4-硝基苯乙基溴是一种重要的精细化工产品。由于其分子中含有硝基、卤素和苯环等易反应官能团,因此在医药和染料等领域有广泛的应用前景。市场需求旺盛,市场前景良好。
合成方法以β-溴苯乙烷为原料,使用醋酸、醋酐和发烟硝酸作为硝化剂合成4-硝基苯乙基溴。实验考察了反应条件对产品收率的影响。结果表明,适宜的反应条件是:将反应温度控制在 -5℃,使用0.1摩尔β-溴苯乙烷配以0.15摩尔发烟硝酸和0.12摩尔醋酐,在4小时内完成反应,最终得到的产品收率为69.2%。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 分子量 |
---|---|---|---|---|
对乙基硝基苯 | 4-ethylnitrobenzene | 100-12-9 | C8H9NO2 | 151.165 |
对硝基苯乙醇 | 2-(4-nitrophenyl)ethanol | 100-27-6 | C8H9NO3 | 167.164 |
4-硝基苯乙胺 | 2-(p-nitrophenyl)ethylamine | 24954-67-4 | C8H10N2O2 | 166.18 |
对硝基苯乙酸 | 4-nitrobenzeneacetic acid | 104-03-0 | C8H7NO4 | 181.148 |
2-(4-硝基苯基)乙酰氯 | 4-nitrophenylacetyl chloride | 50434-36-1 | C8H6ClNO3 | 199.594 |
4-硝基苯乙烯 | 4-nitrostyrene | 100-13-0 | C8H7NO2 | 149.149 |
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 分子量 |
---|---|---|---|---|
4-硝基苯乙醛 | p-nitrophenylacetaldehyde | 1460-05-5 | C8H7NO3 | 165.148 |
对硝基苯乙腈 | 4-Nitrophenylacetonitrile | 555-21-5 | C8H6N2O2 | 162.148 |
1-(2-碘乙基)-4-硝基苯 | 2-(4-nitrophenyl)ethyl iodide | 20264-96-4 | C8H8INO2 | 277.062 |
—— | methyl(4-nitrophenethyl)sulfane | 233772-16-2 | C9H11NO2S | 197.258 |
N-甲基-[2-(4-硝基-苯基)-乙基]-胺 | N-methyl-2-(4-nitrophenyl)ethan-1-amine | 85176-37-0 | C9H12N2O2 | 180.206 |
4-硝基-苯丙腈 | 3-(4-nitrophenyl)propanenitrile | 53563-09-0 | C9H8N2O2 | 176.175 |
—— | N,N-dimethyl-2-(4-nitrophenyl)ethanamine | 5339-05-9 | C10H14N2O2 | 194.233 |
1-(2-叠氮乙基)-4-硝基苯 | 1-(2-azidoethyl)-4-nitrobenzene | 70079-91-3 | C8H8N4O2 | 192.177 |
—— | (4-nitro-phenethyl)-propyl-amine | 5339-13-9 | C11H16N2O2 | 208.26 |
—— | 2-{[2-(4-nitrophenyl)ethyl]amino}ethanol | —— | C10H14N2O3 | 210.233 |
—— | bis[2-(4-nitrophenyl)ethyl]diselenide | 1255907-90-4 | C16H16N2O4Se2 | 458.234 |
1-硝基-4-(2-硝基乙基)苯 | 1-nitro-4-(2-nitroethyl)benzene | 21473-45-0 | C8H8N2O4 | 196.163 |
—— | methyl-bis-(4-nitro-phenethyl)-amine | 115256-47-8 | C17H19N3O4 | 329.356 |
—— | N-Methyl-β-(p-nitrophenyl)-β'-phenyldiaethylamin | 52118-15-7 | C17H20N2O2 | 284.358 |
—— | tert-butyl(2-(p-nitrophenyl)ethyl)amine | 151813-54-6 | C12H18N2O2 | 222.287 |
—— | p-nitrophenylethane thioacetate | 114583-24-3 | C10H11NO3S | 225.268 |
—— | cyclopropyl-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-ethyl]-amine | 853909-27-0 | C11H14N2O2 | 206.244 |
—— | 2-(4-Nitrophenyl)-ethyl-α-thioessigsaeure | 50434-34-9 | C10H11NO4S | 241.268 |
甲基-(4-硝基-苯乙基)-砜 | methyl-(4-nitro-phenethyl)-sulfone | 1027357-11-4 | C9H11NO4S | 229.257 |
—— | N-<2-(4-Nitro-phenyl)-aethyl>-anilin | 841-19-0 | C14H14N2O2 | 242.277 |
2-(4-硝基苯基)乙烷磺酸 | 2-(4-nitro-phenyl)ethanesulfonic acid | 192775-41-0 | C8H9NO5S | 231.229 |
4-硝基苯乙烯 | 4-nitrostyrene | 100-13-0 | C8H7NO2 | 149.149 |
—— | 2-amino-4-(4-nitrophenyl)butanol | 191864-30-9 | C10H14N2O3 | 210.233 |
4-(2-(1-吡咯烷)乙基)硝基苯 | 4-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)ethyl)nitrobenzene | 168897-19-6 | C12H16N2O2 | 220.271 |
—— | 2-(4-nitrobenzyl)-1,3-dioxolane | 134485-50-0 | C10H11NO4 | 209.202 |
1-[2-(4-硝基苯基)乙基]哌嗪 | 1-(p-nitrophenethyl)piperazine | 91098-69-0 | C12H17N3O2 | 235.286 |
—— | 1,4,7,10-tetraaza-1-N-(2-(4-nitrophenyl)ethyl)cyclododecane | 130707-85-6 | C16H27N5O2 | 321.423 |
—— | 1,4-bis[2-(4-nitrophenyl)ethyl]piperazine | 1372151-16-0 | C20H24N4O4 | 384.435 |
1-甲基-4-[2-(4-硝基-苯基)-乙基]-哌嗪 | 1-Methyl-4-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-ethyl]-piperazine | 851651-79-1 | C13H19N3O2 | 249.313 |
—— | (E)-1-nitro-4-(prop-1-en-1-yl)benzene | 1879-55-6 | C9H9NO2 | 163.176 |
—— | 1-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-ethyl]-piperidine | 5339-15-1 | C13H18N2O2 | 234.298 |
4-(2-溴乙基)苯胺 | 4-(2-bromoethyl)aniline | 39232-03-6 | C8H10BrN | 200.078 |
4-(2-(4-硝基苯基)乙基)吗啉 | 4-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-ethyl]-morpholine | 210158-20-6 | C12H16N2O3 | 236.271 |
—— | 1-<2-(4-p-nitrophenyl)ethyl>azepane | 172977-41-2 | C14H20N2O2 | 248.325 |
1-硝基-4-((E)-苯乙烯基)-苯 | trans-4-nitrostilbene | 1694-20-8 | C14H11NO2 | 225.247 |
—— | 2-(4-nitrophenethylsulfinyl)acetic acid | —— | C10H11NO5S | 257.267 |
—— | N-benzyl-N-methyl-p-nitrophenethylamine | 32868-31-8 | C16H18N2O2 | 270.331 |
—— | DL-4-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-aminobutanoic acid | 139973-76-5 | C10H12N2O4 | 224.216 |
—— | N-methyl-N-(4-nitro-phenethyl)-aniline | 37135-87-8 | C15H16N2O2 | 256.304 |
—— | 1-[2-(4-nitrophenyl)ethyl]-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine | 263339-42-0 | C13H16N2O2 | 232.282 |
—— | (2R)-2-methyl-1-[2-(4-nitrophenyl)ethyl]pyrrolidine | 689291-66-5 | C13H18N2O2 | 234.298 |
—— | 4-nitrophenylethyl-4'-hydroxyphenylsulphide | —— | C14H13NO3S | 275.328 |
—— | 3-hydroxy-5,6-dimethoxy-benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid-polymer supported | —— | C11H9O5PolS | 263.34 |
1-[2-(4-硝基苯基)乙基]咪唑 | 1-<2-(4-nitrophenyl)ethyl>-1H-imidazole | 56643-91-5 | C11H11N3O2 | 217.227 |
—— | 1-(3-methyl-3-nitro-butyl)-4-nitro-benzene | —— | C11H14N2O4 | 238.243 |
—— | 1-[2-(4-nitrophenyl)ethyl]-4-[2-(4-nitrophenyl)propyl]piperazine | 1372151-32-0 | C21H26N4O4 | 398.462 |
—— | 4,4-difluoro-1-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-ethyl]-piperidine | 1123215-79-1 | C13H16F2N2O2 | 270.279 |
—— | 4-[2-(4-Nitrophenyl)ethyl]piperazin-2-one | 1388003-66-4 | C12H15N3O3 | 249.269 |
—— | 1-(4-nitrophenethyl)-1H-pyrazole | —— | C11H11N3O2 | 217.227 |
1-(2-溴乙基)-2,4-二硝基苯 | 2-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)ethyl bromide | 60680-77-5 | C8H7BrN2O4 | 275.059 |
—— | 1-[1-methyl-2-(4-nitrophenyl)ethyl]-4-[2-(4-nitrophenyl)ethyl]piperazine | 1372151-33-1 | C21H26N4O4 | 398.462 |
The reaction of 1-bromo-2-X-2-(Y-phenyl) ethane derivatives (1: X = Y = H; 2: X = Ph, Y = H; 3: X = H, Y = 4-Ac; 4: X = H, Y = 3-NO2; 5: X = H, Y = 4-NO2; 6: X = H, Y = 3-Me; 7: X = H, Y = 4-Me) in basic solution was studied, and in most cases, only the elimination product is formed. Only (2-bromo-1-phenylethyl)benzene, 2, yielded significant substitution product, and this yield decreased with the concentration of HO-. Addition of cyclodextrin (β-CD) diminished (about half for 0.02 M cyclodextrin concentration) the reaction rate of all substrates but 4 and 5. In the latter two cases, the rate rises. The observed rate-constant value at 0.5 M NaOH is 6.78 × 10-4 s-1 (at 40°C) and 1.80 × 10-3 s-1 (at 25°C) for 4 and 5, respectively. Under the same reaction conditions but with 0.01 M β-CD, the corresponding rates were 7.70 × 10-4 s-1 and 5.20 × 10-3 s-1. The elimination yield for 2 increased from 64 to 98% when the β-CD changed from zero to 0.02 M at 0.5 M NaHO. Also, there was an increase in the relative elimination products of 20-40% for compounds 6 and 7. The Hammet ρ values were 1.3 and 2.3 for the reaction in pure solvent and in the presence of β-cyclodextrin, indicating an increase in the negative character of the transition state for the reactions in the latter conditions. The results are interpreted in terms of the formation of an inclusion complex whose structure depends on the substrate.Key words: cyclodextrin, elimination reactions, inhibition, catalysis.