酮类化合物是一类有机化合物,其分子中至少含有一个羰基(C=O),并且这个羰基被两个碳原子所包围。通式为R1-C(=O)-R2,其中R1和R2可以是任何烷基或芳基等碳基团。酮的命名通常以烷基作为前缀,并按照取代基的顺序进行排列。
物理性质酮类化合物具有较低的沸点,这是因为它们的分子间相互作用力相对较弱。例如,丙酮(CH3COCH3)的沸点约为56℃,而乙醇(C2H5OH)的沸点为78.4℃。
化学性质 酮的亲核加成反应氢化:在一定条件下,如在钯催化剂的作用下,酮可以被还原为醇。
硼氢化:使用硼烷衍生物(如LiBH4)作为还原剂,可将酮转化为伯醇。
在高温或酸性条件下,酮可以发生分子内脱水生成α,β-不饱和羰基化合物。这一过程也称为Wittig反应的一种特例。
应用领域医药:许多药物含有酮结构。
香料与调味剂:多种芳香物质为酮类化合物,例如肉桂醛、茴香脑等。
溶剂:丙酮广泛用于各种化学合成和工业过程中作为溶剂。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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(二甲氨基)丙酮 | dimethylaminoacetone | 15364-56-4 | C5H11NO |
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(Z)-十一碳-8-烯-2,5-二酮 | undec-8<i>c</i>-ene-2,5-dione | 4868-21-7 | C11H18O2 |
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(Z)-2-苯亚甲基奎宁环-3-酮 | 2-benzylidene-3-quinuclidinone | 24123-89-5 | C14H15NO |
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(S)-羟基伊洛哌酮 | (S)-1-(4-{3-[4-(6-fluoro-benzo[d]isoxazol-3-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-propoxy}-3-methoxyphenyl)-ethanol | 501373-88-2 | C24H29FN2O4 |
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(S)-8-羟基-7-甲氧基-1,2,3,11A-四氢-5H-苯并[E]吡咯并[1,2-A][1,4]二氮杂-5,11(10H)-二酮 | 8-hydroxy-7-methoxy-1,2,3,11a-tetrahydro-10H-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepine-5,11-dione | 132391-70-9 | C13H14N2O4 |
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(S)-3-(叔丁氧基羰基)-4-异丁基-2,5-噁唑啉二酮 | Boc-Leu-NCA | 125814-33-7 | C12H19NO5 |
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(S)-(?)-4-叔丁基-2-噁唑烷酮 | (S)-4-tert-butyloxazolidin-2-one | 54705-42-9 | C7H13NO2 |
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(S)-(-)-4-苄基氧氮杂环戊烷-2,5-二酮 | L-phenylalanine-N-carboxyanhydride | 14825-82-2 | C10H9NO3 |
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(S)-(-)-4-叔丁基氧氮杂环戊烷-2,5-二酮 | L-tert-butylglycine-N-carboxyanhydride | 62965-56-4 | C7H11NO3 |
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(R)-5-甲基二氢呋喃-2-酮 | (R)-5-methyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran | 58917-25-2 | C5H8O2 |
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(R)-4-羟基-2-(羟基甲基)-2-环戊烯-1-酮 | 4-(R)-Hydroxy-2-hydroxymethylcyclopent-2-en-1-one | 76420-07-0 | C6H8O3 |
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(R)-4-甲基-2-噁唑烷酮 | (4R)-4-methyl-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one | 4042-43-7 | C4H7NO2 |
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(R)-3-苯基环己酮 | (R)-3-phenylcyclohexanone | 34993-51-6 | C12H14O |
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(R)-(+)-4-氯甲基-2,2-二甲基-1,3-二氧戊烷 | (R)-4-chloromethyl-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane | 57044-24-3 | C6H11ClO2 |
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(R)-(+)-3-甲基环戊酮 | (R)-(+)-3-Methylcyclopentanone | 6672-30-6 | C6H10O |
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(R)-(+)-3-甲基环己酮 | (3R)-3-methylcyclohexanone | 13368-65-5 | C7H12O |
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(E,Z)-4-(2-丁烯亚基)-3,5,5-三甲基环己-2-烯-1-酮 | (6E,8Z)-megastigma-4,6,8-trien-3-one | 5298-13-5 | C13H18O |
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(E)-4-(4-溴苯基)丁3-en-2-酮 | (E)-4-(4-bromophenyl)but-3-ene-2-one | 3815-31-4 | C10H9BrO |
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(E)-4-(2,4-二氟苯甲酰)哌啶肟 | (2,4-Difluoro-phenyl)-piperidin-4-yl-methanone oxime | 691007-07-5 | C12H14F2N2O |
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(E)-3-环己-2,4-二烯-1-基-1-(2,4,6-三羟基苯基)丙-2-烯-1-酮 | 2',4',6'-trihydroxydihydrochalcone | 1088-08-0 | C15H14O4 |
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(E)-3-二甲氨基-1-(4-硝基苯基)-2-丙烯-1-酮 | (E)-3-dimethylamino-1-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-propen-1-one | 78089-99-3 | C11H12N2O3 |
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(E)-1-(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)-7-苯基庚-1-烯-3-酮 | yakuchinone B | 81840-57-5 | C20H22O3 |
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(9ci)-1H-2-苯并吡喃-1,4(3h)-二酮 | isochroman-1,4-dione | 5693-27-6 | C9H6O3 |
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(7S,9S)9-乙酰基-7,8,9,10-四氢-6,7,9,11-四羟基-5,12-并四苯二酮 | (7S,9S)-idarubicinone | 60660-75-5 | C20H16O7 |
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(7R)-2-氯-7-乙基-7,8-二氢-8-(1-甲基乙基)-6(5H)-蝶啶酮 | (R)-2-chloro-7-ethyl-8-isopropyl-7,8-dihydropteridin-6(5H)-one | 889877-77-4 | C11H15ClN4O |
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(5α,17β)-17-甲基-2-雄烯-3,17-二醇 | 17β-hydroxy-17α-methyl-5α-androst-2-ene | 3275-64-7 | C20H32O |
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(5r)-3-[6-[2-[(2,6-二氯苯基)甲氧基]乙氧基]己基]-5-(2,2-二甲基-4H-1, 3-苯并二噁英-6-基)-2-噁唑烷酮 | (5R)-3-{6-[2-(2,6-dichlorobenzyloxy)ethoxy]hexyl}-5-(2,2-dimethyl-4H-benzo[1,3]dioxin-6-yl)oxazolidin-2-one | 503068-36-8 | C28H35Cl2NO6 |
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(5Z)-5-{4-[2-(5-乙基-2-吡啶基)乙氧基]亚苄基}-1,3-噻唑烷-2,4-二酮 | 5-{4-[2-(5-ethyl-pyridin-2-yl)ethoxy]benzylidene}-2,4-thiazolidinedione | 136401-69-9 | C19H18N2O3S |
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(5R)-5,8,8ab,9-四氢-5b-(3,4,5-三甲氧基苯基)呋喃并[3',4':6,7]萘并[2,3-d]-1,3-二氧杂环戊烯-6(5abH),9-二酮 | (5aR,8aS,9R)-9-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-5a,6,8a,9-tetrahydrofuro[3',4':6,7]naphtho[2,3-d][1,3]dioxole-5,8-dione | 477-48-5 | C22H20O8 |
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(5E,9E,13E)-6,10,14,18-四甲基十九碳-5,9,13,17-四烯-2-酮 | 5E,9E,13E-geranylgeranyl acetone | 3796-63-2 | C23H38O |
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(5-氯-2-碘苯基) 2,6-二氟苯甲烷 | (5-chloro-2-iodophenyl)(2,6-difluorophenyl)methanone | 869365-97-9 | C13H6ClF2IO |
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(4S,5R)-5-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)-4-(甲基-1,3-噁唑烷-2-酮 | (4S,5R)-5-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-methyl-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one | 875444-08-9 | C12H9F6NO2 |
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(4S)-二氢莪术双环烯酮 | 4S-dihydrocurcumenone | 142717-57-5 | C15H24O2 |
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(4S)-4-[(2S)-2-丁烷基]-1,3-恶唑烷-2,5-二酮 | L-4-(2-butyl)-1,3-oxazolidine-2,5-dione | 45895-90-7 | C7H11NO3 |
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(4S)-3-[5-(4-氟苯基)-1,5-二氧代戊基]-4-苯基-2-恶唑烷酮 | (S)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-(2-oxo-4-phenyloxazolidin-3-yl)pentane-1,5-dione | 189028-93-1 | C20H18FNO4 |
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(4-癸氧基-2-羟基苯基)-苯基甲酮 | 2-Hydroxy-4-decyloxy-benzophenon | 2162-63-2 | C23H30O3 |
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(4-甲氧基-苯基)-对甲苯-甲酮 | 4-methoxy-4'-methylbenzophenone | 23886-71-7 | C15H14O2 |
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(4-溴苯基)环丙基甲酮 | (4-bromophenyl)(cyclopropyl)methanone | 6952-89-2 | C10H9BrO |
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(4-氯-3-硝基苯基)-(4-氯苯基)-甲酮 | 4,4'-dichloro-3-nitrobenzophenone | 31431-17-1 | C13H7Cl2NO3 |
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(4-氯-3-(4-乙氧基苄基)苯基)((3aS,5R,6S,6aS)-6-羟基-2,2-二甲基四氢呋 | (4-chloro-3-(4-ethoxybenzyl)phenyl)((3aS,5R,6S,6aS)-6-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyltetrahydrofuro[2,3-d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)methanone | 1103738-30-2 | C23H25ClO6 |
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(4-氨基-3-硝基苯胺)-(4-氟苯基)-甲酮 | 4-Chlor-4'-fluor-3-nitrobenzophenon | 31431-16-0 | C13H7ClFNO3 |
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(3beta,7alpha,15alpha)-3,7,15-三羟基雄甾-5-烯-17-酮 | 3β,7α,15α-trihydroxy-5-androstene-17-one | 2963-69-1 | C19H28O4 |
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(3S,4R,5S,6R)-2,6-二(羟基甲基)四氢吡喃-2,3,4,5-四醇 | sedoheptulose | 3019-74-7 | C7H14O7 |
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(3S)-3-(叔丁氧羰基)氨基-1-氯-4-苯基-2-丁酮 | (S)-tert-butyl (4-chloro-3-oxo-1-phenylbutan-2-yl)carbamate | 102123-74-0 | C15H20ClNO3 |
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(3R,4S)-3-(1-乙氧基乙氧基)-4-苯基-2-氮杂环丁酮 | 3-(1-Ethoxyethoxy)-4-phenylazetidin-2-one | 201856-48-6 | C13H17NO3 |
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(3R,4S)-1-苯甲酰-3-(1-乙氧乙氧基)-4-苯基-2-氮杂环丁酮 | (3R,4S)-3-(1-ethoxyethoxy)-4-(phenyl)-N-benzoyl-2-azetidinone | 201856-53-3 | C20H21NO4 |
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(3E,5E)-3,6,10-三甲基十一碳-3,5,9-三烯-2-酮 | pseudoionone | 1117-41-5 | C14H22O |
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(3-氨基苯基)-环丙基甲酮 | (3-aminophenyl)(cyclopropyl)methanone | 162174-75-6 | C10H11NO |
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(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)(4-氟苯基)甲酮 | (3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)(4-fluorophenyl)methanone | 71186-85-1 | C15H13FO3 |
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(3,4-二氨基苯)(4-氟苯)甲酮 | (3,4-diaminophenyl)(4-fluorophenyl)ketone | 66938-86-1 | C13H11FN2O |
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