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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 有机原料 酮类化合物

    酮类化合物

    酮类化合物 定义与结构

    酮类化合物是一类有机化合物，其分子中至少含有一个羰基（C=O），并且这个羰基被两个碳原子所包围。通式为R1-C(=O)-R2，其中R1和R2可以是任何烷基或芳基等碳基团。酮的命名通常以烷基作为前缀，并按照取代基的顺序进行排列。

    物理性质

    酮类化合物具有较低的沸点，这是因为它们的分子间相互作用力相对较弱。例如，丙酮（CH3COCH3）的沸点约为56℃，而乙醇（C2H5OH）的沸点为78.4℃。

    化学性质 酮的亲核加成反应
    • 羟醛缩合：酮可以参与与烯烃或醛的羟醛缩合反应。
    羰基的还原

    • 氢化：在一定条件下，如在钯催化剂的作用下，酮可以被还原为醇。

    • 硼氢化：使用硼烷衍生物（如LiBH4）作为还原剂，可将酮转化为伯醇。

    脱水反应

    在高温或酸性条件下，酮可以发生分子内脱水生成α,β-不饱和羰基化合物。这一过程也称为Wittig反应的一种特例。

    应用领域

    • 医药：许多药物含有酮结构。

    • 香料与调味剂：多种芳香物质为酮类化合物，例如肉桂醛、茴香脑等。

    • 溶剂：丙酮广泛用于各种化学合成和工业过程中作为溶剂。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 4-(trans-4'-n-Pentylcyclohexyl)cyclohexanone 84868-02-0 C17H30O
    4-(trans-4'-n-Pentylcyclohexyl)cyclohexanone
    —— 3-methoxy-(9β)-estra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-one 1091-94-7 C19H24O2
    3-methoxy-(9β)-estra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-one
    —— <i>rac</i>-3-methoxy-8α,13α-estra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-one 1091-94-7 C19H24O2
    <i>rac</i>-3-methoxy-8α,13α-estra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-one
    —— (+/-)-3-methoxyestrone 1091-94-7 C19H24O2
    (+/-)-3-methoxyestrone
    —— (13R)-3-methoxy-13-methyl-7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16-octahydro-6H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-one 1091-94-7 C19H24O2
    (13R)-3-methoxy-13-methyl-7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16-octahydro-6H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-one
    —— (8S,9S,13R,14R)-3-methoxy-13-methyl-7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16-octahydro-6H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-one 1091-94-7 C19H24O2
    (8S,9S,13R,14R)-3-methoxy-13-methyl-7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16-octahydro-6H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-one
    —— <i>rac</i>-3-methoxy-estra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-one 1091-94-7 C19H24O2
    <i>rac</i>-3-methoxy-estra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-one
    —— 4-amino-1-cyclopropylpyrimidin-2(1H)-one 58196-50-2 C7H9N3O
    4-amino-1-cyclopropylpyrimidin-2(1H)-one
    —— 19-Hydroxy-3,17-dioxo-androsten-(4) 510-64-5 C19H26O3
    19-Hydroxy-3,17-dioxo-androsten-(4)
    —— (2-bromophenyl)(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methanone 92739-90-7 C13H8BrClO2
    (2-bromophenyl)(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methanone
    —— 2-ethynyl-2-methylcyclohexanone 65691-72-7 C9H12O
    2-ethynyl-2-methylcyclohexanone
    —— 3-amino-6-fluoro-4H-chromen-4-one 1204351-68-7 C9H6FNO2
    3-amino-6-fluoro-4H-chromen-4-one
    —— bis(2-oxopropyl)phenylphosphine oxide 37506-13-1 C12H15O3P
    bis(2-oxopropyl)phenylphosphine oxide
    —— 4-<(2)H3>acetylpyridine 63524-81-2 C7H7NO
    4-<(2)H3>acetylpyridine
    —— 2-(2-fluoro-2-(piperidin-4-ylidene)ethyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione 849701-07-1 C15H15FN2O2
    2-(2-fluoro-2-(piperidin-4-ylidene)ethyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione
    —— 1,2-di(6-acetylpyrid-2-yl)ethyne 874379-29-0 C16H12N2O2
    1,2-di(6-acetylpyrid-2-yl)ethyne
    —— sodium 4-amino-N-(4-methylphenyl)naphthalimide-3-sulfonate 2391-30-2 C19H13N2O5S*Na
    sodium 4-amino-N-(4-methylphenyl)naphthalimide-3-sulfonate
    —— 13-ethyl-17-ethynyl-3-methoxy-7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16-octahydro-6H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-ol 852-82-4 C22H28O2
    13-ethyl-17-ethynyl-3-methoxy-7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16-octahydro-6H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-ol
    —— trans-4'-(p-tolyl)-[1,1'-Bi(cyclohexan)]-4-one 125962-80-3 C19H26O
    trans-4'-(p-tolyl)-[1,1'-Bi(cyclohexan)]-4-one
    —— (5-bromo-2-methylphenyl)(4-chlorophenyl)methanone 1500921-65-2 C14H10BrClO
    (5-bromo-2-methylphenyl)(4-chlorophenyl)methanone
    —— 6,7-dibromo-1-methyl-1H-pyrido[2,3-b][1,4]oxazin-2(3H)-one 1313441-47-2 C8H6Br2N2O2
    6,7-dibromo-1-methyl-1H-pyrido[2,3-b][1,4]oxazin-2(3H)-one
    —— (E)-5-cyclohexadecen-1-one 37609-25-9 C16H28O
    (E)-5-cyclohexadecen-1-one
    —— [2-(3-hydroxy-10,13,16-trimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)-2-oxoethyl] acetate 1173-09-7 C24H36O4
    [2-(3-hydroxy-10,13,16-trimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)-2-oxoethyl] acetate
    —— (S,E)-1-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-enyl)pent-1-en-3-one 127-42-4 C14H22O
    (S,E)-1-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-enyl)pent-1-en-3-one
    —— 2-(2-oxobutyl)cyclohexane-1,3-dione 24836-98-4 C10H14O3
    2-(2-oxobutyl)cyclohexane-1,3-dione
    —— 5-bromo-1-ethyl-1<i>H</i>-pyrimidine-2,4-dione 36387-90-3 C6H7BrN2O2
    5-bromo-1-ethyl-1<i>H</i>-pyrimidine-2,4-dione
    —— (+/-)-6.7-Epi-aristolon 3293-43-4 C15H22O
    (+/-)-6.7-Epi-aristolon
    —— candidine 97457-31-3 C23H13N3O2
    candidine
    —— (2Z,6Z)-diisozerumbone 471-05-6 C15H22O
    (2Z,6Z)-diisozerumbone
    —— 6-amino-7-hydroxyindan-1-one hydrobromide 1000333-87-8 BrH*C9H9NO2
    6-amino-7-hydroxyindan-1-one hydrobromide
    —— 1-(m-tolyl)prop-2-en-1-one 51594-61-7 C10H10O
    1-(m-tolyl)prop-2-en-1-one
    —— 1-(2',6',6'-trimethyl-2'-cyclohexenyl)-3-buten-1-one 31089-90-4 C13H20O
    1-(2',6',6'-trimethyl-2'-cyclohexenyl)-3-buten-1-one
    —— 1-Cyclopropyl-2-(3-methoxy-phenylsulfanyl)-ethanone 90359-86-7 C12H14O2S
    1-Cyclopropyl-2-(3-methoxy-phenylsulfanyl)-ethanone
    —— 1-(4-ethyl-phenyl)-2-bromo-propan-1-one 100125-88-0 C11H13BrO
    1-(4-ethyl-phenyl)-2-bromo-propan-1-one
    —— 3-Oxovaleriansaeurenitril 33279-01-5 C6H7NO2
    3-Oxovaleriansaeurenitril
    —— 2-allyl-1H-indene-3(2H)-dione 73583-77-4 C12H10O2
    2-allyl-1H-indene-3(2H)-dione
    —— 1-[4-(furo[3,2-c]pyridin-4-yloxy)-2-methylphenyl]propan-1-one 1609581-18-1 C17H15NO3
    1-[4-(furo[3,2-c]pyridin-4-yloxy)-2-methylphenyl]propan-1-one
    —— (Z)-3-(dimethylamino)-1-(4-nitrophenyl)prop-2-en-1-one 68760-11-2 C11H12N2O3
    (Z)-3-(dimethylamino)-1-(4-nitrophenyl)prop-2-en-1-one
    —— (2E)-2-(thiophen-2-ylmethylidene)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one 5706-21-8 C14H10OS
    (2E)-2-(thiophen-2-ylmethylidene)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one
    —— rac-(1S,6S)-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-2-one 6705-49-3 C6H8O2
    rac-(1S,6S)-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-2-one
    —— 1-(6-methoxybenzisoxazol-3-yl)benzimidazole-2-one 877681-19-1 C15H11N3O3
    1-(6-methoxybenzisoxazol-3-yl)benzimidazole-2-one
    —— (R)-7-bromo-2-methyl-2H-benzo[b][1,4]oxazin-3(4H)-one 1245708-20-6 C9H8BrNO2
    (R)-7-bromo-2-methyl-2H-benzo[b][1,4]oxazin-3(4H)-one
    —— (2-amino-4-fluorophenyl)(phenyl)methanone 50817-53-3 C13H10FNO
    (2-amino-4-fluorophenyl)(phenyl)methanone
    —— 5-bromo-1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)pyridin-2(1H)-one 1193335-01-1 C9H12BrNO2
    5-bromo-1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)pyridin-2(1H)-one
    —— cyclohexyl(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methanone 22168-70-3 C15H20O3
    cyclohexyl(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methanone
    —— (6Z)-6,10-dimethyl-3-propan-2-ylidenecyclodec-6-ene-1,4-dione 38230-32-9 C15H22O2
    (6Z)-6,10-dimethyl-3-propan-2-ylidenecyclodec-6-ene-1,4-dione
    —— 2-chloro-1-(2,6-difluorophenyl)ethanone 929249-84-3 C8H5ClF2O
    2-chloro-1-(2,6-difluorophenyl)ethanone
    —— 4,7-difluoro-3-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one 61317-71-3 C10H8F2O
    4,7-difluoro-3-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one
    —— 1,3-dimethyl-7-phenyl-3-((phenylsulfonyl)methyl)indolin-2-one 1588429-91-7 C23H21NO3S
    1,3-dimethyl-7-phenyl-3-((phenylsulfonyl)methyl)indolin-2-one
    —— 1,3-dimethyl-3-((phenylsulfonyl)methyl)indolin-2-one 1446402-72-7 C17H17NO3S
    1,3-dimethyl-3-((phenylsulfonyl)methyl)indolin-2-one