The fate of the widely used herbicide, endothall, in various organisms and systems is reviewed. Limited results indicate that endothall absorbed by plants and fish is completely metabolized, but in mammals it is excreted largely as the bound form.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
副作用
职业性肝毒素 - 第二性肝毒素:在职业环境中的毒性效应潜力是基于人类摄入或动物实验的中毒病例。
Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.
来源:Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases
毒理性
相互作用
内皮尔与异丙基苯基碳酰胺的混合制剂,Murbetol,比单独任一成分的除草活性高出数百倍。
The combined preparation of endothall and isopropyl phenylcarbamate, Murbetol, is hundreds of times more herbicidal than either of the ingredients alone.
Cell adhesion and neurite outgrowth, mediated by the neural cell adhesion molecule L1, are inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by ethanol and other small alcohols. Ethanol inhibition of L1-mediated adhesion may contribute to the development of fetal alcohol syndrome. Although the pharmacology of ethanol inhibition of L1 adhesion is well characterized and antagonist molecules have been identified, the cellular mechanism underlying this phenomenon is unclear. The identification of ethanol-sensitive and insensitive cell lines derived from the same stable transfection of L1 suggests that additional cellular factors regulate the ethanol effect. Here we investigate the role of intracellular signaling molecules in ethanol inhibition of L1 adhesion. L1-mediated functions can be controlled by phosphorylation events and several kinases are known to phosphorylate L1, including casein kinase II (CK2), ERK 1/2 and p90rsk. Pharmacological inhibition of CK2 activity blocked ethanol inhibition of L1 adhesion in ethanol-sensitive NIH/3T3 cells stably expressing human L1 (2A2-L1) and in BMP-7 treated NG108 cells. However, ethanol had no direct effect on CK2 activity or subunit localization. We next asked what effect protein phosphatase inhibitors would have on ethanol sensitivity. Pretreating 2A2-L1 cells and BMP-7 treated NG108 cells with okadaic acid significantly reduced ethanol inhibition of L1 adhesion in a dose dependent manner (IC50 = 10 nM). Similar effects were seen with another phosphatase inhibitor, endothall. Neither of these drugs had any effect on L1 adhesion in. the absence of ethanol. The necessity of CK2 and phosphatase activity for ethanol sensitivity may be explained by the fact that phosphatase PP2A is activated by CK2. Thus, inhibiting CK2 could also reduce PP2A activity. The fact that ethanol has no direct effect on CK2 activity supports the idea that another protein (PP2A), besides CK2, may be a more direct regulator of ethanol sensitivity for L1 adhesion. Together, these results show that ethanol' inhibition of L1 adhesion can be controlled by intracellular signaling pathways and suggest new avenues for the development of ethanol antagonists.
The beneficial effect of phosphodiesterase 5A inhibition in ischemia/reperfusion injury and cardiac hypertrophy is well established. Inhibition of the cardiac Na(+)/H(+) exchanger (NHE-1) exerts beneficial effects on these same conditions, and a possible link between these therapeutic strategies was suggested. Experiments were performed in isolated cat cardiomyocytes to gain insight into the intracellular pathway involved in the reduction of NHE-1 activity by phosphodiesterase 5A inhibition. NHE-1 activity was assessed by the rate of intracellular pH recovery from a sustained acidic load in the absence of bicarbonate. Phosphodiesterase 5A inhibition with sildenafil (1 umol/L) did not affect basal intracellular pH; yet, it did decrease proton efflux (J(H); in millimoles per liter per minute) after the acidic load (proton efflux: 6.97 +/- 0.43 in control versus 3.31+/- 0.58 with sildenafil; P<0.05). The blockade of both protein phosphatase 1 and 2A with 100 nmol/L of okadaic acid reverted the sildenafil effect (proton efflux: 6.77+/- 0.82). In contrast, selective inhibition of protein phosphatase 2A (1 nmol/L of okadaic acid or 100 umol/L of endothall) did not (3.86 +/- 1.0 and 2.61+/- 1.2), suggesting that only protein phosphatase 1 was involved in sildenafil-induced NHE-1 inhibition. Moreover, sildenafil prevented the acidosis-induced increase in NHE-1 phosphorylation without affecting activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2-p90(RSK) pathway. Our results suggest that phosphodiesterase 5A inhibition decreases NHE-1 activity, during intracellular pH recovery after an acidic load, by a protein phosphatase 1-dependent reduction in NHE-1 phosphorylation.
Wash endothall from the skin with soap and water. Flush contamination from the eyes with copious amounts of clean water. Obtain medical attention if irritation of skin or eyes persists.
Over 90% of radioactivity from (14)carbon labeled endothall administration orally to rats recovered in feces. Remainder recovered from urine and as expired air. Virtually complete recovery of administered dose within 48 hr.
When bluegills were exposed in aquaria to water containing 2 ppm of (14)Carbon endothall, less than 1% of the herbicide was absorbed by the fish. The concentration of (14)Carbon residues were highest in the viscera and lowest in the flesh. Endothall is also absorbed by the fish when fed through the digestive tract.
...labeled endothall /was administered/ to two lactating rats to determine whether endothall was secreted in milk The animals received a daily oral dose of 0.2 mg endothall (in 10% sucrose solution) for five consecutive days prior to delivery. After birth, dams received a daily dose of 0.4 mg endothall in 10% sucrose solution for five consecutive days. After sacrifice of the pups, no radioactivity was detected in any of the tissues or stomach contents suggesting that endothall was not secreted into the milk of lactating rats.
1.周国泰,化学危险品安全技术全书,化学工业出版社,1997 2.国家环保局有毒化学品管理办公室、北京化工研究院合编,化学品毒性法规环境数据手册,中国环境科学出版社.1992 3.Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety,CHEMINFO Database.1998 4.Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety, RTECS Database, 1989