迷迭香素 | 537-15-5

• 物质功能分类: 有机原料 - 羧酸类化合物及衍生物
• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 苯丙烷和聚酮 - 肉桂酸及其衍生物
• 中文名称: 迷迭香素
• 中文别名: 迷迭香酸
• 英文名称: rosmarinic acid
• 英文别名: Rosmarinsaeure；3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-2-[3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyloxy]propanoic acid
• CAS: 537-15-5
• 化学式: C₁₈H₁₆O₈
• 分子量: 360.32
• InChiKey: DOUMFZQKYFQNTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N

物化性质

• 熔点：
  171-175 °C(lit.)
• 沸点：
  694.7±55.0 °C(Predicted)
• 密度：
  1.547±0.06 g/cm3(Predicted)
• 溶解度：
  溶于二甲基亚砜
• 颜色/状态：
  Crystalline solid
• 蒸汽压力：
  1.1X10-13 mm Hg at 25 °C (est)
• 解离常数：
  pKa = 3.57 (est)

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  2.4
• 重原子数：
  26
• 可旋转键数：
  7
• 环数：
  2.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.11
• 拓扑面积：
  145
• 氢给体数：
  5
• 氢受体数：
  8

ADMET

代谢

口服给药的迷迭香酸（7）在大鼠尿液中含有七种代谢物，通过光谱和化学数据鉴定为：反式-咖啡酸4-O-硫酸酯（1）、反式-m-香豆酸3-O-硫酸酯（2）、反式-阿魏酸4-O-硫酸酯（3）、反式-咖啡酸（4）、m-羟基苯丙酸（5）、反式-m-香豆酸（6）以及未改变的迷迭香酸（7）。口服给药迷迭香酸48小时后，尿液中1-7的总累积排泄量约为给药剂量的31.8%。另一方面，在胆汁中并未发现归属于迷迭香酸的代谢物。因此，可以得出结论，口服给药的迷迭香酸主要通过尿液排泄，而不是胆汁，代谢过程中涉及到酯键的断裂、选择性的对位去羟基化、甲基化和硫酸结合。代谢物2、3、5和6也出现在血浆中。

The urine of rats administered rosmarinic acid (7) orally contained seven metabolites, which were identified as trans-caffeic acid 4-O-sulfate (1), trans-m-coumaric acid 3-O-sulfate (2), trans-ferulic acid 4-O-sulfate (3), trans-caffeic acid (4), m-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid (5), trans-m-coumaric acid (6), and unchanged rosmarinic acid (7) by spectroscopic and chemical data. The total cumulative amount of 1-7 excreted in the urine 48 h after the oral administration of rosmarinic acid was approximately 31.8% of the dose administered. On the other hand, the metabolites attributed to rosmarinic acid could not be found in the bile. Orally administered rosmarinic acid may thus be concluded to be excreted in the urine rather than in the bile, with cleavage of ester bonds, selective para-dehydroxylation, methylation, and sulfate-conjugation. Metabolites 2, 3, 5, and 6 were also detected in the plasma.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

代谢

迷迭香酸是积累在紫草科和唇形科植物中的主要羟基肉桂酸酯。通过差示显示法从紫草培养细胞中分离出一种细胞色素P450 cDNA，根据推导的氨基酸序列，基因产物被命名为CYP98A6。在酵母中表达后，P450显示能够催化4-香豆酰-4'-羟基苯乳酸的3-羟基化，这是迷迭香酸生物合成途径的最后两个步骤之一。通过向紫草细胞中添加酵母提取物或甲基茉莉酸，CYP98A6的表达水平显著提高，其表达模式反映了诱导子引起的迷迭香酸产量变化，表明CYP98A6在迷迭香酸生物合成调控中发挥重要作用。

Rosmarinic acid is the dominant hydroxycinnamic acid ester accumulated in Boraginaceae and Lamiaceae plants. A cytochrome P450 cDNA was isolated by differential display from cultured cells of Lithospermum erythrorhizon, and the gene product was designated CYP98A6 based on the deduced amino acid sequence. After expression in yeast, the P450 was shown to catalyze the 3-hydroxylation of 4-coumaroyl-4'-hydroxyphenyllactic acid, one of the final two steps leading to rosmarinic acid. The expression level of CYP98A6 is dramatically increased by addition of yeast extract or methyl jasmonate to L. erythrorhizon cells, and its expression pattern reflected the elicitor-induced change in rosmarinic acid production, indicating that CYP98A6 plays an important role in regulation of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

代谢

本研究旨在健康人体内确定单次摄入紫苏提取物（PE）后迷迭香酸（RA）的吸收、代谢和尿液排泄情况。研究采用交叉设计，纳入了6名健康男性（平均年龄37.2 ± 6.2岁，平均体重指数22.0 ± 1.9 kg/m²），单次摄入含有200毫克RA的PE和安慰剂，两次治疗间间隔10天。在摄入前和指定的时间间隔后采集血液样本，同时收集摄入后0-6小时、6-24小时和24-48小时的尿液样本。通过LC-MS测量血浆和尿液中的RA及其相关代谢物。摄入PE后在尿液中检测到RA、甲基化RA（甲基-RA）、咖啡酸（CAA）、阿魏酸（FA）和微量的间苯二酚酸（COA）。在血浆中，RA、甲基-RA和FA被检测到，分别在摄入PE后0.5小时、2小时和0.5小时达到最大水平。血浆和尿液中这些成分的大部分以结合形式（葡萄糖醛酸苷和/或硫酸盐）存在。RA及其相关代谢物在尿液中的排泄比例占给药总量的6.3 ± 2.2%，约75%的这些成分在摄入PE后6小时内排泄。

The aim of this study in healthy humans was to determine the absorption, metabolism, and urinary excretion of rosmarinic acid (RA) after a single intake of perilla extract (PE). Six healthy men (mean age 37.2 +/- 6.2 y and mean body mass index 22.0 +/- 1.9 kg/sq m) were enrolled in the study that was a crossover design involving single intakes of PE containing 200 mg RA and placebo with a 10 day interval between treatments. Blood samples were collected before intake and at designated time intervals, while urine samples were collected over the periods 0-6 hr, 6-24 hr and 24-48 hr after intake. RA and its related metabolites in plasma and urine were measured by LC-MS. RA, methylated RA (methyl-RA), caffeic acid (CAA), ferulic acid (FA) and a trace of m-coumaric acid (COA) were detected in the urine after intake of PE. In plasma, RA, methyl-RA and FA were detected, with maximum levels obtained 0.5, 2 and 0.5 hr after intake of PE, respectively. The majority of these components in both plasma and urine were present as conjugated forms (glucuronide and/or sulfated). The proportion of RA and its related metabolites excreted in the urine was 6.3 +/- 2.2% of the total dose, with approximately 75% of these components being excreted within 6 hr after intake of PE.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 相互作用

RA（迷迭香酸）是一种咖啡酸酯，具有在高果糖饮食诱导的胰岛素抵抗（IR）模型中的增敏和抗氧化作用。本研究探讨了RA补充是否能够预防高果糖饮食大鼠（FFR）的心脏异常和高血压。经过60天的高果糖饮食（60克/100克）的大鼠表现出代谢异常，血浆和心脏脂质水平升高，全身胰岛素抵抗增加。FFR的心脏抗氧化剂水平和血浆的还原力显著降低，同时脂质过氧化和蛋白质氧化产物的水平增加。FFR的血浆中肌钙蛋白T、肌酸激酶-MB、天冬氨酸转氨酶和乳酸脱氢酶显著升高。从第16天开始给FFR补充RA（10毫克/千克）显著改善了胰岛素敏感性，降低了脂质水平、氧化损伤和烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸还原酶的p22phox亚基的表达，并预防了心肌肥大。RA还通过降低内皮素-1和血管紧张素转换酶活性以及增加一氧化氮水平，降低了果糖诱导的血压升高。组织学检查显示，RA补充的FFR心肌损伤减少。这些发现表明，RA通过其抗氧化性质作为一种血管活性物质和心脏保护剂发挥作用。因此，RA可能有助于减少与IR相关的心血管风险。

Rosmarinic acid (RA), a caffeic acid ester, has insulin-sensitizing and antioxidant effects in high fructose-fed model of insulin resistance (IR). This study investigated whether RA supplementation prevents cardiac abnormalities and hypertension in fructose-fed rats (FFR). Rats fed with fructose diet (60 g/100 g) for 60 days exhibited metabolic abnormalities and rise in plasma and cardiac lipids and whole body IR. The levels of cardiac antioxidants and plasma ferric reducing antioxidant power were significantly reduced in FFR concomitant with increased levels of lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation products. A significant rise in troponin T, creatine kinase-MB, aspartate transaminase, and lactate dehydrogenase in plasma of FFR was noted. RA supplementation to FFR (10 mg/kg from the 16th day) significantly improved insulin sensitivity, reduced lipid levels, oxidative damage, and the expression of p22phox subunit of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate reduced oxidase, and prevented cardiac hypertrophy. Fructose-induced rise in blood pressure was also lowered by RA through decrease in endothelin-1 and angiotensin-converting enzyme activity and increase in nitric oxide levels. Histology revealed a reduction in myocardial damage in RA-supplemented FFR. These findings suggest that RA acts as a vasoactive substance and a cardioprotector through its antioxidant property. Thus, RA may be useful in reducing the cardiovascular risk associated with IR.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 相互作用

流行病学和实验研究已经表明，柴油机尾气颗粒（DEP）可能与近年来肺部疾病的增加有关。DEP已被证实能够产生活性氧种。通过气管内注入DEP会在小鼠中诱导肺部炎症和水肿。迷迭香酸是一种天然存在的多酚，具有抗氧化和抗炎活性。本研究调查了迷迭香酸对通过气管内给药DEP（500微克/体重）在小鼠中诱导的肺损伤的影响。口服补充迷迭香酸（2毫克/体重，连续3天）抑制了DEP诱导的肺损伤，这种损伤的特点是中性粒细胞的扣押和间质水肿。DEP增强了肺中角蛋白化学吸引剂（KC）、白细胞介素-1beta、单核细胞化学吸引蛋白-1和巨噬细胞炎症蛋白-1alpha的表达，而迷迭香酸的治疗抑制了这些表达。DEP增强了肺中iNOS mRNA的表达和硝基酪氨酸以及8-OHdG的形成，这些也被迷迭香酸抑制。这些结果表明，迷迭香酸通过减少促炎症分子表达来抑制DEP诱导的肺损伤。迷迭香酸的抗氧化活性也可能对其保护效果有所贡献。

Epidemiological and experimental studies have suggested that diesel exhaust particles (DEP) may be involved in recent increases in lung diseases. DEP has been shown to generate reactive oxygen species. Intratracheal instillation of DEP induces lung inflammation and edema in mice. Rosmarinic acid is a naturally occurring polyphenol with antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities. /This/ investigated the effects of rosmarinic acid on lung injury induced by intratracheal administration of DEP (500 ug/body) in mice. Oral supplementation with administration of rosmarinic acid (2 mg/body for 3 d) inhibited DEP-induced lung injury, which was characterized by neutrophil sequestration and interstitial edema. DEP enhanced the lung expression of keratinocyte chemoattractant (KC), interleukin-1beta, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha, which was inhibited by treatment with rosmarinic acid. DEP enhanced expression of iNOS mRNA and formation of nitrotyrosine and 8-OHdG in the lung, which was also inhibited by rosmarinic acid. These results suggest that rosmarinic acid inhibits DEP-induced lung injury by the reduction of proinflammatory molecule expression. Antioxidative activities of rosmarinic acid may also contribute to its protective effects.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 相互作用

迷迭香酸（RA），一种多酚类植物化学物质，是一种天然的脯氨酰寡肽酶抑制剂。/当前研究/发现，RA在由脂多糖（LPS）诱导的急性肺损伤（ALI）的体内模型中展现了强大的抗炎效果。小鼠在挑战前一小时用RA预处理，剂量为0.5 mg/kg LPS。在给予LPS后24小时，获取支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）以测量促炎介质和总细胞数。与LPS组相比，RA显著减少了LPS诱导的TNF-a、IL-6和IL-1beta的产生。当用RA（5、10或20 mg/kg）预处理时，肺组织的肺湿重/干重（W/D）比率和BALF中的总细胞数、中性粒细胞和巨噬细胞数量显著减少。此外，RA可能通过增强氧化酶二聚酶（SOD）活性来应对LPS诱导的ALI的炎症反应。/作者/进一步证明，RA通过以剂量依赖性方式抑制ERK/MAPK信号传导，在ALI的体内模型中发挥抗炎作用...

Rosmarinic acid (RA), a polyphenolic phytochemical, is a natural prolyl oligopeptidase inhibitor. /The present study/ found that RA exerted potent anti-inflammatory effects in in vivo models of acute lung injury (ALI) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Mice were pretreated with RA one hour before challenge with a dose of 0.5 mg/kg LPS. Twenty-four hours after LPS was given, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was obtained to measure pro-inflammatory mediator and total cell counts. RA significantly decreased the production of LPS-induced TNF-a, IL-6, and IL-1beta compare with the LPS group. When pretreated with RA (5, 10, or 20 mg/kg) the lung wet-to-dry weight (W/D) ratio of the lung tissue and the number of total cells, neutrophils and macrophages in the BALF were decreased significantly. Furthermore, RA may enhance oxidase dimutase (SOD) activity during the inflammatory response to LPS-induced ALI. And /the authors/ further demonstrated that RA exerts anti-inflammation effect in vivo models of ALI through suppresses ERK/MAPK signaling in a dose dependent manner...

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 相互作用

本研究旨在探讨迷迭香酸对小鼠乙醇诱导的DNA损伤的保护作用。通过使用迷迭香酸（100 mg/kg）进行预处理、共同处理和后处理乙醇（5 g/kg），测试了迷迭香酸的抗原毒性能力。使用彗星试验评估外周血（1小时和24小时）和脑细胞（24小时），并使用微核试验分析骨髓（24小时）。结果与TBARS、具有抗氧化活性的酶和DCFH-DA试验的数据进行了比较。外周血和脑细胞显示，与乙醇组相比，迷迭香酸预处理组的平均损伤指数（DI）和损伤频率（DF）值显著降低。在脑细胞中，与乙醇组相比，所有不同的迷迭香酸和乙醇处理组的DI和DF平均值均显著降低。各组之间微核频率、抗氧化酶活性和TBARS没有显著差异。DCFH-DA试验显示，与乙醇组相比，荧光强度降低了18%。结果表明，迷迭香酸可以降低乙醇诱导的DNA损伤水平，适用于这两种组织和处理时期。

The aim of the present work was to study the protective effects of rosmarinic acid against ethanol-induced DNA damage in mice. The antigenotoxic capacity of rosmarinic acid (100 mg/kg) was tested using pre-, co- and post-treatment with ethanol (5 g/kg). Peripheral blood (1 and 24 hr) and brain cells (24 hr) were evaluated using the comet assay and bone marrow was analyzed using the micronucleus assay (24 hr). The results were compared to data of TBARS, enzymes with antioxidant activity, and DCFH-DA test. Peripheral blood and brain cells show that mean damage index (DI) and damage frequency (DF) values of ethanol with pre-treatment with rosmarinic acid group were significantly lower than in the ethanol group. In brain cells all different treatments with ethanol and rosmarinic acid showed significant decrease in DI and DF mean values when compared to ethanol group and negative control. No significant differences were observed in micronucleus frequency, activity of antioxidant enzymes and TBARS between groups. The DCFH-DA test show a reduction of 18% of fluorescence intensity when compare with ethanol group. The results show that rosmarinic acid could decrease the levels of DNA damage induced by ethanol, for both tissues and treatment periods.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 解毒与急救

/SRP:/ 立即急救：确保已经进行了充分的中和。如果患者停止呼吸，请开始人工呼吸，最好使用需求阀复苏器、球囊阀面罩设备或口袋面罩，按训练操作。如有必要，执行心肺复苏。立即用缓慢流动的水冲洗受污染的眼睛。不要催吐。如果患者呕吐，让患者向前倾或将其置于左侧（如果可能的话，头部向下）以保持呼吸道畅通，防止吸入。保持患者安静，维持正常体温。寻求医疗救助。 /毒物A和B/

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Poisons A and B/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

本研究旨在健康人体内确定单次摄入紫苏提取物（PE）后迷迭香酸（RA）的吸收、代谢和尿液排泄情况。研究采用交叉设计，纳入了6名健康男性（平均年龄37.2 ± 6.2岁，平均体重指数22.0 ± 1.9 kg/m²），单次摄入含有200毫克RA的PE和安慰剂，两次治疗间间隔10天。在摄入前和指定的时间间隔后采集血液样本，同时收集摄入后0-6小时、6-24小时和24-48小时的尿液样本。通过LC-MS测量血浆和尿液中的RA及其相关代谢物。摄入PE后在尿液中检测到RA、甲基化RA（甲基-RA）、咖啡酸（CAA）、阿魏酸（FA）和微量的香豆酸（COA）。在血浆中，RA、甲基-RA和FA可被检测到，摄入PE后0.5小时、2小时和0.5小时分别达到最大水平。血浆和尿液中这些成分的大部分以结合形式（葡萄糖醛酸苷和/或硫酸盐）存在。RA及其相关代谢物在尿液中的排泄比例为总剂量的6.3 ± 2.2%，约75%的这些成分在摄入PE后6小时内被排泄。

The aim of this study in healthy humans was to determine the absorption, metabolism, and urinary excretion of rosmarinic acid (RA) after a single intake of perilla extract (PE). Six healthy men (mean age 37.2 +/- 6.2 y and mean body mass index 22.0 +/- 1.9 kg/sq m) were enrolled in the study that was a crossover design involving single intakes of PE containing 200 mg RA and placebo with a 10 day interval between treatments. Blood samples were collected before intake and at designated time intervals, while urine samples were collected over the periods 0-6 hr, 6-24 hr and 24-48 hr after intake. RA and its related metabolites in plasma and urine were measured by LC-MS. RA, methylated RA (methyl-RA), caffeic acid (CAA), ferulic acid (FA) and a trace of m-coumaric acid (COA) were detected in the urine after intake of PE. In plasma, RA, methyl-RA and FA were detected, with maximum levels obtained 0.5, 2 and 0.5 hr after intake of PE, respectively. The majority of these components in both plasma and urine were present as conjugated forms (glucuronide and/or sulfated). The proportion of RA and its related metabolites excreted in the urine was 6.3 +/- 2.2% of the total dose, with approximately 75% of these components being excreted within 6 hr after intake of PE.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

迷迭香酸能很好地从胃肠道和皮肤吸收。

Rosmarinic acid is well absorbed from gastrointestinal tract and from the skin.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

研究的目的是调查迷迭香酸（RA）的经皮吸收、组织分布和绝对生物利用度。在离体实验中，RA从醇溶液穿过切除的大鼠皮肤的透过率是从水中透过的大约8倍，这表明乙醇可能作为吸附促进剂。从水或醇溶液的流量分别为4.4或10微克/平方厘米/小时，而tleg分别为7.8或3.7小时。静脉注射后，RA最好用2室开放模型来描述；t1/2 = 1.8小时，t1/2 alpha = 0.07小时，V tau = 2.3 L/kg，V beta = 15.3 L/kg。当以W/O乳膏形式（25毫克/千克，50平方厘米）局部给药时，RA的绝对生物利用度为60%。静脉注射后0.5小时，在大脑、心脏、肝脏、肺、肌肉、脾脏和骨骼组织中检测并测量到RA，其中肺组织中的浓度最高（是血液浓度的13倍），其次是脾脏、心脏和肝脏组织。在大约3毫克的后腿20平方厘米上局部给药后4.5小时（峰值时间），在血液、皮肤、肌肉和骨骼组织中测量到RA。

The purpose of the study was to investigate the transdermal absorption of rosmarinic acid (RA), its tissue distribution and absolute bioavailability. In ex vivo experiments, permeation of RA across excised rat skin was about 8 times higher from alcoholic solution than from water, indicating that ethanol may act as sorption promoter. The flux from water or alcoholic solution was 4.4 or 10 ug/sq cm/hr, and the tleg was 7.8 or 3.7 hr, respectively. After I.V. administration, RA is best described by a 2-compartment open model; t1/2 = 1.8 hr, t1/2 alpha = 0.07 hr, V tau = 2.3 L/kg, V beta = 15.3 L/kg. Upon topical administration of RA in form of a W/O ointment (25 mg/kg, 50 sq cm), the absolute bioavailability was 60%. 0.5 hours after iv administration, RA was detected and measured in brain, heart, liver, lung, muscle, spleen and bone tissue, showing the highest concentration in lung tissue (13 times the blood concentration), followed by spleen, heart and liver tissue. 4.5 hours (peak time) after topical administration of about 3 mg on the hind leg over 20 sq cm, RA was measured in blood, skin, muscle and bone tissue.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

安全信息

• 危险品标志：
  Xi
• 安全说明：
  S26,S37/39
• 危险类别码：
  R36/38
• 海关编码：
  2932999099

制备方法与用途

迷迭香是一种唇形科植物，原产于地中海沿岸，具有悠久的历史。1981年，由中国科学院首次引入我国并成功栽培，现已在云南、湖南、四川、贵州和广西等地广泛种植。

作为一种名贵的天然香料植物，迷迭香生长季节会散发出清新的香气，不仅能够提神醒脑，还具有多种应用价值。其茎、叶和花皆具宜人香味，特别是从花和嫩枝中提取的芳香油，可应用于调配空气清新剂、香水及化妆品原料等；最为著名的化妆水也是由迷迭香制成的，并可用于饮料、护肤油、生发剂以及洗衣膏等多种产品。

作为药物，迷迭香可以治疗神经性疾病，用于制作治疗头痛、风湿等症状的药膏。近年来，人们还发现它是一种理想的天然防腐剂。此外，迷迭香还可作为观赏植物进行地栽或盆栽。

作为一种多用途经济作物，从迷迭香中可提取多种物质，包括抗氧化剂、迷迭香精油和医药中间体等。

其中，抗氧化剂是从迷迭香植物中提取的粉末状物质，主要成分是具有强大抗氧化功能的酚类、酸类及黄酮类化合物。而迷迭香精油则是一种由30多种挥发性成分组成的液态油状物。

值得注意的是，从迷迭香中提取出的粉末状物质——迷迭香酸，不仅具有高效且无毒的抗氧化效果，还广泛应用于食品、功能食品、香料及调味品和日用化工等行业。

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  迷迭香素 、 硫酸二甲酯 在 potassium carbonate 作用下， 以 丙酮 为溶剂， 反应 12.0h， 以84%的产率得到methyl 3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-[3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyloxy]propanoate
  参考文献：
  名称：

  羟基肉桂酸酯结合潜在的单木酚替代品：迷迭香酸的体外木质化和细胞壁研究

  摘要：

  木质素生物合成的可塑性应允许将新的相容性酚类单体（如迷迭香酸（RA）和类似的儿茶酚衍生物）包括到细胞壁木质素中，因此对生物质加工的抵抗力较小。体外木质素聚合实验表明，RA容易与单木酚醇和木质素低聚物进行过氧化物酶催化的共聚反应，形成具有新的苯并二恶烷单元间键的聚合物。RA的引入允许通过温和的碱水解（可能是通过RA中酯内单元键的裂解）使合成木质素广泛解聚。通过原位过氧化物酶将RA与单木酚共聚合到玉米细胞壁中，可显着增强碱性木质素的提取能力，并通过真菌酶促进随后的细胞壁糖化。掺入RA还可以通过真菌酶和瘤胃微生物群改善细胞壁的糖化作用，即使不进行碱预处理，也可能通过调节木质素的疏水性和/或限制细胞壁的交联来实现。因此，我们预计用RA和类似植物羟基肉桂酸酯替代部分单木酚的生物工程方法将使植物纤维更有效地用于生物燃料或畜牧生产。

  DOI：

  10.1002/cssc.201100573