R2可以是任何烷基或芳基等碳基团。酮的命名通常以烷基作为前缀，并按照取代基的顺序进行排列。
物理性质酮类化合物具有较低的沸点，这是因为它们的分子间相互作用力相对较弱。例如，丙酮（CH3COCH3）的沸点约为56℃，而乙醇（C2H5OH）的沸点为78.4℃。
化学性质 酮的亲核加成反应- 羟醛缩合：酮可以参与与烯烃或醛的羟醛缩合反应。
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氢化：在一定条件下，如在钯催化剂的作用下，酮可以被还原为醇。
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硼氢化：使用硼烷衍生物（如LiBH4）作为还原剂，可将酮转化为伯醇。
在高温或酸性条件下，酮可以发生分子内脱水生成α,β-不饱和羰基化合物。这一过程也称为Wittig反应的一种特例。
应用领域-
医药：许多药物含有酮结构。
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香料与调味剂：多种芳香物质为酮类化合物，例如肉桂醛、茴香脑等。
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溶剂：丙酮广泛用于各种化学合成和工业过程中作为溶剂。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (5-氯-2-碘苯基) 2,6-二氟苯甲烷 | (5-chloro-2-iodophenyl)(2,6-difluorophenyl)methanone | 869365-97-9 | C13H6ClF2IO |
|
| (4S,5R)-5-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)-4-(甲基-1,3-噁唑烷-2-酮 | (4S,5R)-5-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-methyl-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one | 875444-08-9 | C12H9F6NO2 |
|
| (4S)-二氢莪术双环烯酮 | 4S-dihydrocurcumenone | 142717-57-5 | C15H24O2 |
|
| (4S)-4-[(2S)-2-丁烷基]-1,3-恶唑烷-2,5-二酮 | L-4-(2-butyl)-1,3-oxazolidine-2,5-dione | 45895-90-7 | C7H11NO3 |
|
| (4S)-3-[5-(4-氟苯基)-1,5-二氧代戊基]-4-苯基-2-恶唑烷酮 | (S)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-(2-oxo-4-phenyloxazolidin-3-yl)pentane-1,5-dione | 189028-93-1 | C20H18FNO4 |
|
| (4-癸氧基-2-羟基苯基)-苯基甲酮 | 2-Hydroxy-4-decyloxy-benzophenon | 2162-63-2 | C23H30O3 |
|
| (4-甲氧基-苯基)-对甲苯-甲酮 | 4-methoxy-4'-methylbenzophenone | 23886-71-7 | C15H14O2 |
|
| (4-溴苯基)环丙基甲酮 | (4-bromophenyl)(cyclopropyl)methanone | 6952-89-2 | C10H9BrO |
|
| (4-氯-3-硝基苯基)-(4-氯苯基)-甲酮 | 4,4'-dichloro-3-nitrobenzophenone | 31431-17-1 | C13H7Cl2NO3 |
|
| (4-氯-3-(4-乙氧基苄基)苯基)((3aS,5R,6S,6aS)-6-羟基-2,2-二甲基四氢呋 | (4-chloro-3-(4-ethoxybenzyl)phenyl)((3aS,5R,6S,6aS)-6-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyltetrahydrofuro[2,3-d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)methanone | 1103738-30-2 | C23H25ClO6 |
|
| (4-氨基-3-硝基苯胺)-(4-氟苯基)-甲酮 | 4-Chlor-4'-fluor-3-nitrobenzophenon | 31431-16-0 | C13H7ClFNO3 |
|
| (3beta,7alpha,15alpha)-3,7,15-三羟基雄甾-5-烯-17-酮 | 3β,7α,15α-trihydroxy-5-androstene-17-one | 2963-69-1 | C19H28O4 |
|
| (3S,4R,5S,6R)-2,6-二(羟基甲基)四氢吡喃-2,3,4,5-四醇 | sedoheptulose | 3019-74-7 | C7H14O7 |
|
| (3S)-3-(叔丁氧羰基)氨基-1-氯-4-苯基-2-丁酮 | (S)-tert-butyl (4-chloro-3-oxo-1-phenylbutan-2-yl)carbamate | 102123-74-0 | C15H20ClNO3 |
|
| (3R,4S)-3-(1-乙氧基乙氧基)-4-苯基-2-氮杂环丁酮 | 3-(1-Ethoxyethoxy)-4-phenylazetidin-2-one | 201856-48-6 | C13H17NO3 |
|
| (3R,4S)-1-苯甲酰-3-(1-乙氧乙氧基)-4-苯基-2-氮杂环丁酮 | (3R,4S)-3-(1-ethoxyethoxy)-4-(phenyl)-N-benzoyl-2-azetidinone | 201856-53-3 | C20H21NO4 |
|
| (3E,5E)-3,6,10-三甲基十一碳-3,5,9-三烯-2-酮 | pseudoionone | 1117-41-5 | C14H22O |
|
| (3-氨基苯基)-环丙基甲酮 | (3-aminophenyl)(cyclopropyl)methanone | 162174-75-6 | C10H11NO |
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| (3,4-二甲氧基苯基)(4-氟苯基)甲酮 | (3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)(4-fluorophenyl)methanone | 71186-85-1 | C15H13FO3 |
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| (3,4-二氨基苯)(4-氟苯)甲酮 | (3,4-diaminophenyl)(4-fluorophenyl)ketone | 66938-86-1 | C13H11FN2O |
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| (2S)-2-吡咯烷基(1-吡咯烷基)甲酮 | L-prolylpyrrolidine | 41721-00-0 | C9H16N2O |
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| (2R)-1-(2,4-二氟苯基)-2-[(四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)氧基]-1-丙酮 | (2R)-2',4'-Difluoro-2-(3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)propiophenone | 126918-17-0 | C14H16F2O3 |
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| (2E)-1-(2-羟基苯基)-3-苯基-2-丙烯-1-酮 | (E)-2'-hydroxy-chalcone | 888-12-0 | C15H12O2 |
|
| (2-羟基-4-(2-羟基乙氧基)苯基)(苯基)甲酮 | (2-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl)(phenyl)methanone | 16909-78-7 | C15H14O4 |
|
| (2-氯苯基)-(4-苯基苯基)甲酮 | [1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl(2-chlorophenyl)methanone | 34701-98-9 | C19H13ClO |
|
| (2-氯苯基)(1-羟基环戊基)甲酮 | (2-chlorophenyl)(1-hydroxycyclopentyl)methanone | 90717-17-2 | C12H13ClO2 |
|
| (2-丁基苯并呋喃-3-基)(4-甲氧基苯基)甲酮 | (2-butylbenzofuran-3-yl)(4-methoxyphenyl)methanone | 83790-87-8 | C20H20O3 |
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| (2-丁基-1-苯并呋喃-3-基)(4-羟基-3-碘苯基)甲酮 | 2-n-butyl-3-(3-iodo-4-hydroxybenzoyl)-benzofuran | 147030-50-0 | C19H17IO3 |
|
| (2,5-二氟苯基)(3-硝基苯基)甲酮 | 1,4-difluoro-3'-nitrobenzophenone | 1193512-72-9 | C13H7F2NO3 |
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| (1S,5R)-1-苯基-3-氧杂双环[3.1.0]己-2-酮 | 1-phenyl-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one | 63106-93-4 | C11H10O2 |
|
| (1S,2S,5S)-(-)-2-羟基-3-蒎酮 | (1S,2S,5S)-(-)-2-hydroxypinan-3-one | 1845-25-6 | C10H16O2 |
|
| (1S,2S)-1,2-环己二甲醇二甲磺酸酯 | (1S,2S)-cyclohexane-1,2-dimethanol bis(methanesulfonate) | 173658-50-9 | C10H20O6S2 |
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| (1R,5S)-双环[3.2.1]辛-3-酮 | bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one | 5019-82-9 | C8H12O |
|
| (1R,5S)-(+)-2-氧杂双环[3.3.0]辛-6-烯-3-酮 | 2-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]oct-6-en-3-one | 34638-25-0 | C7H8O2 |
|
| (1R,5S)-(+)-2-氧杂二环[3.3.0]辛-6-烯-3-酮 | (1R,5S)-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]oct-6-en-3-one | 54483-22-6 | C7H8O2 |
|
| (1E,4e)-1,5-双(4-甲氧基苯基)-1,4-戊二烯-3-酮 | 1,5-bis-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,4-pentadien-3-one | 2051-07-2 | C19H18O3 |
|
| (17beta)-13-乙基-17-羟基-11-亚甲基-4-雌烯-3-酮 | 13-ethyl-17β-hydroxy-11-methylenegona-4-en-3-one | 220332-82-1 | C20H28O2 |
|
| (17b)-17-羟基-雄甾-4,6-二烯-3-酮 | 6-dehydrotestosterone | 2484-30-2 | C19H26O2 |
|
| (17alpha)-13-乙基-3-甲氧基-18,19-二去甲孕甾-3,5-二烯-20-炔-17-醇 | (8R,9s,10r,13s,14s,17r)-13-ethyl-17-ethynyl-3-methoxy-2,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,15,16-decahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-ol | 176254-10-7 | C22H30O2 |
|
| (17alpha)-13-乙基-17-羟基-18,19-二去甲孕甾-5-烯-20-炔-3-酮 | (8R,9S,10R,13S,14S,17R)-13-Ethyl-17-ethynyl-17-hydroxy-1,2,4,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one | 100021-05-4 | C21H28O2 |
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| —— | di(4-allyloxy)benzoylmethane | 1262142-69-7 | C21H20O4 |
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| —— | 1-(2-amino-4-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)ethanone | 2090481-19-7 | C8H7ClFNO |
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| —— | 3-(((4-chlorophenyl)sulfonyl)methyl)-1,3-dimethylindolin-2-one | 1588430-02-7 | C17H16ClNO3S |
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| —— | (5S)-bicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-en-6-one | 13173-09-6 | C7H8O |
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| —— | 2-Amino-7-oxo-dihydropteridin | 22005-60-3 | C6H5N5O |
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| —— | 1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-4H-cyclobuta[f]inden-4-one | 114842-00-1 | C11H10O |
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| —— | cyclooctane,(Z)-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one,rhodium | 34767-55-0 | C21H35O2Rh |
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| —— | 4,4-difluoro-3-hydroxycyclohexanone | 1194818-65-9 | C6H8F2O2 |
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| —— | 6-bromo-3-(4-methylbenzoyl)-2(3H)-benzoxazolone | 1266604-00-5 | C15H10BrNO3 |
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| —— | 1-(2-chlorophenyl)-3,3,3-trifluoropropan-1-one | 1250432-16-6 | C9H6ClF3O |
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