酮类化合物
酮类化合物
定义与结构
酮类化合物是一类有机化合物，其分子中至少含有一个羰基（C=O），并且这个羰基被两个碳原子所包围。通式为R1-C(=O)-R2，其中R1和R2可以是任何烷基或芳基等碳基团。酮的命名通常以烷基作为前缀，并按照取代基的顺序进行排列。
物理性质酮类化合物具有较低的沸点，这是因为它们的分子间相互作用力相对较弱。例如，丙酮（CH3COCH3）的沸点约为56℃，而乙醇（C2H5OH）的沸点为78.4℃。
化学性质 酮的亲核加成反应- 羟醛缩合：酮可以参与与烯烃或醛的羟醛缩合反应。
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氢化：在一定条件下，如在钯催化剂的作用下，酮可以被还原为醇。
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硼氢化：使用硼烷衍生物（如LiBH4）作为还原剂，可将酮转化为伯醇。
在高温或酸性条件下，酮可以发生分子内脱水生成α,β-不饱和羰基化合物。这一过程也称为Wittig反应的一种特例。
应用领域-
医药：许多药物含有酮结构。
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香料与调味剂：多种芳香物质为酮类化合物，例如肉桂醛、茴香脑等。
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溶剂：丙酮广泛用于各种化学合成和工业过程中作为溶剂。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 1,8-dimethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-5H-pyrido[2,3-e][1,4]diazepin-5-one | 59937-19-8 | C10H13N3O |
|
| —— | (E)-N′-(1-(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethylidene)-4-methylbenzenesulfonohydrazide | 1417652-28-8 | C17H20N2O4S |
|
| —— | 7-Chlor-6-hydroxyindanon-(1) | 90273-28-2 | C9H7ClO2 |
|
| —— | 6-Bromo-1-chloro-isoquinolin-3-ol | 55086-30-1 | C9H5BrClNO |
|
| —— | (+)-(2R)-2-hydroxy-3-pinanone | 1845-25-6 | C10H16O2 |
|
| —— | 1-[3-(Difluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]ethanone | 1256833-75-6 | C8H7F2NO |
|
| —— | 3-[3-(2,3-Dichlorophenyl)prop-2-enoyl]-2-hydroxycyclohepta-2,4,6-trien-1-one | 491870-86-1 | C16H10Cl2O3 |
|
| —— | 3-(bromoacetyl)tropolone | 123771-08-4 | C9H7BrO3 |
|
| —— | 1-(4-(chloromethyl)phenyl)-2-tosylethan-1-one | 1391608-71-1 | C16H15ClO3S |
|
| —— | spiro(cyclopropane-1,3-indolin)-2-one-5-boronic acid pinacol ester | 1613639-40-9 | C16H20BNO3 |
|
| —— | Bicyclo<3.2.1>octan-2-on | 5019-82-9 | C8H12O |
|
| —— | 3,6-Dimethylcarbostyril | 71568-50-8 | C11H11NO |
|
| —— | 4-Cl-6-Dehydroretroprogesteron | 4203-00-3 | C21H27ClO2 |
|
| —— | Ru(<sup>t</sup>Bu<sub>2</sub>acac)<sub>2</sub>(cod) | 329735-79-7 | C30H50O4Ru |
|
| —— | (tetraglyme)bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylheptane-3,5-dionato)barium | 136629-60-2 | C32H60BaO9 |
|
| —— | 4-Dimethylamino-3-methyl-2-phenyl-butyronitrile | 132858-46-9 | C13H18N2 |
|
| —— | 2-anilino-5-cyclohexylamino-1,4-benzoquinone | 68054-78-4 | C18H20N2O2 |
|
| —— | 2,6-di(CF3)-cyclohexanone | 131880-21-2 | C8H8F6O |
|
| —— | (1S,5R)-5-Methyl-3-(toluene-4-sulfonyl)-3-aza-bicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-6-one | 122081-02-1 | C14H17NO3S |
|
| —— | 3,6,9,12,15,18-Hexaoxabicyclo<18.3.1>tetracosa-1(24)-20,22-trien-2,19-dion | 65930-71-4 | C18H24O8 |
|
| —— | 3-(3-methoxycynnamoyl)tropolone | 77632-99-6 | C17H14O4 |
|
| —— | 5-iodo-1, 3-dimethyl-3-((phenylsulfonyl)methyl)indolin-2-one | 1588429-77-9 | C17H16INO3S |
|
| —— | 2,2-dioxo-1,2,3,5(7)-tetrahydro-2λ<sup>6</sup>-imidazo[4,5-<i>c</i>][1,2,6]thiadiazin-4-one | 67095-44-7 | C4H4N4O3S |
|
| —— | Menthone 1,2-glycerol ketal | 67785-70-0 | C13H24O3 |
|
| —— | 1-benzyl-3-methyl-3-(2-oxo-2-phenylethyl)indolin-2-one | 1470365-00-4 | C24H21NO2 |
|
| —— | 1-Ethyl-4-(2-((2-hydroxyethyl)amino)ethyl)-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidin-2-one hydrochloride | 100106-91-0 | C22H29ClN2O2 |
|
| —— | zerumbone | 471-05-6 | C15H22O |
|
| —— | 5-bromo-1, 3-dimethyl-3-((phenylsulfonyl)methyl)indolin-2-one | 1588429-76-8 | C17H16BrNO3S |
|
| —— | 5-fluoro-1,3-dimethyl-3-((phenylsulfonyl)methyl)indolin-2-one | 1588429-74-6 | C17H16FNO3S |
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| —— | 3-benzoyl-6-iodo-coumarin | 101081-02-1 | C16H9IO3 |
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| —— | 4-fluoro-3-hydroxy-1-indanone | 1261059-96-4 | C9H7FO2 |
|
| —— | 2-fluoro-5,11-dihydro-6H-indolo[3,2-c]quinolin-6-one | 1198086-26-8 | C15H9FN2O |
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| —— | 3-acetyl-7-iodotropolone | 111505-16-9 | C9H7IO3 |
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| —— | 1-phenyl-2-(4-propylcyclohexyl)ethanone | 78531-61-0 | C17H24O |
|
| —— | [Ag2(ClO4)2{1,3-(Ph2PC(O))2(C6H4)}] | 1448813-88-4 | C32H24Au2Cl2O2P2 |
|
| —— | 4-chloro-6,6-dimethyl-8<i>H</i>-pyrimido[5,4-<i>b</i>][1,4]oxazin-7-one | 60262-20-6 | C8H8ClN3O2 |
|
| —— | 1-(3-fluoropropyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione | 1445698-29-2 | C7H8FNO2 |
|
| —— | 1-[4-[(4-Ethenylphenyl)methoxy]phenyl]ethanone | 722493-50-7 | C17H16O2 |
|
| —— | 3-(2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-oxoethyl)-1,3-dimethylindolin-2-one | 75116-29-9 | C19H19NO3 |
|
| —— | 3-(5-methylisoxazol-3-yl)-4H-[1,2,3]-triazolo[1,5-a]quinazolin-5-one | 345310-94-3 | C13H9N5O2 |
|
| —— | 2-cyclopropyl-3,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1,3-benzothiazol-4-one | 1314243-59-8 | C10H11NOS |
|
| —— | 2-(1-fluoroethyl)pyrimidine-4,6-diol | 1313546-74-5 | C6H7FN2O2 |
|
| —— | 2-phenyl-4,9-dihydrocyclohepta[b]pyran-4,9-dione | 80541-35-1 | C16H10O3 |
|
| —— | 3β,7α,15α-Trihydroxy-androst-5-en-17-on | 2963-69-1 | C19H28O4 |
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| —— | 4-(4-Methylphenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoxalin-2-one | 1500670-27-8 | C15H14N2O |
|
| —— | 4-fluoro-3-methoxy-6-nitro-3,4-dihydro-2H-isoquinolin-1-one | 1508295-21-3 | C10H9FN2O4 |
|
| —— | 5,5-Dimethyl-2-benzyl-2-<naphthyl-(1)-methyl>-cyclohexandion-(1,3) | 1853-08-3 | C26H26O2 |
|
| —— | echinenone | 432-68-8 | C40H54O |
|
| —— | 1-(2-fluorophenyl)-4-methylpentane-1,3-dione | 1343235-55-1 | C12H13FO2 |
|
| —— | 6-bromo-2-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)pyridazin-3(2H)-one | 3306-41-0 | C9H11BrN2O2 |
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