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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 有机原料 酮类化合物

    酮类化合物

    酮类化合物 定义与结构

    酮类化合物是一类有机化合物，其分子中至少含有一个羰基（C=O），并且这个羰基被两个碳原子所包围。通式为R1-C(=O)-R2，其中R1和R2可以是任何烷基或芳基等碳基团。酮的命名通常以烷基作为前缀，并按照取代基的顺序进行排列。

    物理性质

    酮类化合物具有较低的沸点，这是因为它们的分子间相互作用力相对较弱。例如，丙酮（CH3COCH3）的沸点约为56℃，而乙醇（C2H5OH）的沸点为78.4℃。

    化学性质 酮的亲核加成反应
    • 羟醛缩合：酮可以参与与烯烃或醛的羟醛缩合反应。
    羰基的还原

    • 氢化：在一定条件下，如在钯催化剂的作用下，酮可以被还原为醇。

    • 硼氢化：使用硼烷衍生物（如LiBH4）作为还原剂，可将酮转化为伯醇。

    脱水反应

    在高温或酸性条件下，酮可以发生分子内脱水生成α,β-不饱和羰基化合物。这一过程也称为Wittig反应的一种特例。

    应用领域

    • 医药：许多药物含有酮结构。

    • 香料与调味剂：多种芳香物质为酮类化合物，例如肉桂醛、茴香脑等。

    • 溶剂：丙酮广泛用于各种化学合成和工业过程中作为溶剂。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 5-methoxy-1, 3-dimethyl-3-((phenylsulfonyl)methyl)indolin-2-one 1588429-78-0 C18H19NO4S
    5-methoxy-1, 3-dimethyl-3-((phenylsulfonyl)methyl)indolin-2-one
    —— [4,4-Bis(3-aminophenoxy)cyclohexa-1,5-dien-1-yl](phenyl)methanone 63948-92-5 C25H22N2O3
    [4,4-Bis(3-aminophenoxy)cyclohexa-1,5-dien-1-yl](phenyl)methanone
    —— 6-chloro-3-hydroxy-3-methyl-2,3-dihydroisoindol-1-one 1440519-60-7 C9H8ClNO
    6-chloro-3-hydroxy-3-methyl-2,3-dihydroisoindol-1-one
    —— 2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-β-carbolin-1-one 19839-48-6 C11H12N2O
    2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-β-carbolin-1-one
    —— 16α,17α-Dihydroxyprogesteron 595-76-6 C21H30O4
    16α,17α-Dihydroxyprogesteron
    —— 1-(4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-2-yl)ethan-1-one 1236144-17-4 C7H5F3N2O
    1-(4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-2-yl)ethan-1-one
    —— 3-[3-(4-Chlorophenyl)prop-2-enoyl]-2-hydroxycyclohepta-2,4,6-trien-1-one 249260-01-3 C16H11ClO3
    3-[3-(4-Chlorophenyl)prop-2-enoyl]-2-hydroxycyclohepta-2,4,6-trien-1-one
    —— 3,4-diiodo-N-benzylmaleimide 853649-55-5 C11H7I2NO2
    3,4-diiodo-N-benzylmaleimide
    —— 2-(1,4-dioxan-2-yl)-1-phenylethan-1-one 1166996-31-1 C12H14O3
    2-(1,4-dioxan-2-yl)-1-phenylethan-1-one
    —— 2-methyl-6,7-dihydrocyclopenta[e]indazol-8(2H)-one 1037840-94-0 C11H10N2O
    2-methyl-6,7-dihydrocyclopenta[e]indazol-8(2H)-one
    —— 4-chloro-6-fluoro-1-methylquinolin-2(1H)-one 1613289-30-7 C10H7ClFNO
    4-chloro-6-fluoro-1-methylquinolin-2(1H)-one
    —— 1-(6-Bromo-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)ethanone 2089311-04-4 C8H5BrF3NO
    1-(6-Bromo-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)ethanone
    —— 2-(2-Fluorophenyl)-2-(methylamino)cyclohexan-1-one;hydrochloride 111982-49-1 C13H17ClFNO
    2-(2-Fluorophenyl)-2-(methylamino)cyclohexan-1-one;hydrochloride
    —— 3-(Trifluoroacetyl)piperidin-2-one 1281972-44-8 C7H8F3NO2
    3-(Trifluoroacetyl)piperidin-2-one
    —— 7-iodo-4,4-dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-naphtalen-1-one 166977-96-4 C12H13IO
    7-iodo-4,4-dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-naphtalen-1-one
    —— 2-(methoxymethyl)cyclohex-2-enone 83135-30-2 C8H12O2
    2-(methoxymethyl)cyclohex-2-enone
    —— (2,6-dichloropyridin-4-yl)(phenyl)methanone 1353056-47-9 C12H7Cl2NO
    (2,6-dichloropyridin-4-yl)(phenyl)methanone
    —— 6-chloro-1H-indene-1,2(3H)-dione 1223532-22-6 C9H5ClO2
    6-chloro-1H-indene-1,2(3H)-dione
    —— 3,3,3-trifluoro-1-(o-tolyl)propan-1-one 1249478-38-3 C10H9F3O
    3,3,3-trifluoro-1-(o-tolyl)propan-1-one
    —— 1-(5-Hydroxy-3-methoxypyridin-2-yl)ethanone 1256807-12-1 C8H9NO3
    1-(5-Hydroxy-3-methoxypyridin-2-yl)ethanone
    —— (8R,9S,13S,14S,17R)-17-ethenyl-17-hydroxy-13-methyl-1,2,4,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one 72-10-6 C20H28O2
    (8R,9S,13S,14S,17R)-17-ethenyl-17-hydroxy-13-methyl-1,2,4,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one
    —— N-[1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethylideneamino]-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide 543710-24-3 C15H16N2O3S
    N-[1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethylideneamino]-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide
    —— 17β-Hydroxy-13β-ethyl-17α-ethinyl-gonen-(4) 32419-58-2 C21H30O
    17β-Hydroxy-13β-ethyl-17α-ethinyl-gonen-(4)
    —— 2,3,3-trifluoro-1-phenyl-propenone 708-87-2 C9H5F3O
    2,3,3-trifluoro-1-phenyl-propenone
    —— 1-(2,4-dihydroxy-3-iodo-phenyl)-2-methyl-propan-1-one 1204737-60-9 C10H11IO3
    1-(2,4-dihydroxy-3-iodo-phenyl)-2-methyl-propan-1-one
    —— Bis[(1,2-I.)-cyclooctene](2,4-pentanedionato-I masculineO2,I masculineO4)rhodium 34767-55-0 C21H35O2Rh-
    Bis[(1,2-I.)-cyclooctene](2,4-pentanedionato-I masculineO2,I masculineO4)rhodium
    —— 4-Chlor-9β,10α-pregna-4,6-dien-3,20-dion (4-Chlor-duphaston) 4203-00-3 C21H27ClO2
    4-Chlor-9β,10α-pregna-4,6-dien-3,20-dion (4-Chlor-duphaston)
    —— 7-Amino-4H-benzo[d][1,3]dioxin-4-one 1591954-17-4 C8H7NO3
    7-Amino-4H-benzo[d][1,3]dioxin-4-one
    —— 17β-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-13β-ethyl-17α-ethinyl-gonatrien-<1,3,5(10)> 14009-70-2 C22H28O2
    17β-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-13β-ethyl-17α-ethinyl-gonatrien-<1,3,5(10)>
    —— (5Z,9Z,13Z)-6,10,14,18-tetramethylnonadeca-5,9,13,17-tetraen-2-one 3796-63-2 C23H38O
    (5Z,9Z,13Z)-6,10,14,18-tetramethylnonadeca-5,9,13,17-tetraen-2-one
    —— (E)-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)but-2-en-1-one 1087399-25-4 C11H12O2
    (E)-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)but-2-en-1-one
    —— Tin(II) hexafluoroacetylacetonate 112131-28-9 C10H2F12O4Sn
    Tin(II) hexafluoroacetylacetonate
    —— 2-(dimethyl(oxo)-λ<sup>6</sup>-sulfaneylidene)- 1-phenylethan-1-one 20718-17-6 C10H12O2S
    2-(dimethyl(oxo)-λ<sup>6</sup>-sulfaneylidene)- 1-phenylethan-1-one
    —— 1-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)ethanone 1182824-97-0 C12H13ClO2
    1-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)ethanone
    —— 3-(6-amino-1-oxoisoindolin-2-yl)piperidine-2,6-dione 191732-74-8 C13H13N3O3
    3-(6-amino-1-oxoisoindolin-2-yl)piperidine-2,6-dione
    —— bis(hexafluoroacetylacetonato)cobalt 19648-83-0 C10H2CoF12O4
    bis(hexafluoroacetylacetonato)cobalt
    —— gadolinium(III) acetylacetonate 14284-87-8 C15H21GdO6
    gadolinium(III) acetylacetonate
    —— cadmium acetylacetonate 14689-45-3 C10H14CdO4
    cadmium acetylacetonate
    —— (±)-7,8-dihydroxy-3-methyl-isochromanone-4 945619-75-0 C10H10O4
    (±)-7,8-dihydroxy-3-methyl-isochromanone-4
    —— 3-Phenyl-5-sulfanyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thione potassium 6336-51-2 C8H6KN2S3
    3-Phenyl-5-sulfanyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thione potassium
    —— 3-(Cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-YL)-1-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-EN-1-one 1088-08-0 C15H14O4
    3-(Cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-YL)-1-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-EN-1-one
    —— Bismuthiol II, potassium salt 6336-51-2 C8H6KN2S3+
    Bismuthiol II, potassium salt
    —— (+)-Volkensiflavone 27542-37-6 C30H20O10
    (+)-Volkensiflavone
    —— 1,1,2-Trimethylaziridin-1-ium;chloride 1438527-99-1 C5H12N*Cl
    1,1,2-Trimethylaziridin-1-ium;chloride
    —— (Z)-3,4,5,6,6-Pentamethylhept-3-en-2-one 81786-73-4 C12H22O
    (Z)-3,4,5,6,6-Pentamethylhept-3-en-2-one
    —— [(1S,2R,4S,10R,11R,16R)-6-(Furan-3-yl)-1,7,11,15,15-pentamethyl-5,14-dioxo-3-oxapentacyclo[8.8.0.02,4.02,7.011,16]octadec-12-en-18-yl] acetate 18385-59-6 C28H34O6
    [(1S,2R,4S,10R,11R,16R)-6-(Furan-3-yl)-1,7,11,15,15-pentamethyl-5,14-dioxo-3-oxapentacyclo[8.8.0.02,4.02,7.011,16]octadec-12-en-18-yl] acetate
    —— 1-[(2R,5S,7R,8S)-2,6,6,8-tetramethyl-8-tricyclo[5.3.1.01,5]undecanyl]ethanone 73398-84-2 C17H28O
    1-[(2R,5S,7R,8S)-2,6,6,8-tetramethyl-8-tricyclo[5.3.1.01,5]undecanyl]ethanone
    —— cis-1-Acetyl-2-methylcyclohexan 5222-62-8 C9H16O
    cis-1-Acetyl-2-methylcyclohexan
    —— 4-(Ethylnitrosoamino)-4-methylpentan-2-one 5569-45-9 C8H16N2O2
    4-(Ethylnitrosoamino)-4-methylpentan-2-one
    —— ethyl 2-(1,1-dioxothiolan-3-yl)-3-oxo-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate 51986-04-0 C10H14N2O5S
    ethyl 2-(1,1-dioxothiolan-3-yl)-3-oxo-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate