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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 有机原料 酮类化合物

    酮类化合物

    酮类化合物 定义与结构

    酮类化合物是一类有机化合物，其分子中至少含有一个羰基（C=O），并且这个羰基被两个碳原子所包围。通式为R1-C(=O)-R2，其中R1和R2可以是任何烷基或芳基等碳基团。酮的命名通常以烷基作为前缀，并按照取代基的顺序进行排列。

    物理性质

    酮类化合物具有较低的沸点，这是因为它们的分子间相互作用力相对较弱。例如，丙酮（CH3COCH3）的沸点约为56℃，而乙醇（C2H5OH）的沸点为78.4℃。

    化学性质 酮的亲核加成反应
    • 羟醛缩合：酮可以参与与烯烃或醛的羟醛缩合反应。
    羰基的还原

    • 氢化：在一定条件下，如在钯催化剂的作用下，酮可以被还原为醇。

    • 硼氢化：使用硼烷衍生物（如LiBH4）作为还原剂，可将酮转化为伯醇。

    脱水反应

    在高温或酸性条件下，酮可以发生分子内脱水生成α,β-不饱和羰基化合物。这一过程也称为Wittig反应的一种特例。

    应用领域

    • 医药：许多药物含有酮结构。

    • 香料与调味剂：多种芳香物质为酮类化合物，例如肉桂醛、茴香脑等。

    • 溶剂：丙酮广泛用于各种化学合成和工业过程中作为溶剂。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (R)-2-Bromo-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)propan-1-one 21086-33-9 C10H11BrO2
    (R)-2-Bromo-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)propan-1-one
    —— Δ<sup>4,9(11)</sup>-Pregnadien-3,20-dion 4085-88-5 C21H28O2
    Δ<sup>4,9(11)</sup>-Pregnadien-3,20-dion
    —— 1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carbaldehyde 79138-28-6 C7H7NO2
    1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carbaldehyde
    —— 15-Oxo-PGF(1α) 35700-12-0 C20H32O5
    15-Oxo-PGF(1α)
    —— 15-keto-PGF<sub>2α</sub> 35700-12-0 C20H32O5
    15-keto-PGF<sub>2α</sub>
    —— 20β-Hydroxy-3-oxo-pregnen-(4) 145-14-2 C21H32O2
    20β-Hydroxy-3-oxo-pregnen-(4)
    —— Δ<sup>4</sup>-Pregnen-ol-(20β)-on-(3) 145-14-2 C21H32O2
    Δ<sup>4</sup>-Pregnen-ol-(20β)-on-(3)
    —— 20α(F)-Hydroxy-pregn-4-en-3-on 145-14-2 C21H32O2
    20α(F)-Hydroxy-pregn-4-en-3-on
    —— 20β-Hydroxy-pregn-4-en-3-on 145-14-2 C21H32O2
    20β-Hydroxy-pregn-4-en-3-on
    —— 20β-Hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-on 145-14-2 C21H32O2
    20β-Hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-on
    —— 20α-Hydroxypregnen-4-ene-3-one 145-14-2 C21H32O2
    20α-Hydroxypregnen-4-ene-3-one
    —— 20-Hydroprogesteron 145-14-2 C21H32O2
    20-Hydroprogesteron
    —— 7-amino-1-methyl-4-trifluoromethyl-1H-quinolin-2-one 1251538-45-0 C11H9F3N2O
    7-amino-1-methyl-4-trifluoromethyl-1H-quinolin-2-one
    —— cis-2-Nitro-chalkon-oxyd 7152-68-3 C15H11NO4
    cis-2-Nitro-chalkon-oxyd
    —— 16α,17α-Epoxyprogesteron 1097-51-4 C21H28O3
    16α,17α-Epoxyprogesteron
    —— 4-<3,5-Dimethoxy-phenyl>-butan-2-on 29114-49-6 C12H16O3
    4-<3,5-Dimethoxy-phenyl>-butan-2-on
    —— α-hexadecyl-β-heptadecylidene-3-propanolide 10126-68-8 C36H68O2
    α-hexadecyl-β-heptadecylidene-3-propanolide
    —— (7R,9R)-6,7,9,11-tetrahydroxy-9-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-4-methoxy-8,10-dihydro-7H-tetracene-5,12-dione 24385-10-2 C21H18O9
    (7R,9R)-6,7,9,11-tetrahydroxy-9-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-4-methoxy-8,10-dihydro-7H-tetracene-5,12-dione
    —— 2,3‐dibromo‐1,3‐diphenylpropan‐1‐one 611-91-6 C15H12Br2O
    2,3‐dibromo‐1,3‐diphenylpropan‐1‐one
    —— 20β<sub>F</sub>-acetoxy-pregn-4-en-3-one 5062-62-4 C23H34O3
    20β<sub>F</sub>-acetoxy-pregn-4-en-3-one
    —— (5E)-3-methylcyclopentadec-5-en-1-one 101151-17-1 C16H28O
    (5E)-3-methylcyclopentadec-5-en-1-one
    —— 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-methylpentan-1-one 286439-54-1 C12H16O2
    1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-methylpentan-1-one
    —— 2-(1H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-1-yl)-1-(2-thienyl)-1-ethanone 305851-10-9 C12H9N3OS
    2-(1H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-1-yl)-1-(2-thienyl)-1-ethanone
    —— 3-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-9-one 86949-84-0 C8H13NO
    3-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-9-one
    —— 5,5-dimethyl-2-(3-methylbutanoyl)cyclohexane-1,3-dione 172611-72-2 C13H20O3
    5,5-dimethyl-2-(3-methylbutanoyl)cyclohexane-1,3-dione
    —— 2-Methyl-3-(2-pentenyl)-2-cyclopenten-1-one 11050-62-7 C11H16O
    2-Methyl-3-(2-pentenyl)-2-cyclopenten-1-one
    —— cyclohexane-1,2,3-trione 1,3-dioxime 10528-54-8 C6H8N2O3
    cyclohexane-1,2,3-trione 1,3-dioxime
    —— C.I. Acid Yellow 7 2391-30-2 C19H14N2NaO5S+
    C.I. Acid Yellow 7
    —— Trengestone 5192-84-7 C21H25ClO2
    Trengestone
    —— 3a,21-Dihydroxy-5b-pregnane-11,20-dione 566-03-0 C21H32O4
    3a,21-Dihydroxy-5b-pregnane-11,20-dione
    —— 3,9-Diazabicyclo[4.2.1]nonan-4-one 1210963-09-9 C7H12N2O
    3,9-Diazabicyclo[4.2.1]nonan-4-one
    —— potassium;3-[(2S,9R,10R,11S,14R,15S,17R)-14-hydroxy-9-methoxycarbonyl-2,15-dimethyl-5-oxo-18-oxapentacyclo[8.8.0.01,17.02,7.011,15]octadec-6-en-14-yl]propanoate 95716-98-6 C24H31KO7
    potassium;3-[(2S,9R,10R,11S,14R,15S,17R)-14-hydroxy-9-methoxycarbonyl-2,15-dimethyl-5-oxo-18-oxapentacyclo[8.8.0.01,17.02,7.011,15]octadec-6-en-14-yl]propanoate
    —— (8S,9S,10R,14S)-13-Ethyl-17-hydroxy-11-methylene-6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3(2H)-one 220332-82-1 C20H28O2
    (8S,9S,10R,14S)-13-Ethyl-17-hydroxy-11-methylene-6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3(2H)-one
    —— (5aR,8aR)-9-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-5a,6,8a,9-tetrahydro-[2]benzofuro[5,6-f][1,3]benzodioxole-5,8-dione 477-49-6 C22H20O8
    (5aR,8aR)-9-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-5a,6,8a,9-tetrahydro-[2]benzofuro[5,6-f][1,3]benzodioxole-5,8-dione
    —— (8R,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-13-Ethyl-17-ethynyl-17-hydroxy-1,2,4,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-3H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one 100021-05-4 C21H28O2
    (8R,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-13-Ethyl-17-ethynyl-17-hydroxy-1,2,4,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-3H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one
    —— (8R,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-13-Ethyl-17-ethynyl-17-hydroxy-1,2,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-3H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one 51087-61-7 C21H26O2
    (8R,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-13-Ethyl-17-ethynyl-17-hydroxy-1,2,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-3H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one
    —— (8R,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-13-Ethyl-17-ethynyl-3-methoxy-2,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-ol 176254-10-7 C22H30O2
    (8R,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-13-Ethyl-17-ethynyl-3-methoxy-2,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-ol
    —— 6 beta-Hydroxy Norgestrel 55555-97-0 C21H28O3
    6 beta-Hydroxy Norgestrel
    —— cadmium;(Z)-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one 14689-45-3 C10H16CdO4
    cadmium;(Z)-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one
    —— cerium;(Z)-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one 15653-01-7 C15H24CeO6
    cerium;(Z)-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one
    —— 1-(2,6,6,8-tetramethyl-8-tricyclo[5.3.1.01,5]undecanyl)ethanone 73398-84-2 C17H28O
    1-(2,6,6,8-tetramethyl-8-tricyclo[5.3.1.01,5]undecanyl)ethanone
    —— 3-((4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)methyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1454308-53-2 C11H19BO4
    3-((4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)methyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— Prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid, 9,11-dihydroxy-15-oxo-, (5Z,9a,11b,13E)- 35700-12-0 C20H32O5
    Prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid, 9,11-dihydroxy-15-oxo-, (5Z,9a,11b,13E)-
    —— (8R,9S,10R,13S,14S,17R)-17-acetyl-10,13-dimethyl-3-oxo-2,3,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl acetate 17308-02-0 C23H32O4
    (8R,9S,10R,13S,14S,17R)-17-acetyl-10,13-dimethyl-3-oxo-2,3,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl acetate
    —— 1-methyl-3-methylenepiperidine-2,6-dione 123435-91-6 C7H9NO2
    1-methyl-3-methylenepiperidine-2,6-dione
    —— 6-methacryloyl-6-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-7-one 1267624-16-7 C10H13NO2
    6-methacryloyl-6-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-7-one
    —— 2-oximino-1-indanone 80070-34-4 C9H7NO2
    2-oximino-1-indanone
    —— (Z)-2-methyl-4-(4-nitrobenzylidene)oxazol-5(4H)-one 66949-13-1 C11H8N2O4
    (Z)-2-methyl-4-(4-nitrobenzylidene)oxazol-5(4H)-one
    —— 3-(Benzotriazol-1-yl)-3-ethoxy-1-phenyl-1-pentyn-4-one 171815-55-7 C19H17N3O2
    3-(Benzotriazol-1-yl)-3-ethoxy-1-phenyl-1-pentyn-4-one
    —— 11α-hydroxy-pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione 80-75-1 C21H30O3
    11α-hydroxy-pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione