IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Octacosane is a higher n-alkane containing 28 carbon atoms (C28). HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: There are no data available. ANIMAL STUDIES: A homologous series of n-alkanes ranging from n-C12-n-C31 was found in all samples of liver, heart, kidneys, muscle and adipose bovine tissues.
/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Aliphatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/
/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . Treat frostbite with rapid rewarming techniques ... ./Aliphatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/
/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) or lorazepam (Ativan) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Aliphatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/
Emergency and supportive measures. 1. General. Provide basic supportive care for all symptomatic patients. Maintain an open airway and assist ventilation if necessary. Administer supplemental oxygen. Monitor arterial blood gases or oximetry, chest radiographs, and ECG and admit symptomatic patients to an intensive care setting. Use epinephrine and other beta-adrenergic medications with caution in patients with significant hydrocarbon intoxication because arrhythmias may be induced. 2. Pulmonary aspiration. Patients who remain completely asymptomatic after 4-6 hours of observation may be discharged. In contrast, if the patient is coughing on arrival, aspiration probably has occurred. Administer supplemental oxygen and treat bronchospasm and hypoxia if they occur. Do not use steroids or prophylactic antibiotics. 3. Ingestion. In the vast majority of accidental childhood ingestions, less than 5-10 mL is actually swallowed and systemic toxicity is rare. Treatment is primarily supportive. Injection. For injections into the fingertip or hand, especially those involving a high-pressure paint gun, consult with a plastic or hand surgeon immediately, as prompt wide exposure, irrigation, and debridement are often required. /Hydrocarbons/
Liver, heart, kidneys, muscle and adipose (perirenal and s.c.) /bovine/ tissues were collected from 6 animals for analysis of their hydrocarbon composition. Qualitative and quantitative determinations were carried out by gas chromatography and combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Although differing in the proportions, a homologous series of n-alkanes ranging from n-C12-n-C31 was found in all samples. The isoprenoid hydrocarbons phytane and phytene (phyt-1-ene and phyt-2-ene) were also identified. (These findings have relevance to the health of humans consuming hydrocarbon-contaminated meats.) /n-Alkanes/
Arthrobacter nicotianae KCC B35 isolated from blue-green mats densely covering oil sediments along the Arabian Gulf coast grew well on C10 to C40 n-alkanes as sole sources of carbon and energy. Growth on C20 to C40 alkanes was even better than on C10 to C18 alkanes. Biomass samples incubated for 6 hr with n-octacosane (C28) or n-nonacosane (C29) accumulated these compounds as the predominant constituent alkanes of the cell hydrocarbon fractions. The even chain hexadecane C16 and the odd chain pentadecane C15 were the second dominant constituent alkanes in C28 and C29 incubated cells, respectively. n-Hexadecane-incubated cells accumulated in their lipids higher proportions of C16-fatty acids than control cells not incubated with hydrocarbons. On the other hand, C28 and C29-incubated cells did not contain any fatty acids with the equivalent chain lengths, but the fatty acid patterns of the cell lipids suggest that there should have been mid-chain oxidation of these very long chain alkanes. This activity qualifies A. nicotianae KCC B35 to be used in cocktails for bioremediating environments polluted with heavy oil sediments.
NMR-based molecular ruler for determining the depth of intercalants within the lipid bilayer
摘要：
The development of "molecular rulers" would allow one to quantitatively locate the penetration depth of intercalants within lipid bilayers. To this end, an attempt was made to correlate the C-13 NMR chemical shift of polarizable "reporter" carbons (e.g., carbonyls) of intercalants within DMPC liposomal bilayers - with the polarity it experiences, and with its Angstrom distance from the interface.This requires families of molecules with two "reporter carbons" separated by a known distance, residing at various depths/polarities within the bilayer. For this purpose, two homologous series of dicarbonyl compounds, methyl n-oxooctadecanoates and the corresponding n-oxooctadecanoic acids (n = 4-16), were synthesized. To assist in assignment and detection several homologs in each system were prepared (13)C(-)enriched in both carbonyls. Within each family, the number of carbons and functional groups remains the same, with the only difference being the location of the second ketone carbonyl along the fatty acid chain. Surprisingly, the head groups within each family are not anchored near the lipid-water interface, nor are they even all located at the same depth. Nevertheless, using an iterative best fit analysis of the data points enables one to obtain an exponential curve. The latter gives substantial insight into the correlation between polarity (measured in terms of the Reichardt polarity parameter, E-T(30)) and penetration depth into the liposomal bilayer. Still missing from this curve are data points in the moderate polarity range. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
Bifunctional compounds from reaction of alkoxy hydroperoxides with metal salts
作者：G. Cardinale、J.A.M. Laan、D. Van Der Steen、J.P. Ward
DOI：10.1016/s0040-4020(01)91447-4
日期：1985.1
with ferrous sulfate. C-C bond scission and radical formation was followed by dimerization of the radicals formed. Ozonides reacted similarly. Acyclic and cyclic olefins, including a cyclic enol ether, gave rise to a range of α,ω-disubstituted products in modest yields. By using ferric chloride, ω-chloro esters were obtained from the alkoxy hydroperoxides derived from olefinic esters.
[DE] VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG PRIMÄRER LANGKETTIGER ALKOHOLE<br/>[EN] METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF PRIMARY LONG-CHAIN ALCOHOLS<br/>[FR] PROCEDE POUR PRODUIRE DES ALCOOLS PRIMAIRES A LONGUE CHAINE
申请人：SASOL GERMANY GMBH
公开号：WO2005123639A1
公开（公告）日：2005-12-29
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung linearer langkettiger Fettalkohole mit 20 bis 40 Kohlenstoffatomen durch Wachstumsreaktion von Ethylen an Aluminium-Verbindungen.
该发明涉及一种通过乙烯在铝化合物上的生长反应制备具有20到40个碳原子的线性长链脂肪醇的方法。
Efficient Heterogeneous Dual Catalyst Systems for Alkane Metathesis
作者：Zheng Huang、Eleanor Rolfe、Emily C. Carson、Maurice Brookhart、Alan S. Goldman、Sahar H. El-Khalafy、Amy H. Roy MacArthur
DOI：10.1002/adsc.200900539
日期：2010.1.4
A fully heterogeneous and highly efficient dual catalyst system for alkane metathesis (AM) has been developed. The system is comprised of an alumina‐supported iridiumpincercatalyst for alkanedehydrogenation/olefin hydrogenation and a second heterogeneous olefin metathesis catalyst. The iridiumcatalysts bear basic functional groups on the aromatic backbone of the pincer ligand and are strongly adsorbed
The Reductive Coupling of Organic Halide Using Hydrazine and a Palladium Catalyst. II. Homocoupling of 1-Iodoalkanes
作者：Riichiro Nakajima、Kazuhiro Morita、Tadashi Hara
DOI：10.1246/bcsj.54.3599
日期：1981.11
The hydrogenolysis and dimerization of iodoalkanes were catalyzed by Pd in the presence of an appropriate reducing agent. Hydrazine was found to be effective for the coupling of 1-iodoeicosane to give tetracontane, C40H82, in a 74% yield. The yield of the coupling product decreased with the decrease of the number of the carbon atoms in the 1-iodoalkanes. Both alkylhydrazines and alkenes were shown
