毒理性
识别和使用:2-羟基乙基丙烯酸酯(HEA)是一种液体。HEA主要用于作为聚合物的共聚单体或在制造化学中间体时的化学反应物。在聚合物制造中,HEA可以与丙烯酸、丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸酯、醋酸乙烯酯、氯乙烯、偏二氯乙烯、苯乙烯、丁二烯等进行共聚。与HEA反应的共反应物包括芳香族和脂肪族异氰酸酯、酐和环氧树脂。使用HEA制造的聚合物和化学中间体在汽车顶层涂料、建筑涂料、光固化树脂和粘合剂等领域有应用。HEA的衍生物曾作为实验性治疗进行测试。人体研究:在暴露浓度为3 ppm(名义值)及以上时,观察到眼睛和鼻子的刺激。刺激的严重程度随浓度增加而加剧,在10 ppm时可以忍受几分钟。对(甲基)丙烯酸酯进行15年贴片测试的经验总结显示,在440名有(甲基)丙烯酸酯暴露史的病人中,最常见的阳性测试反应是2-羟基乙基丙烯酸酯(9.6%)。动物研究:未稀释的HEA对皮肤有严重刺激作用。几项研究表明,未稀释的HEA对眼睛有严重刺激作用并可能造成损害。大鼠对HEA的吸入数据显示,7小时暴露于264 ppm(1250 mg/m³)没有致死效应。吸入暴露于333至394 ppm,分别为4或8小时,引起了刺激并处于致死阈值区域。在500 ppm及以上暴露时,接近100%的致死率被观察到。评估HEA急性皮肤毒性的关键研究使用了家兔,并应用了未稀释的测试材料。在塑料封闭绷带下,对家兔施以63、130、160、200或250 mg/kg体重的局部剂量,持续24小时。所有处理的动物都出现了明显的皮肤红斑和水肿,一些动物观察到轻微到中度的皮肤坏死。毒性临床体征包括嗜睡、活动减少、食欲减退,在250 mg/kg体重时,只有快速浅表呼吸。评估HEA急性口服毒性的关键研究是通过灌胃给四组大鼠分别施以266.7、400、600和900 mg/kg体重的10%溶液。动物在给药后观察了14天。各剂量水平下的死亡率为0/4、0/4、3/4和4/4。临床体征包括活动减少、粗糙毛发、呼吸困难、肌肉无力、死亡的动物出现胃肠道出血。纯净物质可能会烧伤口腔、喉咙和胃肠道的组织。在小鼠局部淋巴结试验中报告了阳性反应,表明HEA具有皮肤致敏性。在大鼠的慢性吸入研究中,5或0.5 ppm的处理组没有显示出显著慢性毒性或致癌效应的迹象(雄性和雌性大鼠每天暴露于HEA 6小时,每周5天,持续18个月)。HEA没有改变狗或大鼠的睾丸或子宫的组织病理学(狗饮食中最高达0.4%,大鼠最高达150 mg/kg体重/天)。在大鼠发育研究中,没有观察到与治疗相关的植入数量增加、胚胎/胎儿死亡率或胎儿畸形。在大鼠测试中,HEA的神经毒性潜力似乎最小。HEA在有无代谢活化的情况下对沙门氏菌属伤寒杆菌均不具有诱变性。生态毒性研究:使用瓦堡试验,HEA被认为对适应的污泥不具有毒性。
IDENTIFICATION AND USE: 2-Hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) is a liquid. HEA is used mainly either as a co-monomer in the manufacture of polymers or as a chemical reactant in the manufacture of chemical intermediates. In the manufacture of polymers, HEA can be co-polymerized with acrylic acid, acrylates, methacrylates, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, styrene, butadiene, and the like. Co-reactants with HEA include aromatic and aliphatic isocyanates, anhydrides, and epoxides. The polymers and chemical intermediates made with HEA find applications in automotive top coatings, architectural coatings, photocure resins, and adhesives. Derivatives of HEA had been tested as experimental therapy. HUMAN STUDIES: Irritation of eyes and nose was observed at exposure concentrations of 3 ppm (nominal) and higher. The severity of irritation increased with concentration and could be tolerated for several minutes at 10 ppm. A summary of 15 years of experience of patch testing to (meth)acrylates presented the results in 440 patients with a history of exposures to (meth)acrylates. The most frequent positive test reactions were seen with 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (9.6%). ANIMAL STUDIES: Undiluted HEA is severely irritating to the skin. Several studies have shown that undiluted HEA is severely irritating and can damage the eye. Inhalation data available for rats on HEA indicate that a 7 hour exposure of 264 ppm (1250 mg/cu m) had no lethal effect. Inhalation exposures to 333 to 394 ppm for 4 or 8 hours respectively caused irritation and were in the threshold area for lethality. At exposures at 500 ppm and above, close to 100% lethality was observed. The key study evaluating the acute dermal toxicity of HEA used rabbits and applied undiluted test material. Topical doses of 63, 130, 160, 200 or, 250 mg/kg bw were applied for 24 hours under a plastic occlusive bandage. Marked erythema and edema of the skin was seen in all treated animals and slight to moderate necrosis of the skin was observed in some animals. Clinical signs of toxicity were lethargy, decreased activity, loss of appetite and at 250 mg/kg bw only, rapid shallow breathing. The key study evaluating the acute oral toxicity of HEA administered as a 10% solution by gavage to groups of four rats at doses of 266.7, 400, 600, and 900 mg/kg bw. The animals were observed for 14 days post-dosing. The mortality was 0/4, 0/4, 3/4, and 4/4 at each dose level, respectively. Clinical signs included hypoactivity, rough fur, labored breathing, muscle weakness, GI tract hemorrhage in the animals that died. Neat material may burn the tissues of the mouth, throat and gastrointestinal tract. Positive responses have been reported in mice in the local lymph node assay indicating HEA dermal sensitization. There was no indication of significant chronic toxicity or a carcinogenic effect in either the 5 or 0.5 ppm treatment groups in rats in a chronic inhalation study (male and female were exposed to HEA 6 hours per day, 5 days/week for 18 months). HEA did not alter the histopathology of the testes or uterus in either dogs or rats (dogs up to 0.4% in the diet, rats up to 150 mg/kg bw/day). There were no treatment-related increases in the number of implants, embryo/fetal mortality, or fetal malformations observed in developmental study in rats. Neurotoxic potential of HEA appears to be minimal when tested in rats. HEA was not mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium with or without metabolic activation. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: Using the Warburg test, HEA was judged non-toxic to adapted sewage sludge.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)