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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 有机原料 酮类化合物

    酮类化合物

    酮类化合物 定义与结构

    酮类化合物是一类有机化合物，其分子中至少含有一个羰基（C=O），并且这个羰基被两个碳原子所包围。通式为R1-C(=O)-R2，其中R1和R2可以是任何烷基或芳基等碳基团。酮的命名通常以烷基作为前缀，并按照取代基的顺序进行排列。

    物理性质

    酮类化合物具有较低的沸点，这是因为它们的分子间相互作用力相对较弱。例如，丙酮（CH3COCH3）的沸点约为56℃，而乙醇（C2H5OH）的沸点为78.4℃。

    化学性质 酮的亲核加成反应
    • 羟醛缩合：酮可以参与与烯烃或醛的羟醛缩合反应。
    羰基的还原

    • 氢化：在一定条件下，如在钯催化剂的作用下，酮可以被还原为醇。

    • 硼氢化：使用硼烷衍生物（如LiBH4）作为还原剂，可将酮转化为伯醇。

    脱水反应

    在高温或酸性条件下，酮可以发生分子内脱水生成α,β-不饱和羰基化合物。这一过程也称为Wittig反应的一种特例。

    应用领域

    • 医药：许多药物含有酮结构。

    • 香料与调味剂：多种芳香物质为酮类化合物，例如肉桂醛、茴香脑等。

    • 溶剂：丙酮广泛用于各种化学合成和工业过程中作为溶剂。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (3aR,4R,7S,7aS)-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-1H-4,7-methanoisoindole-1,3(2H)-dione 6319-06-8 C9H9NO2
    (3aR,4R,7S,7aS)-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-1H-4,7-methanoisoindole-1,3(2H)-dione
    —— 2-bromo-1-(3-fluoro-4-pyridinyl)-ethanone hydrobromide 845538-59-2 BrH*C7H5BrFNO
    2-bromo-1-(3-fluoro-4-pyridinyl)-ethanone hydrobromide
    —— (R)-2-(benzyloxy)pentan-3-one 132489-34-0 C12H16O2
    (R)-2-(benzyloxy)pentan-3-one
    —— 3-(4-bromophenyl)-3-methylbutan-2-one 107046-98-0 C11H13BrO
    3-(4-bromophenyl)-3-methylbutan-2-one
    —— bis((Z)-4-oxopent-2-en-2-yloxy)cadmium 14689-45-3 C10H16CdO4
    bis((Z)-4-oxopent-2-en-2-yloxy)cadmium
    —— 3-cyclobutyl-5-hydroxymethyl-oxazolidin-2-one 1612881-66-9 C8H13NO3
    3-cyclobutyl-5-hydroxymethyl-oxazolidin-2-one
    —— 3-cyclopentyl-5-hydroxymethyloxazolidin-2-one 1612881-67-0 C9H15NO3
    3-cyclopentyl-5-hydroxymethyloxazolidin-2-one
    —— 3-cyclopropyl-5-hydroxymethyl-oxazolidin-2-one 1612881-70-5 C7H11NO3
    3-cyclopropyl-5-hydroxymethyl-oxazolidin-2-one
    —— (E)-1-(thiophen-3-yl)but-2-en-1-one 1308249-57-1 C8H8OS
    (E)-1-(thiophen-3-yl)but-2-en-1-one
    —— (E)-1-(thiophen-2-yl)but-2-en-1-one 13196-29-7 C8H8OS
    (E)-1-(thiophen-2-yl)but-2-en-1-one
    —— 7-methoxy-2,2-dimethyl-5-vinyl-4H-benzo[d][1,3]dioxin-4-one 1005348-03-7 C13H14O4
    7-methoxy-2,2-dimethyl-5-vinyl-4H-benzo[d][1,3]dioxin-4-one
    —— (R)-4-benzyl-3-(4-(2,4-difluorophenyl)pent-4-enoyl)oxazolidin-2-one 165115-74-2 C21H19F2NO3
    (R)-4-benzyl-3-(4-(2,4-difluorophenyl)pent-4-enoyl)oxazolidin-2-one
    —— Azodicarbonsaeure-dimorpholid 10465-82-4 C10H16N4O4
    Azodicarbonsaeure-dimorpholid
    —— 1-(3-chlorophenyl)prop-2-en-1-one 160388-09-0 C9H7ClO
    1-(3-chlorophenyl)prop-2-en-1-one
    —— 9-(diethylamino)-5-hydroxybenzo[a]phenoxazin-2-one 188712-75-6 C20H18N2O3
    9-(diethylamino)-5-hydroxybenzo[a]phenoxazin-2-one
    —— 1,3,3a,4,6,6a-hexahydropentalene-2,5-dione 51716-63-3 C8H10O2
    1,3,3a,4,6,6a-hexahydropentalene-2,5-dione
    —— 3-methyl-1-(2-fluorophenyl)butan-1-one 626219-78-1 C11H13FO
    3-methyl-1-(2-fluorophenyl)butan-1-one
    —— 1-aminohexan-2-one 790144-92-2 C6H13NO
    1-aminohexan-2-one
    —— 1-(5-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)-2-fluoroethanone 1600511-51-0 C8H5BrF2O
    1-(5-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)-2-fluoroethanone
    —— bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-3-one 1755-04-0 C6H8O
    bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-3-one
    —— (4R)-4-(4-cyano-2-methoxyphenyl)-5-ethoxy-2,8-dimethyl-1,4-dihydro-1,6-naphthyridine-3-carboxamide 1050477-30-9 C21H22N4O3
    (4R)-4-(4-cyano-2-methoxyphenyl)-5-ethoxy-2,8-dimethyl-1,4-dihydro-1,6-naphthyridine-3-carboxamide
    —— 1-methoxy-butan-2-one 50741-70-3 C5H10O2
    1-methoxy-butan-2-one
    —— (Z)-2-benzylidene-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-one 24123-89-5 C14H15NO
    (Z)-2-benzylidene-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-one
    —— 10-(1-methyl-1-oxidopiperidin-1-ium-4-ylidene)-5H-benzo[1,2]cyclohepta[3,4-b]thiophen-4-one 88456-70-6 C19H19NO2S
    10-(1-methyl-1-oxidopiperidin-1-ium-4-ylidene)-5H-benzo[1,2]cyclohepta[3,4-b]thiophen-4-one
    —— 1,3-bis(4-bromophenyl)propan-2-one 54523-47-6 C15H12Br2O
    1,3-bis(4-bromophenyl)propan-2-one
    —— 2-hydroxy-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-benzo[7]annulen-5-one 3470-51-7 C11H12O2
    2-hydroxy-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-benzo[7]annulen-5-one
    —— 4-phenyl-2-oxazolidinone 86217-38-1 C9H9NO2
    4-phenyl-2-oxazolidinone
    —— 1,1-dimethylethyl methyl(2-oxopropyl)carbamate 532410-39-2 C9H17NO3
    1,1-dimethylethyl methyl(2-oxopropyl)carbamate
    —— 7-bromo-2-methylquinazolin-4(3H)-one 403850-89-5 C9H7BrN2O
    7-bromo-2-methylquinazolin-4(3H)-one
    —— 2-(benzoylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolane 55337-55-8 C11H12O3
    2-(benzoylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolane
    —— 1,5-diphenyl-1,4-pentadien-3-one 538-58-9 C17H14O
    1,5-diphenyl-1,4-pentadien-3-one
    —— 1-(5-bromo-2-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)ethan-1-one 50342-17-1 C9H9BrO2
    1-(5-bromo-2-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)ethan-1-one
    —— (Z,Z)-farnesyl acetone 3796-69-8 C18H30O
    (Z,Z)-farnesyl acetone
    —— 1-(4-(hexyloxy)phenyl)-2-phenylethanone 875816-13-0 C20H24O2
    1-(4-(hexyloxy)phenyl)-2-phenylethanone
    —— 2,2''-dimethoxy-1,1':4',1''-terphenyl 70017-24-2 C20H18O2
    2,2''-dimethoxy-1,1':4',1''-terphenyl
    —— 4'-fluorochalcone 399-10-0 C15H11FO
    4'-fluorochalcone
    —— 2-phenyl-4-[1-(2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl)meth-(Z)-ylidene]-4H-oxazol-5-one 1114339-55-7 C19H17NO5
    2-phenyl-4-[1-(2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl)meth-(Z)-ylidene]-4H-oxazol-5-one
    —— cis-1-acetyl-2-methylcyclohexane 5222-62-8 C9H16O
    cis-1-acetyl-2-methylcyclohexane
    —— (+/-)-1-(<i>trans</i>-2-methyl-cyclohexyl)-ethanone 5222-61-7 C9H16O
    (+/-)-1-(<i>trans</i>-2-methyl-cyclohexyl)-ethanone
    —— 1-(3′-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)ethanone 893739-19-0 C14H11FO
    1-(3′-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)ethanone
    —— O-benzilic-L-serine-NCA 3309-57-7 C11H11NO4
    O-benzilic-L-serine-NCA
    —— 2-(5-Bromo-2-methoxy-phenyl)-pyrimidin-4-ol 956125-10-3 C11H9BrN2O2
    2-(5-Bromo-2-methoxy-phenyl)-pyrimidin-4-ol
    —— 3-phenylisoxazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidin-4(5H)-one 15832-30-1 C11H7N3O2
    3-phenylisoxazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidin-4(5H)-one
    —— (2E,6E)-2,6-bis(4-methoxybenzylidene)cyclohexanone 6275-32-7 C22H22O3
    (2E,6E)-2,6-bis(4-methoxybenzylidene)cyclohexanone
    —— 4,4′-bis(diphenylamino)benzophenone 2873-76-9 C37H28N2O
    4,4′-bis(diphenylamino)benzophenone
    —— caprolactam sodium salt 2123-24-2 C6H10NO*Na
    caprolactam sodium salt
    —— 3-methylamino-4-methyl-(1H)-1, 2,4-triazolin-5-one 132534-74-8 C4H8N4O
    3-methylamino-4-methyl-(1H)-1, 2,4-triazolin-5-one
    —— 4-chloro-9H-xanthen-9-one 13210-16-7 C13H7ClO2
    4-chloro-9H-xanthen-9-one
    —— (7R)-2-chloro-7-methyl-7,8-dihydropteridin-6(5H)-one 1435462-66-0 C7H7ClN4O
    (7R)-2-chloro-7-methyl-7,8-dihydropteridin-6(5H)-one
    —— 1-(4-bromophenyl)prop-2-en-1-one 22731-70-0 C9H7BrO
    1-(4-bromophenyl)prop-2-en-1-one