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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 有机原料 酮类化合物

    酮类化合物

    酮类化合物 定义与结构

    酮类化合物是一类有机化合物，其分子中至少含有一个羰基（C=O），并且这个羰基被两个碳原子所包围。通式为R1-C(=O)-R2，其中R1和R2可以是任何烷基或芳基等碳基团。酮的命名通常以烷基作为前缀，并按照取代基的顺序进行排列。

    物理性质

    酮类化合物具有较低的沸点，这是因为它们的分子间相互作用力相对较弱。例如，丙酮（CH3COCH3）的沸点约为56℃，而乙醇（C2H5OH）的沸点为78.4℃。

    化学性质 酮的亲核加成反应
    • 羟醛缩合：酮可以参与与烯烃或醛的羟醛缩合反应。
    羰基的还原

    • 氢化：在一定条件下，如在钯催化剂的作用下，酮可以被还原为醇。

    • 硼氢化：使用硼烷衍生物（如LiBH4）作为还原剂，可将酮转化为伯醇。

    脱水反应

    在高温或酸性条件下，酮可以发生分子内脱水生成α,β-不饱和羰基化合物。这一过程也称为Wittig反应的一种特例。

    应用领域

    • 医药：许多药物含有酮结构。

    • 香料与调味剂：多种芳香物质为酮类化合物，例如肉桂醛、茴香脑等。

    • 溶剂：丙酮广泛用于各种化学合成和工业过程中作为溶剂。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 4'-(3,4-Difluorophenyl)-1,1'-bi(cyclohexyl)-4-one 147622-85-3 C18H22F2O
    4'-(3,4-Difluorophenyl)-1,1'-bi(cyclohexyl)-4-one
    —— 2,6-Bis-[1-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-cyclohexanone 6275-32-7 C22H22O3
    2,6-Bis-[1-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-cyclohexanone
    —— Cadmium;4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one 14689-45-3 C10H16CdO4
    Cadmium;4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one
    —— 5,7-dimethoxy-2-(4-(2-methoxyethoxy)-3,5-dimethylphenyl)quinazolin-4(3H)-one 1044871-14-8 C21H24N2O5
    5,7-dimethoxy-2-(4-(2-methoxyethoxy)-3,5-dimethylphenyl)quinazolin-4(3H)-one
    —— (E)-3-Isopropylidene-6,10-dimethyl-cyclodec-6-ene-1,4-dione 38230-32-9 C15H22O2
    (E)-3-Isopropylidene-6,10-dimethyl-cyclodec-6-ene-1,4-dione
    —— 7,8-dihydrobiopterin 1262750-77-5 C9H13N5O3
    7,8-dihydrobiopterin
    —— Tris(pentane-2,4-dionato-O,O')samarium 14589-42-5 C15H21O6Sm
    Tris(pentane-2,4-dionato-O,O')samarium
    —— (S)-3'-hydroxyflavanone 92496-65-6 C15H12O3
    (S)-3'-hydroxyflavanone
    —— S-(+)-7,8-dihydroxy-3-methyl-isochromanone-4 1407973-60-7 C10H10O4
    S-(+)-7,8-dihydroxy-3-methyl-isochromanone-4
    —— Androst-4-en-3,6,17-trion 2243-06-3 C19H24O3
    Androst-4-en-3,6,17-trion
    —— Androst-4-ene-3,6,17-trione 2243-06-3 C19H24O3
    Androst-4-ene-3,6,17-trione
    —— 5-amino-3-oxo-4-o-tolyl-2,3-dihydropyrazole-1-thiocarboxylic acid S-allyl ester 473799-16-5 C14H15N3O2S
    5-amino-3-oxo-4-o-tolyl-2,3-dihydropyrazole-1-thiocarboxylic acid S-allyl ester
    —— (4R,5R)-4-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methyloxazolidin-2-one 127913-30-8 C5H9NO3
    (4R,5R)-4-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methyloxazolidin-2-one
    —— trans-8-Cyclohexadecenon-(1) 3100-36-5 C16H28O
    trans-8-Cyclohexadecenon-(1)
    —— 17-Hydroxy-3-oxo-17α-pregn-4-ene-7α,21-dicarboxylic-acid-methylester-γ-lacton 41020-65-9 C24H32O5
    17-Hydroxy-3-oxo-17α-pregn-4-ene-7α,21-dicarboxylic-acid-methylester-γ-lacton
    —— 2,3-Octanedione 3-oxime 584-92-9 C8H15NO2
    2,3-Octanedione 3-oxime
    —— (2Z,6Z)-2,6-bis(hydroxyimino)cyclohexan-1-one 10528-54-8 C6H8N2O3
    (2Z,6Z)-2,6-bis(hydroxyimino)cyclohexan-1-one
    —— (3E,5E)-3,5-Octadien-2-one 30086-02-3 C8H12O
    (3E,5E)-3,5-Octadien-2-one
    —— 7-amino-5-bromo-2-methylpyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one 915190-04-4 C8H7BrN4O
    7-amino-5-bromo-2-methylpyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one
    —— 4-(5-Bromo-2-methoxyphenyl)but-3-en-2-one 943768-51-2 C11H11BrO2
    4-(5-Bromo-2-methoxyphenyl)but-3-en-2-one
    —— Dehydrocurdione 38230-32-9 C15H22O2
    Dehydrocurdione
    —— 2,2-Dimethyl-1,3-bis(4'-bromophenyl)-1,3-propanedione 155886-75-2 C17H14Br2O2
    2,2-Dimethyl-1,3-bis(4'-bromophenyl)-1,3-propanedione
    —— 3-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzylidene)pentane-2,4-dione 945558-97-4 C15H18O5
    3-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzylidene)pentane-2,4-dione
    —— 1-(2-amino-4-(trifluoromethyl)thiazol-5-yl)-2-bromoethan-1-one 1377581-61-7 C6H4BrF3N2OS
    1-(2-amino-4-(trifluoromethyl)thiazol-5-yl)-2-bromoethan-1-one
    —— (4Z)-4-heptadecylidene-3-hexadecyloxetan-2-one 10126-68-8 C36H68O2
    (4Z)-4-heptadecylidene-3-hexadecyloxetan-2-one
    —— Pregna-1,4-dien-3,20-dion 1162-54-5 C21H28O2
    Pregna-1,4-dien-3,20-dion
    —— 3,20-Dioxo-pregnadien-1,4 1162-54-5 C21H28O2
    3,20-Dioxo-pregnadien-1,4
    —— 1-Dehydroprogesteron 1162-54-5 C21H28O2
    1-Dehydroprogesteron
    —— 17β-Hydroxy-androsta-4.6-dien-3-on 2484-30-2 C19H26O2
    17β-Hydroxy-androsta-4.6-dien-3-on
    —— Isodamascone 39872-57-6 C13H20O
    Isodamascone
    —— 2-cyclohexylhepta-1,6-dien-3-one 313973-37-4 C13H20O
    2-cyclohexylhepta-1,6-dien-3-one
    —— (8R,9R,10S,13S,14S)-13-ethyl-1,2,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,15,16-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,17-dione 21800-83-9 C19H26O2
    (8R,9R,10S,13S,14S)-13-ethyl-1,2,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,15,16-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,17-dione
    —— (+/-)-13-Aethyl-3-methoxy-gona-2,5(10)-dien-17-ol 1038-28-4 C20H30O2
    (+/-)-13-Aethyl-3-methoxy-gona-2,5(10)-dien-17-ol
    —— 18-Methyl-4-oestren-3,17-dion 21800-83-9 C19H26O2
    18-Methyl-4-oestren-3,17-dion
    —— (8aR)-hexahydro-1H-[1,3]oxazolo[3,4-a]pyridine-3,7-dione 1226594-79-1 C7H9NO3
    (8aR)-hexahydro-1H-[1,3]oxazolo[3,4-a]pyridine-3,7-dione
    —— (R)-2-Bromo-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)propan-1-one 21086-33-9 C10H11BrO2
    (R)-2-Bromo-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)propan-1-one
    —— Δ<sup>4,9(11)</sup>-Pregnadien-3,20-dion 4085-88-5 C21H28O2
    Δ<sup>4,9(11)</sup>-Pregnadien-3,20-dion
    —— 1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carbaldehyde 79138-28-6 C7H7NO2
    1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carbaldehyde
    —— 15-Oxo-PGF(1α) 35700-12-0 C20H32O5
    15-Oxo-PGF(1α)
    —— 15-keto-PGF<sub>2α</sub> 35700-12-0 C20H32O5
    15-keto-PGF<sub>2α</sub>
    —— 20β-Hydroxy-3-oxo-pregnen-(4) 145-14-2 C21H32O2
    20β-Hydroxy-3-oxo-pregnen-(4)
    —— Δ<sup>4</sup>-Pregnen-ol-(20β)-on-(3) 145-14-2 C21H32O2
    Δ<sup>4</sup>-Pregnen-ol-(20β)-on-(3)
    —— 20α(F)-Hydroxy-pregn-4-en-3-on 145-14-2 C21H32O2
    20α(F)-Hydroxy-pregn-4-en-3-on
    —— 20β-Hydroxy-pregn-4-en-3-on 145-14-2 C21H32O2
    20β-Hydroxy-pregn-4-en-3-on
    —— 20β-Hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-on 145-14-2 C21H32O2
    20β-Hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-on
    —— 20α-Hydroxypregnen-4-ene-3-one 145-14-2 C21H32O2
    20α-Hydroxypregnen-4-ene-3-one
    —— 20-Hydroprogesteron 145-14-2 C21H32O2
    20-Hydroprogesteron
    —— 7-amino-1-methyl-4-trifluoromethyl-1H-quinolin-2-one 1251538-45-0 C11H9F3N2O
    7-amino-1-methyl-4-trifluoromethyl-1H-quinolin-2-one
    —— cis-2-Nitro-chalkon-oxyd 7152-68-3 C15H11NO4
    cis-2-Nitro-chalkon-oxyd
    —— 16α,17α-Epoxyprogesteron 1097-51-4 C21H28O3
    16α,17α-Epoxyprogesteron