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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 有机原料 酮类化合物

    酮类化合物

    酮类化合物 定义与结构

    酮类化合物是一类有机化合物，其分子中至少含有一个羰基（C=O），并且这个羰基被两个碳原子所包围。通式为R1-C(=O)-R2，其中R1和R2可以是任何烷基或芳基等碳基团。酮的命名通常以烷基作为前缀，并按照取代基的顺序进行排列。

    物理性质

    酮类化合物具有较低的沸点，这是因为它们的分子间相互作用力相对较弱。例如，丙酮（CH3COCH3）的沸点约为56℃，而乙醇（C2H5OH）的沸点为78.4℃。

    化学性质 酮的亲核加成反应
    • 羟醛缩合：酮可以参与与烯烃或醛的羟醛缩合反应。
    羰基的还原

    • 氢化：在一定条件下，如在钯催化剂的作用下，酮可以被还原为醇。

    • 硼氢化：使用硼烷衍生物（如LiBH4）作为还原剂，可将酮转化为伯醇。

    脱水反应

    在高温或酸性条件下，酮可以发生分子内脱水生成α,β-不饱和羰基化合物。这一过程也称为Wittig反应的一种特例。

    应用领域

    • 医药：许多药物含有酮结构。

    • 香料与调味剂：多种芳香物质为酮类化合物，例如肉桂醛、茴香脑等。

    • 溶剂：丙酮广泛用于各种化学合成和工业过程中作为溶剂。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— Tris(pentane-2,4-dionato-O,O')gadolinium 14284-87-8 C15H21GdO6
    Tris(pentane-2,4-dionato-O,O')gadolinium
    —— 13-Ethyl-3-methoxygona-2,5(10)-dien-17beta-ol 14507-49-4 C20H30O2
    13-Ethyl-3-methoxygona-2,5(10)-dien-17beta-ol
    —— Benzenesulfonamide, 4-methyl-N-(2-(4-oxo-4H-3,1-benzoxazin-2-yl)phenyl)- 3808-20-6 C21H16N2O4S
    Benzenesulfonamide, 4-methyl-N-(2-(4-oxo-4H-3,1-benzoxazin-2-yl)phenyl)-
    —— 3-Tert-butyl-9h-thioxanthen-9-one 5495-87-4 C17H16OS
    3-Tert-butyl-9h-thioxanthen-9-one
    —— 19-Norandrost-5(10)-en-3,17-dion 3962-66-1 C18H24O2
    19-Norandrost-5(10)-en-3,17-dion
    —— (+/-)-17β-Hydroxy-8α-oestr-5(10)-en-3-on 3962-66-1 C18H24O2
    (+/-)-17β-Hydroxy-8α-oestr-5(10)-en-3-on
    —— 19-Nor-androsten-(5(10))-dion-(3,17) 3962-66-1 C18H24O2
    19-Nor-androsten-(5(10))-dion-(3,17)
    —— 7-nitrobenz<d>isothiazol-3(2H)-one 117054-79-2 C7H4N2O3S
    7-nitrobenz<d>isothiazol-3(2H)-one
    —— 8-bromo-3-methylpyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one 1410974-30-9 C8H6BrN3O
    8-bromo-3-methylpyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one
    —— 2-(3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethoxy-phenyl)-3,5,7-trimethoxy-chromen-4-one 33554-66-4 C20H20O8
    2-(3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethoxy-phenyl)-3,5,7-trimethoxy-chromen-4-one
    —— N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-9-thioacridone 1206461-96-2 C18H17NO2S
    N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-9-thioacridone
    —— 3-amino-2-(4-methylbenzoyl)-4,6-dimethylfuro[2,3-b]pyridine 260549-59-5 C17H16N2O2
    3-amino-2-(4-methylbenzoyl)-4,6-dimethylfuro[2,3-b]pyridine
    —— 2-dimethoxyacetyl-cyclopentanone 109018-24-8 C9H14O4
    2-dimethoxyacetyl-cyclopentanone
    —— 4-ethyl-1-phenyl-octane-1,3-dione 112405-99-9 C16H22O2
    4-ethyl-1-phenyl-octane-1,3-dione
    —— (4-vinylbenzyl)-bis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)-phosphine oxide 1261266-73-2 C29H31O3P
    (4-vinylbenzyl)-bis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)-phosphine oxide
    —— (2,3-Dimethoxyphenyl)(2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl)methanone 10487-10-2 C18H20O6
    (2,3-Dimethoxyphenyl)(2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl)methanone
    —— (E)-3-[3-chloro-4-({5-[(2-chlorobenzyl)oxy]pyridin-2-yl}oxy)-5-methylphenyl]-1-[4-(4-ethenylbenzyl)-piperazin-1-yl]prop-2-en-1-one 1322781-43-0 C35H33Cl2N3O3
    (E)-3-[3-chloro-4-({5-[(2-chlorobenzyl)oxy]pyridin-2-yl}oxy)-5-methylphenyl]-1-[4-(4-ethenylbenzyl)-piperazin-1-yl]prop-2-en-1-one
    —— 1-(6-chloropyridin-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropanone 139042-75-4 C10H12ClNO
    1-(6-chloropyridin-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropanone
    —— PPPone 477-48-5 C22H20O8
    PPPone
    —— podophyllotoxone 477-48-5 C22H20O8
    podophyllotoxone
    —— 5(10),9(11)-Oestradien-3,17-dion 2503-06-2 C18H22O2
    5(10),9(11)-Oestradien-3,17-dion
    —— (9-benzyl-3-oxa-9-aza-bicyclo[3.3.1]non-7-ylidene)-acetic acid ethyl ester 81514-40-1 C18H23NO3
    (9-benzyl-3-oxa-9-aza-bicyclo[3.3.1]non-7-ylidene)-acetic acid ethyl ester
    —— 2R,4R-2,4-Dibrom-3-pentanon 815-60-1 C5H8Br2O
    2R,4R-2,4-Dibrom-3-pentanon
    —— p-ethoxyacetophenone 144818-72-4 C11H14O2
    p-ethoxyacetophenone
    —— 5-(Butan-2-yl)-1,3-dimethyl-5-(prop-2-en-1-yl)-1,3-diazinane-2,4,6-trione 115-44-6 C13H20N2O3
    5-(Butan-2-yl)-1,3-dimethyl-5-(prop-2-en-1-yl)-1,3-diazinane-2,4,6-trione
    —— 3-(4-methoxycynnamoyl)tropolone 77633-00-2 C17H14O4
    3-(4-methoxycynnamoyl)tropolone
    —— 2-Hydroxy-3-[3-(4-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]cyclohepta-2,4,6-trien-1-one 77633-00-2 C17H14O4
    2-Hydroxy-3-[3-(4-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]cyclohepta-2,4,6-trien-1-one
    —— 18-hydroxycorticosterone 561-65-9 C21H30O5
    18-hydroxycorticosterone
    —— bixlozone 81777-95-9 C12H13Cl2NO2
    bixlozone
    —— methyl 2,6,6-trimethyl-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate 815580-59-7 C11H18O2
    methyl 2,6,6-trimethyl-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate
    —— 2, 6-bis(4-methoxybenzylidene)cyclohexanone 6275-32-7 C22H22O3
    2, 6-bis(4-methoxybenzylidene)cyclohexanone
    —— (<i>R</i>)-4-<i>tert</i>-butyl-oxazolidine-2,5-dione 3981-38-2 C7H11NO3
    (<i>R</i>)-4-<i>tert</i>-butyl-oxazolidine-2,5-dione
    —— trans-Tetrahydroionon 6138-85-8 C13H24O
    trans-Tetrahydroionon
    —— 1-(2-fluoro-4,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethanone 142265-69-8 C10H11FO3
    1-(2-fluoro-4,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethanone
    —— trans-pentadec-12-en-15-olide 4941-78-0 C15H26O2
    trans-pentadec-12-en-15-olide
    —— N-methyl-7-nitro-2,3-dihydroisoindole-1-one 761440-05-5 C9H8N2O3
    N-methyl-7-nitro-2,3-dihydroisoindole-1-one
    —— 11β-hydroxyprogesterone 600-57-7 C21H30O3
    11β-hydroxyprogesterone
    —— (Z)-4-Oxopent-2-en-2-olate;yttrium(3+);hydrate 207801-29-4 C15H21O6Y*2H2O
    (Z)-4-Oxopent-2-en-2-olate;yttrium(3+);hydrate
    —— 1-(butane-1-sulfonyl)-propan-2-one 91589-37-6 C7H14O3S
    1-(butane-1-sulfonyl)-propan-2-one
    —— (2S,4R)-2-methyl-4-propyl-1,3-oxathiane 59323-76-1 C8H16OS
    (2S,4R)-2-methyl-4-propyl-1,3-oxathiane
    —— trans-1-Acetyl-2-methyl-cyclohexan 5222-61-7 C9H16O
    trans-1-Acetyl-2-methyl-cyclohexan
    —— (+)-2-(1-hydroxy-2-methylamino-ethyl)-phenol 575-81-5 C9H13NO2
    (+)-2-(1-hydroxy-2-methylamino-ethyl)-phenol
    —— Yttrium(III) acetylacetonate hydrate 207801-29-4 C15H26O7Y
    Yttrium(III) acetylacetonate hydrate
    —— 1-(3-(4-(3,4-difluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)piperidine-1-carbonyl)-1,4,5,7-tetrahydro-6H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridin-6-yl)ethan-1-one 1821327-95-0 C21H21F5N4O2
    1-(3-(4-(3,4-difluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)piperidine-1-carbonyl)-1,4,5,7-tetrahydro-6H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridin-6-yl)ethan-1-one
    —— 1,1’-(1,2-dioxoethane-1,2-diyl)bis-1H-benzotriazole 85642-16-6 C14H8N6O2
    1,1’-(1,2-dioxoethane-1,2-diyl)bis-1H-benzotriazole
    —— d<sub>7</sub>-vitamin K<sub>1</sub> 1373049-34-3 C31H46O2
    d<sub>7</sub>-vitamin K<sub>1</sub>
    —— 1-(3-Ethyl-5,6-dimethyl-1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylidene)butan-2-one 2582-24-3 C15H19NOS
    1-(3-Ethyl-5,6-dimethyl-1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylidene)butan-2-one
    —— diethyl (2-(1,2-oxazinan-2-yl)-2-oxoethyl)phosphonate 1329579-40-9 C10H20NO5P
    diethyl (2-(1,2-oxazinan-2-yl)-2-oxoethyl)phosphonate
    —— 6-Chlor-3-isobutyryl-anilin 73420-46-9 C10H12ClNO
    6-Chlor-3-isobutyryl-anilin
    —— 2-Methyl-3-(2-penten-1-yl)-2-Cyclopenten-1-one 11050-62-7 C11H16O
    2-Methyl-3-(2-penten-1-yl)-2-Cyclopenten-1-one