酮类化合物是一类有机化合物,其分子中至少含有一个羰基(C=O),并且这个羰基被两个碳原子所包围。通式为R1-C(=O)-R2,其中R1和R2可以是任何烷基或芳基等碳基团。酮的命名通常以烷基作为前缀,并按照取代基的顺序进行排列。
物理性质酮类化合物具有较低的沸点,这是因为它们的分子间相互作用力相对较弱。例如,丙酮(CH3COCH3)的沸点约为56℃,而乙醇(C2H5OH)的沸点为78.4℃。
化学性质 酮的亲核加成反应氢化:在一定条件下,如在钯催化剂的作用下,酮可以被还原为醇。
硼氢化:使用硼烷衍生物(如LiBH4)作为还原剂,可将酮转化为伯醇。
在高温或酸性条件下,酮可以发生分子内脱水生成α,β-不饱和羰基化合物。这一过程也称为Wittig反应的一种特例。
应用领域医药:许多药物含有酮结构。
香料与调味剂:多种芳香物质为酮类化合物,例如肉桂醛、茴香脑等。
溶剂:丙酮广泛用于各种化学合成和工业过程中作为溶剂。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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2-氨基-5-溴-2’-氯二苯甲酮 | (2-amino-5-bromophenyl)(2-chlorophenyl)methanone | 60773-49-1 | C13H9BrClNO |
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2-氨基-5-氯-2,6-二氟二苯甲酮 | 2-Amino-5-chlor-2',6'-difluorbenzophenon | 28910-83-0 | C13H8ClF2NO |
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2-氨基-5-氟苯乙酮 | 1-(2-amino-5-fluorophenyl)ethan-1-one | 2343-25-1 | C8H8FNO |
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2-氨基-4’-溴苯乙酮 | 4-bromophenacylamine | 7644-04-4 | C8H8BrNO |
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2-氨基-4’-溴二苯甲酮 | (4-bromo-2-aminophenyl)phenyl-methanone | 135776-98-6 | C13H10BrNO |
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2-氨基-4-甲基苯乙酮 | 1-(2-amino-4-methylphenyl)ethan-1-one | 122710-21-8 | C9H11NO |
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2-氨基-4-甲基二苯甲酮 | 2-amino-4-methylbenzophenone | 4937-62-6 | C14H13NO |
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2-氨基-4,5-二甲氧基苯甲腈 | 2,7-diacetylfluorene | 961-27-3 | C17H14O2 |
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2-氨基-4(5H)-恶唑酮 | 2-amino-4-oxazolinone | 17816-85-2 | C3H4N2O2 |
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2-氨基-3,4-二甲氧基苯乙酮 | 1-(2-amino-3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethanone | 49701-79-3 | C10H13NO3 |
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2-氨基-2’-氯苯乙酮 | 2-Chlorphenacylamin | 743357-99-5 | C8H8ClNO |
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2-氨基-2,5-二氯苯甲酮 | (2-Amino-phenyl)-(2,5-dichloro-phenyl)-methanone | 21723-84-2 | C13H9Cl2NO |
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2-氨基-2'-氟苯乙酮 | 2-Amino-1-(2-fluorophenyl)ethanone | 736887-62-0 | C8H8FNO |
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2-氨基-1-(4-三氟甲基苯基)乙醇盐酸盐 | 2-amino-1-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethan-1-one hydrochloride | 339-58-2 | C9H8F3NO*ClH |
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2-氟苯乙酮 | 2-fluoroacetophenone | 450-95-3 | C8H7FO |
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2-氟-6-甲氧基苯乙酮 | 1-(2-Fluoro-6-methoxyphenyl)ethanone | 120484-50-6 | C9H9FO2 |
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2-氟-5-羟基苯乙酮 | 1-(2-fluoro-5-hydroxyphenyl)ethan-1-one | 145300-04-5 | C8H7FO2 |
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2-氟-5-氯苯乙酮 | 1-(5-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)ethan-1-one | 541508-27-4 | C8H6ClFO |
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2-氟-3-(三氟甲基)苯乙酮 | 2'-fluoro-3'-trifluoromethylacetophenone | 207853-63-2 | C9H6F4O |
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2-巯基-5-苯并咪唑羧酸 | 2-mercaptobenzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid | 58089-25-1 | C8H6N2O2S |
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2-唑烷酮 | dimethylenecyclourethane | 497-25-6 | C3H5NO2 |
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2-十九烷酮 | nonadecan-2-one | 629-66-3 | C19H38O |
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2-仲-丁基环己酮 | 2-sec-butylcyclohexanone | 14765-30-1 | C10H18O |
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2-亚甲基奎宁环-3-酮 | 2-methylene-3-quinuclidinone hydrochloride | 5832-54-2 | C8H11NO*ClH |
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2-亚甲基-1-(噻唑-2)丁-1-酮 | 2-methylene-1-(thiophen-2-yl)butan-1-one | 1022159-52-9 | C9H10OS |
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2-亚戊基环戊酮 | 2-pentylidenecyclopentan-1-one | 16424-35-4 | C10H16O |
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2-二甲氨基甲基环己酮 | 2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]cyclohexanone | 15409-60-6 | C9H17NO |
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2-二十一酮 | 2-heneicosanone | 22589-04-4 | C21H42O |
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2-乙酰基咪唑 | 1-(1H-imidazol-2-yl)ethanone | 53981-69-4 | C5H6N2O |
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2-乙酰基吩噻嗪 | 2-acetylphenothiazine | 6631-94-3 | C14H11NOS |
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2-乙烯基-3H-4-喹唑啉酮 | 2-vinyl-3H-quinazolin-4-one | 91634-12-7 | C10H8N2O |
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2-乙基苯丁酮 | 2-Ethylbutyrophenon | 5682-46-2 | C12H16O |
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2-乙基环戊酮 | 2-ethylcyclopentanone | 4971-18-0 | C7H12O |
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2-乙基-6,6-二甲基-2-环己烯-1-甲酸乙酯 | ethyl 2-ethyl-6,6-dimethylcyclohex-2-ene-1-carboxylate | 57934-97-1 | C13H22O2 |
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2-丙烯-1-酮,1-(4-羟基-2-甲氧苯基)-3-(4-羟基苯基)-,(2E)- | 2'-methoxyisoliquiritigenin | 51828-10-5 | C16H14O4 |
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2-三氯甲基-4(3H)-喹唑啉酮 | 2-trichloromethyl-3H-quinazoline-4-one | 5558-95-2 | C9H5Cl3N2O |
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2-丁烯-1,4-二醇-2-溴乙酸酯 | Acetic acid, bromo-, 2-butene-1,4-diyl ester | 20679-58-7 | C8H10Br2O4 |
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2-{[4-(二甲氨基)-2-羟基苯基]羰基}-4-硝基苯甲酸 | 2'-Carboxy-4-dimethylamino-2-hydroxy-5'-nitrobenzophenone | 166442-40-6 | C16H14N2O6 |
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2-{1-[4-(羟甲基)苯氨基]-3-甲基亚丁基}-5,5-二甲基-1,3-环己二酮 | 2-(1-((4-(Hydroxymethyl)phenyl)amino)-3-methylbutylidene)-5,5-dimethylcyclohexane-1,3-dione | 172611-73-3 | C20H27NO3 |
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2-[2-(4-甲基-3-环己烯基-1)丙基]环戊酮 | 2-(2-(4-methyl-3-cyclohexen-1-yl)propyl)cyclopentanone | 95962-14-4 | C15H24O |
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2-[(1S)-1-氨基丙基]-5-氟-3-苯基-4(3H)-喹唑啉酮 | (S)-2-(1-aminopropyl)-5-fluoro-3-phenylquinazolin-4(3H)-one | 870281-86-0 | C17H16FN3O |
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2-(羟甲基)-3-[[4-[2-(2H-四唑-5-基)苯基]苯基]甲基]-1,5,7,9-四氮杂二环[4.3.0]壬-2,5,7-三烯-4-酮 | Trijuganone B | 126979-84-8 | C18H16O3 |
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2-(羟基甲基)环己酮 | 2-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexanone | 5331-08-8 | C7H12O2 |
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2-(羟基亚甲基)环己酮 | 2-(hydroxymethylene)cyclohexanone | 823-45-0 | C7H10O2 |
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2-(四氢呋喃-2-基)-1-苯基乙酮 | 1-phenyl-2-(tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)ethan-1-one | 59137-68-7 | C12H14O2 |
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2-(叔丁基)-9H-噻吨-9-酮 | 2-<i>tert</i>-butyl-thioxanthen-9-one | 5495-87-4 | C17H16OS |
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2-(二氟甲硫基)异吲哚-1,3-二酮 | N-(difluoromethylthio)phthalimide | 1805773-37-8 | C9H5F2NO2S |
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2-(乙基硫代)-1-苯基乙酮 | 2-(ethylthio)-1-phenylethanone | 10271-55-3 | C10H12OS |
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2-(三氟甲氧基)苯乙酮 | 1-(2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)ethanone | 220227-93-0 | C9H7F3O2 |
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2-(5-氯-2-羟基苯基)喹唑啉-4(1H)-酮 | 2-(2-hydroxy-5-chlorophenyl)-3H-quinazolin-4-one | 1151-84-4 | C14H9ClN2O2 |
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