第一菊酸是一种白色结晶或淡黄色固体,并含有顺反异构体。由于不同比例的顺反异构体,其熔点有所差异:(±)反式菊酸的熔点为54~55℃,而(±)顺式菊酸的熔点则为114~115℃。它在109℃/133Pa下的沸点为109℃。第一菊酸不溶于水,但在乙醇、苯和乙醚等有机溶剂中可溶解。
用途简称菊酸,其化学名称为(±)顺反-2,2-二甲基-3-(2-甲基丙烯基)环丙烷羧酸[(±)cis-trans-2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methyl-1-propenyl)cyclopropane carboxylic acid],是拟除虫菊酯的重要中间体。可以用于合成多种拟除虫菊酯类化合物,如烯丙菊酯、丙炔菊酯、苄呋菊酯、胺菊酯、甲醚菊酯、炔呋菊酯、甲呋炔菊酯、苯醚菊酯、炔戊菊酯和苯氰菊酯等。
生产方法第一菊酸的合成方法多种多样,但目前工业上主要采用重氮乙酸酯法(Harper和Campbell法)和异戊烯基砜法(Martel法)。以下是这两种方法的具体反应方程式:
重氮乙酸酯法
异戊烯基砜法 (Martel 法)
得到的菊酸乙酯或甲酯在碱性醇溶液中水解,再进行酸化处理后即可制得第一菊酸。后来有研究显示,通过原乙酸酯法也可合成第一菊酸。具体步骤为:将异丁烯与异丁酰氯在AlCl₃催化下缩合得到2,5-二甲基己烯-2-酮-3;再经NaBH₄还原反应后与原乙酸酯反应生成3,3,6-三甲基庚烯-4-酸乙酯,随后通过氯气加成反应、脱去氯化氢并进行环合操作即可得到(±)顺反第一菊酸乙酯,且以反式异构体为主。
在制备过程中,将菊酸乙酯或甲酯的碱液和乙醇(或甲醇)分别加入反应瓶中,并加热搅拌回流4~6小时。之后,在常压下回收乙醇(或甲醇),所得液体经盐酸酸化处理后,再用甲苯或苯萃取分离有机层。洗涤、干燥并去除溶剂后即可得到纯度较高的菊酸,收率可达96%~97%。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 分子量 |
---|---|---|---|---|
(+)-反式-菊酸 | (1R,3R)-trans-chrysanthemic acid | 4638-92-0 | C10H16O2 | 168.236 |
—— | cis-Chrysanthemic acid | 2935-23-1 | C10H16O2 | 168.236 |
(1R-顺式)-2,2-二甲基-3-(2-甲基丙-1-烯基)环丙烷羧酸 | (1R)-cis-chrysanthemic acid | 26771-11-9 | C10H16O2 | 168.236 |
菊酸甲酯 | chrysanthemumic acid methyl ester | 5460-63-9 | C11H18O2 | 182.263 |
菊酸乙酯 | ethyl 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylpropenyl)cyclopropanecarboxylate | 97-41-6 | C12H20O2 | 196.29 |
—— | trans-tert-butyl 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methyl-1-propenyl)cyclopropanecarboxylate | —— | C14H24O2 | 224.343 |
2,2-二甲基-3-(2-甲基丙-1-烯基)环丙烷-1-甲醛 | (2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-1-en-1-yl))cyclopropane-1-carbaldehyde | 7427-85-2 | C10H16O | 152.236 |
(±)-菊醇 | chrysanthemol | 5617-92-5 | C10H18O | 154.252 |
菊酰氯 | 3-(2-methyl-1-propenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarbonyl chloride | 14297-81-5 | C10H15ClO | 186.681 |
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 分子量 |
---|---|---|---|---|
(1R,3R)-2,2-二甲基-3-(2-甲基丙-1-烯基)环丙烷-1-羧酸 | (1S,3S)-trans-chrysanthemic acid | 705-16-8 | C10H16O2 | 168.236 |
(+)-反式-菊酸 | (1R,3R)-trans-chrysanthemic acid | 4638-92-0 | C10H16O2 | 168.236 |
(1R-顺式)-2,2-二甲基-3-(2-甲基丙-1-烯基)环丙烷羧酸 | (1R)-cis-chrysanthemic acid | 26771-11-9 | C10H16O2 | 168.236 |
—— | cis-Chrysanthemic acid | 2935-23-1 | C10H16O2 | 168.236 |
菊酸甲酯 | chrysanthemumic acid methyl ester | 5460-63-9 | C11H18O2 | 182.263 |
—— | chrysanthemumic acid-anhydride | 14297-82-6 | C20H30O3 | 318.456 |
2,2-二甲基-3-(2-甲基丙-1-烯基)环丙烷-1-甲醛 | (2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-1-en-1-yl))cyclopropane-1-carbaldehyde | 7427-85-2 | C10H16O | 152.236 |
—— | trans-chrysanthemyl alcohol | 2861-25-8 | C10H18O | 154.252 |
—— | cis-chrysanthemyl alcohol | 2861-25-8 | C10H18O | 154.252 |
—— | Hexa-1,4-diyn-3-yl 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)cyclopropane-1-carboxylate | 54406-68-7 | C16H20O2 | 244.334 |
—— | Hepta-1,4-diyn-3-yl 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)cyclopropane-1-carboxylate | 54406-69-8 | C17H22O2 | 258.36 |
—— | Hex-4-en-1-yn-3-yl 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)cyclopropane-1-carboxylate | 54406-45-0 | C16H22O2 | 246.349 |
—— | Octa-1,4,7-triyn-3-yl 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)cyclopropane-1-carboxylate | 54406-76-7 | C18H20O2 | 268.356 |
—— | 6-Methoxyhexa-1,4-diyn-3-yl 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)cyclopropane-1-carboxylate | 54406-72-3 | C17H22O3 | 274.36 |
—— | 6-Ethoxyhexa-1,4-diyn-3-yl 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)cyclopropane-1-carboxylate | 54406-74-5 | C18H24O3 | 288.387 |
—— | Octa-1,4-diyn-3-yl 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)cyclopropane-1-carboxylate | 54406-70-1 | C18H24O2 | 272.387 |
—— | 7-Methoxyhepta-1,4-diyn-3-yl 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)cyclopropane-1-carboxylate | 54406-73-4 | C18H24O3 | 288.387 |
—— | Oct-7-en-1,4-diyn-3-yl 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)cyclopropane-1-carboxylate | 54406-75-6 | C18H22O2 | 270.371 |
—— | Nona-1,4-diyn-3-yl 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)cyclopropane-1-carboxylate | 54406-71-2 | C19H26O2 | 286.414 |
—— | Nona-1,4,8-triyn-3-yl 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)cyclopropane-1-carboxylate | 54406-78-9 | C19H22O2 | 282.382 |
—— | 5-Methylhex-4-en-1-yn-3-yl 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)cyclopropane-1-carboxylate | 54406-47-2 | C17H24O2 | 260.376 |
—— | Non-8-en-2,5-diyn-4-yl 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)cyclopropane-1-carboxylate | 54451-14-8 | C19H24O2 | 284.398 |
—— | Non-8-en-1,4-diyn-3-yl 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)cyclopropane-1-carboxylate | 54406-77-8 | C19H24O2 | 284.398 |
—— | Oct-4-en-1,7-diyn-3-yl 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)cyclopropane-1-carboxylate | 54406-54-1 | C18H22O2 | 270.371 |
4-甲氧甲苛苄基(R,S)顺、反-2,2-二甲基-3-异丁烯基环丙烷羧酸酯 | Methothrin | 34388-29-9 | C19H26O3 | 302.4 |
—— | Non-4-en-1,8-diyn-3-yl 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)cyclopropane-1-carboxylate | 54407-00-0 | C19H24O2 | 284.398 |
—— | 8-Chlorooct-7-en-1,4-diyn-3-yl 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)cyclopropane-1-carboxylate | 54406-79-0 | C18H21ClO2 | 304.817 |
—— | Octa-4,6-dien-1-yn-3-yl 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)cyclopropane-1-carboxylate | 54406-50-7 | C18H24O2 | 272.387 |
—— | 4-Methylhex-4-en-1-yn-3-yl 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)cyclopropane-1-carboxylate | 54406-46-1 | C17H24O2 | 260.376 |
—— | 1-Cyclopent-2-en-1-ylpent-1-en-4-yn-3-yl 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)cyclopropane-1-carboxylate | 54406-87-0 | C20H26O2 | 298.425 |
右旋反式炔戊菊酯 | empenthrin | 54406-48-3 | C18H26O2 | 274.403 |
—— | (5-Methyl-4-methylidenehex-1-yn-3-yl) 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)cyclopropane-1-carboxylate | 54406-51-8 | C18H26O2 | 274.403 |
—— | chrysanthemumic acid amide | 22841-81-2 | C10H17NO | 167.251 |
—— | 4-Methyloct-4-en-1,7-diyn-3-yl 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)cyclopropane-1-carboxylate | 54406-98-3 | C19H24O2 | 284.398 |
—— | 4-Methylnona-4,8-dien-1-yn-3-yl 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)cyclopropane-1-carboxylate | 54406-97-2 | C20H28O2 | 300.441 |
—— | 4-Methylocta-4,7-dien-1-yn-3-yl 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)cyclopropane-1-carboxylate | 54406-53-0 | C19H26O2 | 286.414 |
—— | 3-Methylhept-2-en-5-yn-4-yl 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)cyclopropane-1-carboxylate | 54406-41-6 | C18H26O2 | 274.403 |
菊酰氯 | 3-(2-methyl-1-propenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarbonyl chloride | 14297-81-5 | C10H15ClO | 186.681 |
—— | Methyl 2-[2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)cyclopropyl]acetate | 27373-85-9 | C12H20O2 | 196.29 |
—— | 6-Phenylhex-4-en-1-yn-3-yl 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)cyclopropane-1-carboxylate | 54406-66-5 | C22H26O2 | 322.447 |
—— | (1-Cyclohexyl-2-methylpent-1-en-4-yn-3-yl) 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)cyclopropane-1-carboxylate | 57945-72-9 | C22H32O2 | 328.495 |
—— | (1-Cyclohex-3-en-1-yl-2-methylpent-1-en-4-yn-3-yl) 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)cyclopropane-1-carboxylate | 54406-93-8 | C22H30O2 | 326.479 |