Butyl acrylate appears as a clear colorless liquid with a sharp characteristic odor. Very slightly soluble in water and somewhat less dense than water. Hence forms surface slick on water. Flash point 105°F. Density 7.5 lb / gal. Used for making paints, coatings, caulks, sealants, adhesives.
颜色/状态:
Colorless liquid
气味:
Sharp, fragrant
蒸汽密度:
4.42 (NTP, 1992) (Relative to Air)
蒸汽压力:
5.45 mm Hg at 25 °C
自燃温度:
559 °F (292 °C)
分解:
When heated to decomposition it emits acrid and irritating fumes.
燃烧热:
974.46 kcal/mol
汽化热:
8.11 kcal/mol
表面张力:
20 dynes/cm = 0.020 N/m at 27 °C (est)
聚合:
Hazardous polymerization may occur. Polymerization may be caused by elevated temperature, oxidizers, peroxides, or sunlight. ... Uninhibited monomer vapor may form polymer in vents and other confined spaces.
After oral administration, n-butyl acrylate is rapidly absorbed and metabolized in male rats (75% was eliminated as CO2, approximately 10% via urine and 2% via feces). The major portion of n-butyl acrylate was hydrolyzed by carboxyesterase to acrylic acid and butanol.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
代谢
在大鼠肝脏匀浆中,n-丁基丙烯酸酯的快速水解中,酯消失的速度与丙烯酸出现的速度相同。在一系列丙烯酸酯中,n-丁基丙烯酸酯被小鼠鼻黏膜的5000 X g上清液非常迅速地水解...这会导致刺激性的丙烯酸在局部浓度升高,与鼻黏膜作为吸入该酯类毒性效应的目标器官相一致。
/In/ the rapid hydrolysis of n-butyl acrylate in whole homogenate of rat liver, the rate of ester disappearance /is/ the same as that of appearance of acrylic acid. Among a series of acrylate esters, n-butyl acrylate was very rapidly hydrolyzed by a 5000 X g supernatant of the nasal mucosa of mice ... This would lead to high local concentrations of the irritant acrylic acid, consistent with the nasal mucosa being a target organ for toxic effects of this ester when inhaled.
Acrylates and methacrylates are detoxified predominantly via conjugation with glutathione via the Michael addition reaction or glutathione-S-transferase. They are also likely to be hydrolyzed via carboxylesterases. The lower molecular weight esters are rapidly metabolized and eliminated, therefore, will not likely cause cumulative toxicity.
The excretion of urinary metabolites was studied in rats dosed intraperitoneally with ethyl acrylate and 1-butyl acrylate ... A significant increase in the amounts of 3-hydroxypropanoic acid and acetic acid excreted within 24 hr after dosing was found in both the ethyl acrylate and 1-butyl acrylate-exposed rats. A slight increase in the excretion of lactic acid (p < 0.10) was also found in animals exposed to ethyl and 1-butyl acrylates. Two mercapturic acids, N-acetyl-S-(2-carboxyethyl)cysteine and the corresponding N-acetyl-S-[(2-alkoxycarbonyl)ethyl]cysteine were formed from both acrylate esters ... For ethyl acrylate the conversion to mercapturic acids amounted to 11% of the administered dose, whereas for 1-butyl acrylate the corresponding conjugates decreased from 3.6% at 0.5 mmol/kg to 1.6% at 3.0 mmol/kg. Mercapturic acids appear to be potential biological markers of exposure to acrylate esters ...
Evaluation: No epidemiological data relevant to the carcinogenicity of n-butyl acrylate were available. There is inadequate evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of n-butyl acrylate. Overall Evaluation: n-Butyl acrylate is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans (Group 3).
IARC Monographs:Volume 39: (1986) Some Chemicals Used in Plastics and Elastomers
Volume Sup 7: Overall Evaluations of Carcinogenicity: An Updating of IARC Monographs Volumes 1 to 42, 1987; 440 pages; ISBN 92-832-1411-0 (out of print)
Volume 71: (1999) Re-evaluation of Some Organic Chemicals, Hydrazine and Hydrogen Peroxide (Part 1, Part 2, Part 3)
来源:International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)
After oral administration, n-butyl acrylate is rapidly absorbed and metabolized in male rats (75% was eliminated as CO2, approximately 10% via urine and 2% via feces). The major portion of n-butyl acrylate was hydrolyzed by carboxyesterase to acrylic acid and butanol and eliminated as CO2. A smaller portion was conjugated with endogenous GSH to be subsequently excreted as mercapturic acids in the urine.
Male Fischer 344 rats were given an IP dose of 40 mg/kg butyl 2,3-(14)C-acrylate (specific activity 20 uCi/kg) in a 1:1:8 v/v solution of ethanol, Emulphor EL-620, and water at 1 mL/kg ... Subgroups of three animals per dose were killed at various intervals between 15 minutes and 3 days after dosing. Butyl acrylate was rapidly delivered to all major tissues; peak concentrations were seen at or before 15 minutes in all tissues except adipose tissue. There was a rapid initial decrease in radioactivity in all major tissues, except adipose tissue, during the first 2 hours after dosing; the elimination slowed to a negligible rate and remained relatively constant between 2 hours and 3 days after dosing. Fifteen minutes after dosing, 154.3, 98.6, and 51.4 ug/g radioactivity was found in the kidneys, liver, and blood, respectively; the amounts found in the liver, kidneys, and blood were 86.0, 78.7, and 27.0 ug/g, respectively, after 45 minutes; 53.5, 33.7, and 18.5 ug/g, respectively, after 2 hours; and 45.0, 23.0, and 19.8 ug/g, respectively, after 6 hours. (The radioactivity concentration in adipose tissue at 15 minutes, 45 minutes, 2 hours, and 6 hours was 10.8, 10.6, 8.5, and 14.0 ug/g, respectively.) The majority of the dose was excreted in CO2. After 24 hours, 45.3% of the dose was excreted in expired air and 15.6% was excreted in the urine. The greatest amount of radioactivity was found in the adipose tissue, muscle, and skin at this time (12.2%, 5.2%, and 2.7% of the dose, respectively).
n-Butyl (2,3-(14)C)acrylate /was administered/ to rats orally at doses of 4, 40, and 400 mg/kg bw and intravenously at 40 mg/kg bw. After oral administration, n-butyl acrylate was very rapidly absorbed and hydrolyzed to acrylic acid, with more than 75% of the dose eliminated as its metabolic end product (14)CO2. Some 10% of the dose was excreted in the urine, two metabolites being identified as the mercapturic acid N-acetyl-S-(2-carboxyethyl)cysteine and its sulfoxide. The elimination pattern of (14)C was essentially identical at all doses, but additional unidentified (14)C peaks were present in the urine at 400 mg/kg. Comparison of the data from the two routes of administration suggested that n-butyl acrylate exhibited a first-pass effect after oral dosing, but this was not investigated further. n-Butyl acrylate was rapidly and extensively excreted, the tissues being cleared of (14)C by 24-72 hr. After an initial rapid reduction, a small amount of (14)C was retained in whole blood and adipose tissue, possibly by incorporation of (14)C via the one-carbon pool. These findings were confirmed ... using (13)C-labelled n-butyl acrylate with nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. These authors also found a significant enrichment of (13)C in 3-hydroxypropanoic acid in the urine of rats and, when esterase activity was inhibited with tri-o-tolyl phosphate, a third mercapturic acid, N-acetyl-S-(butoxycarbonylethyl)cysteine, was found. This is derived from the reverse Michael addition of glutathione across the alpha,beta-unsaturated bond of n-butyl acrylate. In further work, ... slight increases /were reported/ in the amounts of lactic and acetic acids in rat urine after administration of n-butyl acrylate.
Wistar rats that received an intraperitoneal injection of 90 mg/kg bw n-butyl acrylate excreted 6% of the dose as mercapturic acids in the urine within 24 hr; this amount was increased to 38% when animals were pretreated with tri-ortho-tolyl phosphate, an inhibitor of esterases.
The present invention relates to oligoesters and their use or the creation of additives. Oligoester containing additives and/or oligoesters themselves may be used for formulating pharmaceutical preparations, cosmetics or personal care products such as shampoos and conditioners. These oligoesters are particularly useful for the creation of multi-purpose additives that can impart conditioning, long substantivity and/or UV protection. Individual oligoesters and oligoester mixtures are described.
[EN] POLYCONJUGATES FOR DELIVERY OF RNAI TRIGGERS TO TUMOR CELLS IN VIVO<br/>[FR] POLYCONJUGUÉS POUR L'ADMINISTRATION DE DÉCLENCHEURS D'ARNI À DES CELLULES TUMORALES IN VIVO
申请人:ARROWHEAD RES CORP
公开号:WO2015021092A1
公开(公告)日:2015-02-12
The present invention is directed compositions for delivery of RNA interference (RNAi) triggers to integrin positive tumor cells in vivo. The compositions comprise RGD ligand- targeted amphipathic membrane active polyamines reversibly modified with enzyme cleavable dipeptide-amidobenzyl-carbonate masking agents. Modification masks membrane activity of the polymer while reversibility provides physiological responsiveness. The reversibly modified polyamines (dynamic polyconjugate or conjugate) are further covalently linked to an RNAi trigger.
2‐Pyridyl Sulfoxide: A Versatile and Removable Directing Group for the Pd
<sup>II</sup>
‐Catalyzed Direct CH Olefination of Arenes
作者:Alfonso García‐Rubia、M. Ángeles Fernández‐Ibáñez、Ramón Gómez Arrayás、Juan Carlos Carretero
DOI:10.1002/chem.201003633
日期:2011.3.21
Removable and versatile: The 2‐pyridylsulfinyl group has proved to be an efficient directinggroup in the PdII‐catalyzed aryl ortho CH olefination. This catalyst system enables the sequential double olefination to give asymmetrically di‐ortho‐functionalized arenes. The sulfinyl directinggroup can be easily cleaved, providing access to 1,3‐disubstituted arenes, or transformed into a thiol group.
[EN] BICYCLYL-SUBSTITUTED ISOTHIAZOLINE COMPOUNDS<br/>[FR] COMPOSÉS ISOTHIAZOLINE SUBSTITUÉS PAR UN BICYCLYLE
申请人:BASF SE
公开号:WO2014206910A1
公开(公告)日:2014-12-31
The present invention relates to bicyclyl-substituted isothiazoline compounds of formula (I) wherein the variables are as defined in the claims and description. The compounds are useful for combating or controlling invertebrate pests, in particular arthropod pests and nematodes. The invention also relates to a method for controlling invertebrate pests by using these compounds and to plant propagation material and to an agricultural and a veterinary composition comprising said compounds.
The present invention relates to azoline compounds of formula (I) wherein A, B1, B2, B3, G1, G2, X1, R1, R3a, R3b, Rg1 and Rg2 are as defined in the claims and the description. The compounds are useful for combating or controlling invertebrate pests, in particular arthropod pests and nematodes. The invention also relates to a method for controlling invertebrate pests by using these compounds and to plant propagation material and to an agricultural and a veterinary composition comprising said compounds.