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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 有机原料 酮类化合物

    酮类化合物

    酮类化合物 定义与结构

    酮类化合物是一类有机化合物，其分子中至少含有一个羰基（C=O），并且这个羰基被两个碳原子所包围。通式为R1-C(=O)-R2，其中R1和R2可以是任何烷基或芳基等碳基团。酮的命名通常以烷基作为前缀，并按照取代基的顺序进行排列。

    物理性质

    酮类化合物具有较低的沸点，这是因为它们的分子间相互作用力相对较弱。例如，丙酮（CH3COCH3）的沸点约为56℃，而乙醇（C2H5OH）的沸点为78.4℃。

    化学性质 酮的亲核加成反应
    • 羟醛缩合：酮可以参与与烯烃或醛的羟醛缩合反应。
    羰基的还原

    • 氢化：在一定条件下，如在钯催化剂的作用下，酮可以被还原为醇。

    • 硼氢化：使用硼烷衍生物（如LiBH4）作为还原剂，可将酮转化为伯醇。

    脱水反应

    在高温或酸性条件下，酮可以发生分子内脱水生成α,β-不饱和羰基化合物。这一过程也称为Wittig反应的一种特例。

    应用领域

    • 医药：许多药物含有酮结构。

    • 香料与调味剂：多种芳香物质为酮类化合物，例如肉桂醛、茴香脑等。

    • 溶剂：丙酮广泛用于各种化学合成和工业过程中作为溶剂。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 1-benzyl-3-methyl-3-((phenylsulfonyl)methyl)indolin-2-one 1588429-88-2 C23H21NO3S
    1-benzyl-3-methyl-3-((phenylsulfonyl)methyl)indolin-2-one
    —— 9-hydroxy-4-methyl-benzo[<i>h</i>]chromen-2-one 106782-31-4 C14H10O3
    9-hydroxy-4-methyl-benzo[<i>h</i>]chromen-2-one
    —— dodecane-2,4-dione 65351-33-9 C12H22O2
    dodecane-2,4-dione
    —— bromomethylbenzophenone 59310-31-5 C14H11BrO
    bromomethylbenzophenone
    —— 6'-amino-2',3'-dimethoxyacetophenone 98300-41-5 C10H13NO3
    6'-amino-2',3'-dimethoxyacetophenone
    —— 3,5,5-Trimethyl-2-cyclohexenone tosylhydrazone 21195-62-0 C16H22N2O2S
    3,5,5-Trimethyl-2-cyclohexenone tosylhydrazone
    —— (E)-1-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)but-2-en-1-one 1360924-07-7 C11H9F3O
    (E)-1-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)but-2-en-1-one
    —— trans-Desacetylketoconazole 67914-61-8 C24H26Cl2N4O3
    trans-Desacetylketoconazole
    —— 1,7-diphenylhept-4-en-3-one 79559-59-4 C19H20O
    1,7-diphenylhept-4-en-3-one
    —— bicyclo<3.2.1>octan-2-one 5019-82-9 C8H12O
    bicyclo<3.2.1>octan-2-one
    —— 3-ethoxy-4-tert-butylamino-cyclobut-3-ene-1,2-dione 186184-26-9 C10H15NO3
    3-ethoxy-4-tert-butylamino-cyclobut-3-ene-1,2-dione
    —— (S)-2-(1-aminoethyl)-5-fluoro-3-phenylquinazolin-4(3H)-one 1615255-70-3 C16H14FN3O
    (S)-2-(1-aminoethyl)-5-fluoro-3-phenylquinazolin-4(3H)-one
    —— 4',5''-diacetyldibenzo-18-crown-6 67722-65-0 C24H28O8
    4',5''-diacetyldibenzo-18-crown-6
    —— 3,6-dimethyl-5-nitrouracil 27889-92-5 C6H7N3O4
    3,6-dimethyl-5-nitrouracil
    —— 15-hydroxypentadecan-2-one 501666-53-1 C15H30O2
    15-hydroxypentadecan-2-one
    —— 3,6-dibromo-1-methylquinolin-2(1H)-one 954416-51-4 C10H7Br2NO
    3,6-dibromo-1-methylquinolin-2(1H)-one
    —— rac-trans-3-hydroxy-2-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-4-one 1621-55-2 C15H12O3
    rac-trans-3-hydroxy-2-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-4-one
    —— N-Oxytriacetoneamine Glycerol Ketal 150980-90-8 C12H22NO4
    N-Oxytriacetoneamine Glycerol Ketal
    —— (Z)-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)dec-1-ene-3,5-dione 76060-35-0 C17H22O4
    (Z)-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)dec-1-ene-3,5-dione
    —— Samarium2,4-pentanedionate 14589-42-5 C15H21O6Sm
    Samarium2,4-pentanedionate
    —— Cerium, tris(2,4-pentanedionato-kappaO2,kappaO4)-, (OC-6-11)- 15653-01-7 C15H21CeO6
    Cerium, tris(2,4-pentanedionato-kappaO2,kappaO4)-, (OC-6-11)-
    —— 2-amino-3-phenylquinazolin-4(3H)-one 32000-62-7 C14H11N3O
    2-amino-3-phenylquinazolin-4(3H)-one
    —— 1,2-cis-bis(methanesulfonyloxymethyl)cyclohexane 66347-68-0 C10H20O6S2
    1,2-cis-bis(methanesulfonyloxymethyl)cyclohexane
    —— 3-(tert-butyl)-2H-chromen-2-one 122271-13-0 C13H14O2
    3-(tert-butyl)-2H-chromen-2-one
    —— 1,5-bis(4-nitrophenyl)-1,4-pentadien-3-one 25288-75-9 C17H12N2O5
    1,5-bis(4-nitrophenyl)-1,4-pentadien-3-one
    —— (3R,7aR)-7a-benzyloxymethyl-3-trichloromethyl-tetrahydro-pyrrolo[1,2-c]oxazol-1-one 956580-27-1 C15H16Cl3NO3
    (3R,7aR)-7a-benzyloxymethyl-3-trichloromethyl-tetrahydro-pyrrolo[1,2-c]oxazol-1-one
    —— 2-methylenecyclohexanone 3045-98-5 C7H10O
    2-methylenecyclohexanone
    —— 1-(3-fluorophenyl)-2,3-butadien-1-one 1223611-94-6 C10H7FO
    1-(3-fluorophenyl)-2,3-butadien-1-one
    —— 3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propan-1-one 86383-39-3 C17H18O4
    3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propan-1-one
    —— 3-(((4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl)methyl)-1,3-dimethylindolin-2-one 1613024-17-1 C18H19NO4S
    3-(((4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl)methyl)-1,3-dimethylindolin-2-one
    —— (2-amino-4-chlorophenyl)cyclohexylmethanone 916510-26-4 C13H16ClNO
    (2-amino-4-chlorophenyl)cyclohexylmethanone
    —— 3-Pentanone, 1,5-bis(diphenylphosphinyl)- 477566-16-8 C29H28O3P2
    3-Pentanone, 1,5-bis(diphenylphosphinyl)-
    —— (3aS,6aR)-3,3a,6,6a-Tetrahydro-2H-1-oxapentalen-2-one 54483-22-6 C7H8O2
    (3aS,6aR)-3,3a,6,6a-Tetrahydro-2H-1-oxapentalen-2-one
    —— (-)-dihydropyrocurzerenone 59462-26-9 C15H18O
    (-)-dihydropyrocurzerenone
    —— cobalt;(Z)-5,5,5-trifluoro-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one 16092-38-9 C10H10CoF6O4
    cobalt;(Z)-5,5,5-trifluoro-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one
    —— 2,6,9,9-Tetramethylcycloundeca-2,6,10-trien-1-one 471-05-6 C15H22O
    2,6,9,9-Tetramethylcycloundeca-2,6,10-trien-1-one
    —— N-{4-[4-(Methanesulfonyl)piperazin-1-yl]phenyl}-2-{[1-(2-methylphenyl)-1H-tetrazol-5-yl]sulfanyl}acetamide 5379-16-8 C21H25N7O3S2
    N-{4-[4-(Methanesulfonyl)piperazin-1-yl]phenyl}-2-{[1-(2-methylphenyl)-1H-tetrazol-5-yl]sulfanyl}acetamide
    —— Cerium(III) 4-Oxopent-2-en-2-olate Hydrate 15653-01-7 C15H24CeO6
    Cerium(III) 4-Oxopent-2-en-2-olate Hydrate
    —— Methylcyclopentadecenone 82356-51-2 C16H28O
    Methylcyclopentadecenone
    —— Bis(2,4-pentanedionato)nickel(II) 120156-44-7 C10H18NiO5
    Bis(2,4-pentanedionato)nickel(II)
    —— 7-<D(-)-α-<3-(2-(N-Ethyl-N-oxaloamino)ethyl)ureido>-α-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido>-3-<(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-thiomethyl>-3-cephem-4-carbonsaeure 73240-07-0 C25H29N9O9S2
    7-<D(-)-α-<3-(2-(N-Ethyl-N-oxaloamino)ethyl)ureido>-α-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido>-3-<(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-thiomethyl>-3-cephem-4-carbonsaeure
    —— cerium(3+) bis((2Z)-4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate) 4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate 15653-01-7 C15H21CeO6
    cerium(3+) bis((2Z)-4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate) 4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate
    —— Cobalt(2+); 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoro-4-oxo-2-penten-2-olate 19648-83-0 C10H2CoF12O4
    Cobalt(2+); 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoro-4-oxo-2-penten-2-olate
    —— Cerium;4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one;hydrate 206996-61-4 C15H26CeO7
    Cerium;4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one;hydrate
    —— D-altro-Heptulose 3019-74-7 C7H14O7
    D-altro-Heptulose
    —— 1-butyl-2-imidazolidone 2385-37-7 C7H14N2O
    1-butyl-2-imidazolidone
    —— 1,3-Dimethyl-cyclobutan-dion-(2,4) 4683-57-2 C6H8O2
    1,3-Dimethyl-cyclobutan-dion-(2,4)
    —— (E)-5-methyl-2-hepten-4-one 102322-83-8 C8H14O
    (E)-5-methyl-2-hepten-4-one
    —— 5-((R)-5-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)thiazolidine-2,4-dione 905724-75-6 C12H11NO3S
    5-((R)-5-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)thiazolidine-2,4-dione
    —— 1-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-methylpropan-1-one 875916-50-0 C10H10Cl2O
    1-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-methylpropan-1-one