1,2-butylene oxide appears as a clear colorless volatile liquid with an ethereal odor. Flash point near 0°F. Density about 6.9 lb / gal. Soluble in water. Boiling point near 140°F. Flammable over a wide range of vapor-air concentrations. May polymerize with the evolution of heat and possible rupture of container if contaminated. Vapors irritate eyes, skin and respiratory system. Prolonged contact with skin may cause in delayed burns. Vapors are heavier than air. Used as an intermediate to make various polymers. Chemicals that polymerize are often stabilized by refrigeration.
颜色/状态:
Colorless liquid
气味:
Disagreeable odor
蒸汽密度:
2.49 (NTP, 1992) (Relative to Air)
蒸汽压力:
170 mm Hg at 24 °C
大气OH速率常数:
1.91e-12 cm3/molecule*sec
自燃温度:
822 °F (439 °C)
分解:
When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and fumes.
粘度:
0.40 mPa.s at 25 °C
燃烧热:
-15,200 btu/lb (-8,470 cal/g or -3.54X10+7 J/kg)
汽化热:
30.3 kJ/mol at 63.4 °C
表面张力:
23.5 mN/m at 25 °C
聚合:
Hazardous polymerization may occur. Usually contains inhibitors to prevent polymerization. Uninhibited monomer vapor may form polymer in vents and other confined spaces.
IDENTIFICATION AND USE: 1-Butene oxide is a colorless liquid with a pungent, disagreeable, sweetish odor, somewhat like butyric acid. It is used as an intermediate, for various polymers, a stabilizer for chlorinated solvents, and a corrosion inhibitor. 1-Butene oxide is also used as an acid scavenger for chlorine-containing materials such as trichloroethylene and to react with ammonia to produce alkanolamines. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: 1-Butene oxide is possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B). ANIMAL STUDIES: 1-Butene oxide was irritating to the eyes. Irritating effects to the skin were severe (corrosion) if evaporation was minimized due to occlusive application, but there was no effect by semi-occlusive application. It was not sensitizing in a guinea pig maximization test. In 90-day inhalation studies with rats and mice 1-butene oxide mainly caused nasal lesions. Systemic effects occurred at higher concentrations (rat 2400 mg/cu m: decreased mean body weight gain; mice 2400 mg/cu m: e.g. renal tubular necrosis). There is clear evidence for 1-butene oxide being a locally acting carcinogen in male rats (inhalation of 600 mg/cu m caused no tumors and 1,200 mg/cu m caused neoplasms of the nasal cavity and the lung of male rats) and there is equivocal evidence for a carcinogenic activity in female rats. There was no evidence for carcinogenic activity in male or female mice. 1-Butene oxide was genotoxic in vitro. However, it did not cause chromosomal aberrations in bone marrow or dominant-lethal mutations in germ cells of rats. With respect to reproductive toxicity the 90 day studies with rat and mice did not reveal adverse effects on the reproductive organs up to 2400 mg/kg body weight. Additionally, the lack of an effect from pre-gestational exposure in the developmental toxicity study and a negative dominant-lethal test may indicate that 1,2-epoxybutane does not reach male and female germ cells in effective concentrations. No developmental toxicity or teratogenicity was detected in rats after inhalation of up to 3,000 mg/cu m throughout gestation.
Evaluation: No epidemiological data relevant to the carcinogenicity of 1,2-epoxybutane were available. There is limited evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of 1,2-epoxybutane. Overall evaluation: 1,2-Epoxybutane is possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B). In making the overall evaluation, the Working Group took into consideration that 1,2-epoxybutane is a direct acting alkylating agent which is mutagenic in a range of test systems.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
致癌物分类
国际癌症研究机构致癌物:1,2-环氧丁烷
IARC Carcinogenic Agent:1,2-Epoxybutane
来源:International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)
毒理性
致癌物分类
国际癌症研究机构(IARC)致癌物分类:2B组:可能对人类致癌
IARC Carcinogenic Classes:Group 2B: Possibly carcinogenic to humans
来源:International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)
IARC Monographs:Volume 47: (1989) Some Organic Solvents, Resin Monomers and Related Compounds, Pigments and Occupational Exposures in Paint Manufacture and Painting
来源:International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)
/When/ 1,2-epoxybutane was administered as a single dose to rats (1.9 mmol/kg), 11% of the original dose was excreted in the urine as 2-hydroxybutyl mercapturic acid.
The synthesis of simple alkyl substituted spiroacetals by α,α′-alkylation of metalated acetone dimethylhydrazone with appropriate electrophiles and subsequent acid catalyzed cleavage and ring closure of the products is described.
Asymmetric hydrolytic kinetic resolution with recyclable polymeric Co(<scp>iii</scp>)–salen complexes: a practical strategy in the preparation of (S)-metoprolol, (S)-toliprolol and (S)-alprenolol: computational rationale for enantioselectivity
作者:Tamal Roy、Sunirmal Barik、Manish Kumar、Rukhsana I. Kureshy、Bishwajit Ganguly、Noor-ul H. Khan、Sayed H. R. Abdi、Hari C. Bajaj
DOI:10.1039/c4cy00594e
日期:——
epoxide (up to 46% compared to 50% theoretical yield) along with high enantioselectivity (up to 99%) were obtained in most cases using catalyst 1. Further studies showed that catalyst 1 could retain its catalyticactivity for six cycles under the present reaction conditions without any significant loss in activity or enantioselectivity. To show the practical applicability of the above synthesized catalyst
Lead‐Free Cs
<sub>3</sub>
Bi
<sub>2</sub>
Br
<sub>9</sub>
Perovskite as Photocatalyst for Ring‐Opening Reactions of Epoxides
作者:Yitao Dai、Harun Tüysüz
DOI:10.1002/cssc.201900716
日期:2019.6.21
Herein, an innovative approach was developed by using stable, lead‐free halide perovskite for solar‐driven organic synthesis. The ring‐opening reaction of epoxides was chosen as a model system for the synthesis of value‐added β‐alkoxy alcohols, which require energy‐intensive process conditions and corrosive, strong acids for conventional synthesis. The developed concept included the in situ preparation
在此,通过将稳定的无铅卤化物钙钛矿用于太阳能驱动的有机合成,开发了一种创新方法。选择环氧化合物的开环反应作为合成增值β-烷氧基醇的模型系统,这需要能量密集的工艺条件和常规合成所需的腐蚀性强酸。研发的概念包括原位制备Cs 3 Bi 2 Br 9以及将其同时用作可见光照射下在293 K的空气中进行环氧化物醇解的光催化剂,对β-烷氧基醇和硫杂化合物。Cs 3 Bi 2 Br 9光催化剂表现出良好的稳定性和可回收性。相反,铅基钙钛矿的转化率仅为1%。出乎意料的催化行为的起源归因于光催化过程与卤化钙钛矿型钙钛矿光催化剂表面上合适的路易斯酸中心的结合。
Zinc(<scp>II</scp>)-catalysed transformation of epoxides to aziridines
作者:Dorte Kühnau、Ib Thomsen、Karl Anker Jørgensen
DOI:10.1039/p19960001167
日期:——
The Lewis acid-catalysed transformation of epoxides to aziridines with iminophosphoranes as the nitrogen-fragment donor has been investigated. Of the Lewis acids tested, zinc(II) complexes had the best catalytic properties. The method works best for terminal and cyclic epoxides, internal epoxides being less reactive. Of the various iminophosphoranes employed N-(triphenylphosphoranylidene)-aniline and
[EN] GLYCOLATE OXIDASE INHIBITORS FOR THE TREATMENT OF DISEASE<br/>[FR] INHIBITEURS DE GLYCOLATE OXYDASE POUR LE TRAITEMENT D'UNE MALADIE
申请人:BIOMARIN PHARM INC
公开号:WO2020257487A1
公开(公告)日:2020-12-24
Described herein are compounds, methods of making such compounds, pharmaceutical compositions and medicaments containing such compounds, and methods of using such compounds to treat or prevent diseases or disorders associated with a defect in glyoxylate metabolism, for example a disease or disorder associated with the enzyme glycolate oxidase (GO) or alterations in oxalate metabolism. Such diseases or disorders include, for example, disorders of glyoxylate metabolism, including primary hyperoxaluria, that are associated with production of excessive amounts of oxalate.