酮类化合物是一类有机化合物,其分子中至少含有一个羰基(C=O),并且这个羰基被两个碳原子所包围。通式为R1-C(=O)-R2,其中R1和R2可以是任何烷基或芳基等碳基团。酮的命名通常以烷基作为前缀,并按照取代基的顺序进行排列。
物理性质酮类化合物具有较低的沸点,这是因为它们的分子间相互作用力相对较弱。例如,丙酮(CH3COCH3)的沸点约为56℃,而乙醇(C2H5OH)的沸点为78.4℃。
化学性质 酮的亲核加成反应氢化:在一定条件下,如在钯催化剂的作用下,酮可以被还原为醇。
硼氢化:使用硼烷衍生物(如LiBH4)作为还原剂,可将酮转化为伯醇。
在高温或酸性条件下,酮可以发生分子内脱水生成α,β-不饱和羰基化合物。这一过程也称为Wittig反应的一种特例。
应用领域医药:许多药物含有酮结构。
香料与调味剂:多种芳香物质为酮类化合物,例如肉桂醛、茴香脑等。
溶剂:丙酮广泛用于各种化学合成和工业过程中作为溶剂。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 7-氨基-2H-1,4-苯并恶嗪-3(4H)-酮 | 7-amino-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one | 26215-14-5 | C8H8N2O2 |
| 7-氨基-2,3-二氢-1-茚酮 | 7-aminoindan-1-one | 628732-03-6 | C9H9NO |
| 7-氧杂二环[4.1.0]庚烷-2-酮 | 7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-2-one | 6705-49-3 | C6H8O2 |
| 7-氟苯并二氢吡喃-4-酮 | 7-fluorochroman-4-one | 113209-68-0 | C9H7FO2 |
| 7-氟-3.4-二氢-4-甲基-2H-1.4-苯并二氮卓-2.5(1H)-二酮 | 7-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-4-methyl-2H-1,4-benzodiazepine-2,5(1H)-dione | 78755-80-3 | C10H9FN2O2 |
| 7-氟-2H-3,1-苯并噁嗪-2,4-二酮 | 7-fluoro-1H-benzo[d][1,3]oxazine-2,4-dione | 321-50-6 | C8H4FNO3 |
| 7-十三酮 | tridecan-7-one | 462-18-0 | C13H26O |
| 7,9-二苯基-8H-环戊并[a]苊烯-8-酮 | acecyclone | 641-57-6 | C27H16O |
| 7,9-二甲基-1,2,3,4-四氢苯并[b]氮杂-5-酮 | 7,9-dimethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-5H-benzo[b]azepin-5-one | 886367-24-4 | C12H15NO |
| 7,8-二甲氧基黄酮 | 7,8-dimethoxyflavone | 65548-54-1 | C17H14O4 |
| 7,8-二甲氧基-1,3,4,5-四氢苯并氮杂卓-2-酮 | 7,8-dimethoxy-1,3,4,5-tetrahydro-2H-benzo[d]azepin-2-one | 20925-64-8 | C12H15NO3 |
| 7,8-二氧杂双环[3.2.1]辛烷-6-酮 | 7-Oxo-6,8-dioxabicyclo<3.2.1>octane | 5257-20-5 | C6H8O3 |
| 7,8,3',4'-四羟基二氢黄酮 | isookanin | 489-73-6 | C15H12O6 |
| 7,7-二氯二环[3.2.0]庚-2-烯-6-酮 | (+/-)-7,7-dichlorobicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-en-6-one | 5307-99-3 | C7H6Cl2O |
| 7,4-二甲氧基黄酮 | 4,7-dimethoxyflavone | 20979-50-4 | C17H14O4 |
| 7,3',5'-三羟基二氢黄酮 | 7,3',5'-Trihydroxyflavanone | 847375-46-6 | C15H12O5 |
| 6-羰基黄体酮 | 6-oxoprogesterone | 2243-08-5 | C21H28O3 |
| 6-羟基-7-甲氧基喹唑啉-4-酮 | 6-hydroxy-7-methoxyquinazolin-4(3H)-one | 179688-52-9 | C9H8N2O3 |
| 6-羟基-6-甲基庚烷-2-酮 | 6-hydroxy-6-methyl-heptan-2-one | 5077-57-6 | C8H16O2 |
| 6-羟基-4-甲基-2-氧代-2H-苯并[h]苯并吡喃 | 6-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-oxo-2H-benzo[h]benzopyran | 72666-32-1 | C14H10O3 |
| 6-羟基-3,4-二氢-2(1H)-喹诺酮 | 3,4-Dihydro-6-hydroxy-2(1H)-quinolinone | 54197-66-9 | C9H9NO2 |
| 6-羟基-2-苯并噁唑啉酮 | 6-hydroxy-benzoxazolin-2(3H)-one | 78213-03-3 | C7H5NO3 |
| 6-羟基-2-(2-苯乙基)色酮 | 6-hydroxy-2-(2-phenylethyl)-4H-chromen-4-one | 84294-90-6 | C17H14O3 |
| 6-羟基-1-茚酮 | 6-hydroxy-1-indanone | 62803-47-8 | C9H8O2 |
| 6-羟基-1-四氢萘酮 | 6-Hydroxy-1-tetralone | 3470-50-6 | C10H10O2 |
| 6-碘-1-茚满酮 | 6-iodo-1-indanone | 14548-40-4 | C9H7IO |
| 6-硝基靛红酸酐 | 5-nitroisatonic anhydride | 20829-97-4 | C8H4N2O5 |
| 6-甲氧基-4-氧代-4H-苯并吡喃-3-甲醛 | 6-methoxy-4-oxo-4H-chromene-3-carbaldehyde | 42059-79-0 | C11H8O4 |
| 6-甲氧基-4-二氢色原酮 | 6-methoxychroman-4-one | 5802-17-5 | C10H10O3 |
| 6-甲氧基-4(1H)-喹唑啉酮 | 6-methoxyquinazolin-4(3H)-one | 19181-64-7 | C9H8N2O2 |
| 6-甲氧基-3,4-二氢-1H-2-萘酮 | 6-methoxy-2-tetralone | 2472-22-2 | C11H12O2 |
| 6-甲基-4-苯并二氢呋喃-4-酮 | 6-methyl-4-chromanone | 39513-75-2 | C10H10O2 |
| 6-甲基-4-苯基色满-2-酮 | 6-methyl-4-phenyl-3,4-dihydrocoumarin | 40546-94-9 | C16H14O2 |
| 6-甲基-3-(1-甲基乙基)-7-氧杂双环[4.1.0]庚烷-2-酮 | piperitone oxide | 5286-38-4 | C10H16O2 |
| 6-甲基-2-庚酮 | 6-methyl-2-heptanone | 928-68-7 | C8H16O |
| 6-甲基-2,4-庚二酮 | 6-methylheptan-2,4-dione | 3002-23-1 | C8H14O2 |
| 6-甲基-2,4(1H,3h)-喹唑啉二酮 | 6-methyl-1H-quinazoline-2,4-dione | 62484-16-6 | C9H8N2O2 |
| 6-环己基-4-甲基-2(1H)-吡啶酮 | 6-cyclohexyl-4-methyl-1H-pyridin-2-one | 67587-24-0 | C12H17NO |
| 6-溴色烯-2-酮 | 6-bromo-2H-chromen-2-one | 19063-55-9 | C9H5BrO2 |
| 6-溴甲基-3,4-二氢-2-甲基-喹唑啉-4-酮 | 4(3H)-oxo-6-(bromomethyl)-2-methyl quinazoline | 112888-43-4 | C10H9BrN2O |
| 6-溴二氮杂萘-1,4-二醇 | 6-bromo-2,3-dihydrophthalazine-1,4-dione | 76240-49-8 | C8H5BrN2O2 |
| 6-溴-4-羟基黄酮 | 6-bromo-4'-hydroxyflavone | 288401-01-4 | C15H9BrO3 |
| 6-溴-4-羟基喹诺酮 | 6-bromo-4-hydroxyquinolin-2(1H)-one | 54675-23-9 | C9H6BrNO2 |
| 6-溴-4-异二氢色原酮 | 6-bromoisochroman-4-one | 676134-68-2 | C9H7BrO2 |
| 6-溴-3-甲基苯并[d]噁唑-2(3H)-酮 | 6-bromo-3-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1,3-benzoxazol-2-one | 67927-44-0 | C8H6BrNO2 |
| 6-溴-2H-苯并[e][1,3]噁嗪-2,4(3H)-二酮 | 6-bromo-2H-[1,3]benzoxazine-2,4(3H)dione | 24088-82-2 | C8H4BrNO3 |
| 6-溴-2-羟吲哚 | 6-bromo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indole-2-one | 99365-40-9 | C8H6BrNO |
| 6-溴-2-甲基色酮 | 6-bromo-2-methylchromone | 30779-63-6 | C10H7BrO2 |
| 6-溴-2,3(1H,4H)-喹喔啉二酮 | 6-bromoquinoxaline-2,3(1H,4H)-dione | 1910-90-3 | C8H5BrN2O2 |
| 6-溴-2,2-二甲基-4-二氢色原酮 | 6-bromo-2,2-dimethylchroman-4-one | 99853-21-1 | C11H11BrO2 |