酮类化合物是一类有机化合物,其分子中至少含有一个羰基(C=O),并且这个羰基被两个碳原子所包围。通式为R1-C(=O)-R2,其中R1和R2可以是任何烷基或芳基等碳基团。酮的命名通常以烷基作为前缀,并按照取代基的顺序进行排列。
物理性质酮类化合物具有较低的沸点,这是因为它们的分子间相互作用力相对较弱。例如,丙酮(CH3COCH3)的沸点约为56℃,而乙醇(C2H5OH)的沸点为78.4℃。
化学性质 酮的亲核加成反应氢化:在一定条件下,如在钯催化剂的作用下,酮可以被还原为醇。
硼氢化:使用硼烷衍生物(如LiBH4)作为还原剂,可将酮转化为伯醇。
在高温或酸性条件下,酮可以发生分子内脱水生成α,β-不饱和羰基化合物。这一过程也称为Wittig反应的一种特例。
应用领域医药:许多药物含有酮结构。
香料与调味剂:多种芳香物质为酮类化合物,例如肉桂醛、茴香脑等。
溶剂:丙酮广泛用于各种化学合成和工业过程中作为溶剂。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 乙酰丙酮 | acetylacetone | 123-54-6 | C5H8O2 |
| 丹参酚酮 | (S)-2,3,4,4a-tetrahydro-5,6-dihydroxy-1,1,4a-trimethyl-7-(1-methylethyl)-9(1H)-phenanthrenone | 120278-22-0 | C20H26O3 |
| 丙酮腈 | Acetyl cyanide | 631-57-2 | C3H3NO |
| 丙酮-2-13C | [2-(13C)]acetone | 3881-06-9 | C3H6O |
| 丙酮-13C3 | <sup>13</sup>C<sub>3</sub>-acetone | 93628-01-4 | C3H6O |
| 丙酮-1,3-13C2 | [1,3-13C2]-acetone | 7217-25-6 | C3H6O |
| 三唑啉酮 | 5-methyl-2-phenyl-2,4-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazol-3-one | 22863-24-7 | C9H9N3O |
| 一氯二氟苯乙酮 | 2-chloro-2,2-difluoroacetophenone | 384-67-8 | C8H5ClF2O |
| β.-核-六吡喃糖,1,6-脱水-3-脱氧-4-O-甲基-2-O-3-(三氟甲基)苯基甲基- | [(I.2-Ethenyl)trimethylsilane](1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoro-2,4-pentanedionato-I masculineO2,I masculineO4)copper | 139566-53-3 | C10H13CuF6O2Si |
| β-氯代丁酮 | 4-chloro-2-butanone | 6322-49-2 | C4H7ClO |
| α-溴代邻溴苯乙酮 | 2-Amino-1-(2-bromo-phenyl)-ethanone; hydrochloride | 876063-70-6 | C8H8BrNO*ClH |
| Δ5(10),6,8(9)-D-(-)-炔诺孕酮 | Levonorgestrel Impurity W | 155683-59-3 | C21H24O2 |
| rac-1-(3-氯苯基)-2-乙酰氧基丙烷-1-酮 | rac-1-(3-chlorophenyl)-2-acetoxypropan-1-one | 376346-55-3 | C11H11ClO3 |
| p-[4,8-二氨基-1,5-二羟基-9,10-二氢-9,10-二羰基-2-蒽基]苯基苯酸酯 | Quino[2,3-b]acridine-6,7,13,14(5H,12H)-tetrone, 4,11-dichloro- | 2389-75-5 | C20H8Cl2N2O4 |
| [(氟磺酰基)亚氨基]甲酮 | fluorosulfonyl isocyanate | 1495-51-8 | CFNO3S |
| [7-乙酰氧基-2-(4-乙酰氧基苯基)-4-氧代苯并吡喃-5-基]乙酸酯 | apigenin triacetate | 3316-46-9 | C21H16O8 |
| [6]-去氢姜酮 | (E)-<6>-dehydrogingerdione | 76060-35-0 | C17H22O4 |
| [4’-丙基-1,1’-二环己基]-4-酮 | 4-(4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexanone | 87625-09-0 | C15H26O |
| [4-(2-羟基乙氧基)苯基]-苯基甲酮 | (4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl)(phenyl)methanone | 14814-17-6 | C15H14O3 |
| [4-(2-乙基己氧基)-2-羟基苯基]-苯基甲酮 | 2-Hydroxy-4-(2-ethyl-hexyloxy)-benzophenon | 2549-90-8 | C21H26O3 |
| [3,5-双(4-氟苯甲酰基)苯基](4-氟苯基)甲酮 | [3,5-bis(4-fluorobenzoyl)phenyl](4-fluorophenyl)methanone | 267668-44-0 | C27H15F3O3 |
| [2-羟基-4-(苯基甲氧基)苯基]苯基-甲酮 | 2-Hydroxy-4-benzyloxybenzophenon | 6079-76-1 | C20H16O3 |
| [2-[(3S,8S,9S,10R,13S,14S,16R,17S)-3-羟基-10,13,16-三甲基-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-十二氢-1H-环戊并[a]菲-17-基]-2-氧代乙基]乙酸酯 | 21-acetoxy-3β-hydroxy-16α-methyl-pregn-5-en-20-one | 1173-09-7 | C24H36O4 |
| [2-(三氟甲基)-4-氨基苯基](4-甲基-1-哌嗪基)甲酮 | (4-amino-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methanone | 853297-04-8 | C13H16F3N3O |
| [(9-氧代-9H-噻吨-2-基)氧基]乙酸 | 2-[(9-oxo-9H-thioxanthen-2-yl)oxy]-acetic acid | 84434-05-9 | C15H10O4S |
| N3-(4-甲氧基苄基)-5-氟尿嘧啶 | N<sup>3</sup>-(4-methoxybenzyl)-5-fluorouracil | 104861-45-2 | C12H11FN2O3 |
| N-(3-氯-4-氟苯基)-7-甲氧基-6-氨基喹唑啉-4-胺 | N<sup>4</sup>-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-7-methoxyquinazoline-4,6-diamine | 179552-75-1 | C15H12ClFN4O |
| N-辛基吡咯烷酮 | 1-n-octyl-2-pyrrolidinone | 2687-94-7 | C12H23NO |
| N-羟乙基-2-吡咯烷酮 | 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-pyrrolidinone | 3445-11-2 | C6H11NO2 |
| N-甲基-4-哌啶酮 | 1-Methyl-4-piperidone | 1445-73-4 | C6H11NO |
| N-去甲米非司酮 | Ru42633 | 104004-96-8 | C28H33NO2 |
| N-十二烷基吡咯烷酮 | 1-dodecyl-2-pyrrolidinone | 2687-96-9 | C16H31NO |
| N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮 | 1-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone | 88-12-0 | C6H9NO |
| N-乙氧基羰基甲基吖啶酮 | ethyl 2-(9-oxoacridin-10(9H)-yl)acetate | 38609-90-4 | C17H15NO3 |
| N-丙酮基邻苯二甲酰亚胺 | N-acetonylphthalimide | 3416-57-7 | C11H9NO3 |
| N-Cbz-3-吡咯烷酮 | benzyl 3-oxopyrrolidine-1-carboxylate | 130312-02-6 | C12H13NO3 |
| N-Boc-3-氮杂环庚酮 | tert-butyl 3-oxoazepane-1-carboxylate | 870842-23-2 | C11H19NO3 |
| L-木酮糖 | L-xylulose | 527-50-4 | C5H10O5 |
| Des-(N-甲基-5-四唑硫醇)呋内酯头孢哌酮 | Des-(N-methyl-5-tetrazolethiolyl)furolactone Cefoperazone | 73240-08-1 | C23H23N5O8S |
| D-赤藓酮糖 | D-erythrulose | 496-55-9 | C4H8O4 |
| D-葡庚酮糖 | DL-<i>gluco</i>-[2]Heptulose | 5349-37-1 | C7H14O7 |
| D-胡椒酮 | (S)-(+)-piperitone | 6091-50-5 | C10H16O |
| D-(+)-(2-氯苯)甘氨酸 | 1,5-diacetyl 2,4-dioxo-hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine | 86320-44-7 | C7H9N3O4 |
| C11全氟酮 | 1,1,1,2,4,5,5,5-octafluoro-2,4-bis(1,1,2,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropoxy)pentan-3-one | 67118-49-4 | C11F22O3 |
| Beta-大马酮 | 1-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2-buten-1-one | 35044-68-9 | C13H20O |
| Alpha-甲基紫罗兰酮 | (R,E)-1-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-enyl)pent-1-en-3-one | 127-42-4 | C14H22O |
| Alpha-溴代对羟基苯丙酮 | 2-bromo-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-1-one | 53946-87-5 | C9H9BrO2 |
| A-[(氨基羰基)硫代]-4-[2-(5-乙基-2-吡啶)乙氧基]苯丙酸乙酯 | (+/-)-ethyl-2-carbamoylthio-3-[4-[2-(5-ethyl-2-pyridyl) ethoxy]phenyl]propanoate | 868754-41-0 | C21H26N2O4S |
| 9-苄基-9-氮杂双环[3.3.1]壬烷-3-酮 | 9-benzyl-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-one | 2291-58-9 | C15H19NO |
| 9-苄基-9-氮杂双环[3.3.1]壬-3-酮 | N-9-benzyl[3.3.1]9-azabicyclononan-3-one hydrochloride | 2291-59-0 | C15H19NO*ClH |