酮类化合物
酮类化合物
定义与结构
酮类化合物是一类有机化合物，其分子中至少含有一个羰基（C=O），并且这个羰基被两个碳原子所包围。通式为R1-C(=O)-R2，其中R1和R2可以是任何烷基或芳基等碳基团。酮的命名通常以烷基作为前缀，并按照取代基的顺序进行排列。
物理性质酮类化合物具有较低的沸点，这是因为它们的分子间相互作用力相对较弱。例如，丙酮（CH3COCH3）的沸点约为56℃，而乙醇（C2H5OH）的沸点为78.4℃。
化学性质 酮的亲核加成反应- 羟醛缩合：酮可以参与与烯烃或醛的羟醛缩合反应。
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氢化：在一定条件下，如在钯催化剂的作用下，酮可以被还原为醇。
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硼氢化：使用硼烷衍生物（如LiBH4）作为还原剂，可将酮转化为伯醇。
在高温或酸性条件下，酮可以发生分子内脱水生成α,β-不饱和羰基化合物。这一过程也称为Wittig反应的一种特例。
应用领域-
医药：许多药物含有酮结构。
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香料与调味剂：多种芳香物质为酮类化合物，例如肉桂醛、茴香脑等。
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溶剂：丙酮广泛用于各种化学合成和工业过程中作为溶剂。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1-(9H-beta-咔啉-1-基)乙酮 | 1-(9H-β-carbolin-1-yl)-ethanone | 50892-83-6 | C13H10N2O |
|
| 1-(6-甲基吡啶-2-基)-2-([1,5]萘啶-2-基)乙酮 | 1-(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)-2-(1,5-naphthyridin-2-yl)ethan-1-one | 446297-56-9 | C16H13N3O |
|
| 1-(5-溴-2-硝基苯基)乙酮 | 1-(5-bromo-2-nitrophenyl)ethanone | 41877-24-1 | C8H6BrNO3 |
|
| 1-(5-溴-2-氟苯基)乙酮 | 1-(5-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)ethan-1-one | 198477-89-3 | C8H6BrFO |
|
| 1-(5-溴-2,4-二氟苯基)乙酮 | 1-(5-bromo-2,4-difluorophenyl)ethanone | 864773-64-8 | C8H5BrF2O |
|
| 1-(5-氯-2-硝基)苯乙酮 | 5-chloro-2-nitroacetophenone | 18640-60-3 | C8H6ClNO3 |
|
| 1-(5-氯-2-吡嗪)乙酮 | 1-(5-chloropyrazin-2-yl)ethanone | 160252-31-3 | C6H5ClN2O |
|
| 1-(5-氯-2,4-二甲氧基苯基)-乙酮 | 1-(5-chloro-2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethanone | 54173-36-3 | C10H11ClO3 |
|
| 1-(5-氟-2-羟基苯基)-2-(3-氟苯基)乙酮 | 1-(5-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(3-fluorophenyl)ethanone | 1300582-07-3 | C14H10F2O2 |
|
| 1-(5-氟-2-硝基苯基)乙酮 | 2'-nitro-5'-fluoroacetophenone | 2250-48-8 | C8H6FNO3 |
|
| 1-(5,5-二甲基-1-环己烯-1-基)-4-戊烯-1-酮 | 1-(5,5-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)pent-4-en-1-one | 56973-85-4 | C13H20O |
|
| 1-(4-苯基氨基-苯基)-乙酮 | 1-(4-(phenylamino)phenyl)ethanone | 23600-83-1 | C14H13NO |
|
| 1-(4-羟基苯基)-2-甲氧基乙烷-1-酮 | 2'-methoxy-4-hydroxyacetophenone | 32136-81-5 | C9H10O3 |
|
| 1-(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)-7-苯基庚烷-3-酮 | 1-(4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxyphenyl)-7-phenyl-3-heptanone | 78954-23-1 | C20H24O3 |
|
| 1-(4-羟基-2-甲氧基苯基)乙酮 | 1-(4-hydroxy-2-methoxy-phenyl)ethanone | 493-33-4 | C9H10O3 |
|
| 1-(4-磺酸苯基)-3-甲基-5-吡唑酮 | 4-(4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-5-oxo-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)benzenesulfonic acid | 89-36-1 | C10H10N2O4S |
|
| 1-(4-甲氧基苯基)-2-(四氢呋喃-2-基)乙酮 | 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)ethanone | 1166996-17-3 | C13H16O3 |
|
| 1-(4-甲氧基苯基)-2-(3-甲氧基苯硫基)乙酮 | 4-methoxy-α-<(3-methoxyphenyl)thio>acetophenone | 63675-73-0 | C16H16O3S |
|
| 1-(4-甲氧基-2-甲基苯基)乙酮 | 1-(4-methoxy-2-methylphenyl)ethanone | 24826-74-2 | C10H12O2 |
|
| 1-(4-甲基苯基)丙-2-烯-1-酮 | 1-(4-methylphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one | 19832-78-1 | C10H10O |
|
| 1-(4-甲基苯基)-3-苯基丙-2-烯-1-酮 | (E)-1-(4-methylphenyl)-3-phenyl-2-propen-1-one | 14802-30-3 | C16H14O |
|
| 1-(4-甲基苯基)-3-甲基-5-吡唑啉酮 | 3-methyl-1-(4-methylphenyl)-2-pyrazolin-5-one | 86-92-0 | C11H12N2O |
|
| 1-(4-甲基苯基)-2-苯基乙烷-1,2-二酮 | p-methylbenzil | 2431-00-7 | C15H12O2 |
|
| 1-(4-甲基恶唑-5-基)乙酮 | 4-methyl-5-acetyloxazole | 23012-19-3 | C6H7NO2 |
|
| 1-(4-甲基-2-甲基硫代-5-嘧啶基)乙酮 | 5-acetyl-4-methyl-2-methylthiopyrimidine | 66373-26-0 | C8H10N2OS |
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| 1-(4-溴苯基)-2-苯基乙烷-1,2-二酮 | 4-bromobenzil | 39229-12-4 | C14H9BrO2 |
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| 1-(4-溴苯基)-2-羟基乙基-1-酮 | 4-bromo-2-hydroxyacetophenone | 3343-45-1 | C8H7BrO2 |
|
| 1-(4-溴苯基)-2-甲基丙烷-1-酮 | 4'-bromoisobutyrophenone | 49660-93-7 | C10H11BrO |
|
| 1-(4-溴苯基)-1,3-丁二酮 | 1-(p-bromophenyl)-1,3-butanedione | 4023-81-8 | C10H9BrO2 |
|
| 1-(4-溴-2,6-二氟苯基)乙酮 | 1-(4-bromo-2,6-difluorophenyl)ethanone | 746630-34-2 | C8H5BrF2O |
|
| 1-(4-氯苯基)-4,4,4-三氟丁烷-1,3-二酮 | 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4,4-trifluorobutane-1,3-dione | 18931-60-7 | C10H6ClF3O2 |
|
| 1-(4-氯苯基)-3-甲基-2-吡唑啉-5-酮 | 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-methyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one | 13024-90-3 | C10H9ClN2O |
|
| 1-(4-氯苯基)-2-甲基丙-2-烯-1-酮 | 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-methylprop-2-en-1-one | 6230-73-5 | C10H9ClO |
|
| 1-(4-氯苯基)-2-甲基-2-(4-吗啉)-1-丙酮 | 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-methyl-2-morpholinopropan-1-one | 88324-57-6 | C14H18ClNO2 |
|
| 1-(4-氯苯基)-2-环丙基-1-丙酮 | 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-cyclopropyl-1-propanone | 123989-29-7 | C12H13ClO |
|
| 1-(4-氯吡啶-2-基)-2,2,2-三氟乙酮 | 1-(4-Chloropyridin-2-yl)-2,2,2-trifluoroethanone | 1356086-78-6 | C7H3ClF3NO |
|
| 1-(4-氯-2-硝基苯)乙酮 | 4'-chloro-2'-nitroacetophenone | 23082-51-1 | C8H6ClNO3 |
|
| 1-(4-氨基-3-羟基苯基)-乙酮(9ci) | 1-(4-amino-3-hydroxyphenyl)ethan-1-one | 54903-54-7 | C8H9NO2 |
|
| 1-(4-氟苯基)-4-甲基戊-1,3-二酮 | 1-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-1,3-pentanedione | 114433-94-2 | C12H13FO2 |
|
| 1-(4-氟苯基)-3-苯基-2-丙烯-1-酮 | (E)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-phenyl-2-propen-1-one | 22966-25-2 | C15H11FO |
|
| 1-(4-氟苯基)-2-丙烯-1-酮 | 1-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-propen-1-one | 51594-59-3 | C9H7FO |
|
| 1-(4-氟苯基)-1,3-丁二酮 | p-fluorobenzoylacetone | 29681-98-9 | C10H9FO2 |
|
| 1-(4-异丙氧基苯基)乙酮 | 1-(4-isopropoxyphenyl)ethan-1-one | 4074-51-5 | C11H14O2 |
|
| 1-(4-异丙基苯基)丙烷-1-酮 | p-isopropylpropiophenone | 27465-52-7 | C12H16O |
|
| 1-(4-异丁氧基苯基)乙酮 | 1-(4-isobutoxyphenyl)ethanone | 24242-97-5 | C12H16O2 |
|
| 1-(4-乙酰氧基-3-甲氧苯基)乙酮 | 4-acetyl-2-methoxyphenyl acetate | 54771-60-7 | C11H12O4 |
|
| 1-(4-丙氧基-苯基)-乙酮 | 1-(4-propoxyphenyl)ethanone | 5736-86-7 | C11H14O2 |
|
| 1-(4-三氟甲基苯基)-1,3-丁二酮 | 1-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-butane-1,3-dione | 258346-69-9 | C11H9F3O2 |
|
| 1-(4-Beta-羟基乙基磺酰基苯基-)-3-甲基-5-吡唑酮 | 3H-Pyrazol-3-one, 2,4-dihydro-2-[4-[(2-hydroxyethyl)sulfonyl]phenyl]-5-methyl- | 21951-34-8 | C12H14N2O4S |
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| 1-(4-(苄氧基)-6-羟基-2,3-二甲氧基苯基)乙酮 | 4'-benzyloxy-6'-hydroxy-2',3'-dimethoxyacetophenone | 25892-95-9 | C17H18O5 |
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