阿魏酸是植物界普遍存在的一种芳香酸,是木栓质的组分,在植物体内很少以游离态存在,主要与低聚糖、多胺、脂类和多糖形成结合态。
用途阿魏酸具有多种保健功能,如清除自由基、抗血栓、抗菌消炎、抑制肿瘤、防治高血压、心脏病以及增强精子活力等。其毒性较低,易于被人体代谢,可作为食物防腐剂,在食品、医药等多个领域有着广泛的应用。
植物来源阿魏酸是从阿魏的树脂中提取的一种酚酸,阿魏为伞形科多年生草本植物,具有强烈蒜臭味,多生于沙地。新疆为主要产地。初生时只有根生叶,至第五年才开始抽花茎。花茎粗壮,可高达2米;春末夏初是盛花期和果实初期,在此期间从茎上部往下斜割,收集渗出的乳状树脂,并阴干。
阿魏含有挥发油、树脂及树胶等成分,其中油中含多种有机酸化物。树脂中含有阿魏酸及其酯类。
降血脂阿魏酸能竞争性地抑制肝脏中羟戊酸-5-焦磷酸脱氢酶活性,从而抑制胆固醇的合成,达到降低血脂的目的。
抑菌作用阿魏酸对细菌具有广谱抑制作用。现已发现它能抑制宋内氏志贺氏菌、肺炎杆菌、肠杆菌、大肠杆菌、柠檬酸杆菌、绿脓杆菌等致病性细菌和11种造成食品腐败的微生物。
食品工业应用除了广泛应用于医药领域外,阿魏酸还被批准作为食品添加剂。日本允许其用于食品抗氧化剂,美国及其他一些欧洲国家则允许使用含阿魏酸量较高的草药、咖啡和香兰豆等作为抗氧化剂。在食品工业中主要用于制备天然香兰素、抗氧化剂、防腐剂、交联剂及机能促进剂。
药理作用阿魏酸具有抑制血小板凝集、祛痰、抗结核杆菌等多种药理作用。临床应用上,它主要辅助治疗动脉硬化、冠心病、脑血管疾病、肾小球疾病、肺动脉高压、糖尿病性血管病变和脉管炎等血管性疾病,以及用于偏头痛和血管性头痛的治疗。作为升白细胞药物,阿魏酸还能增强造血功能,因此可用于白细胞及血小板减少症的治疗。
合成方法阿魏酸可通过化学合成法或从天然植物中提取获得。实验室通过将香草醛、丙二酸和蒎啶溶于吡啶中反应3周后用盐酸沉淀可得阿魏酸。
制备方法顺式异构体为黄色油状物,反式异构体为斜方针状结晶(水)。溶于热水、乙醇和醋酸乙酯。较易溶于乙醚,微溶于苯和石油醚。
用途:用作食品防腐剂和有机合成原料;利胆酸的中间体及食品防腐剂。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 分子量 |
---|---|---|---|---|
3,4-二甲氧基肉桂酸 | 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid | 2316-26-9 | C11H12O4 | 208.214 |
阿魏酸甲酯 | methyl ferulate | 2309-07-1 | C11H12O4 | 208.214 |
4-羟基-3-甲氧基肉桂醛 | coniferaldehyde | 458-36-6 | C10H10O3 | 178.188 |
松柏醇 | coniferol | 458-35-5 | C10H12O3 | 180.203 |
阿魏酸乙酯 | ethyl ferulate | 4046-02-0 | C12H14O4 | 222.241 |
—— | vinyl ferulate | 938433-11-5 | C12H12O4 | 220.225 |
阿魏酸松柏酯 | (E,E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)allyl 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acrylate | 63644-62-2 | C20H20O6 | 356.375 |
咖啡酸 | caffeic acid | 331-39-5 | C9H8O4 | 180.16 |
4-乙酰氧基-3-甲氧基肉桂酸 | 3-(4-acetoxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoic acid | 2596-47-6 | C12H12O5 | 236.224 |
4-乙烯基-2-甲氧基苯酚 | 3-methoxy-4-hydroxystyrene | 7786-61-0 | C9H10O2 | 150.177 |
—— | curcumin | —— | C21H20O6 | 368.386 |
姜黄素 | curcumin | 458-37-7 | C21H20O6 | 368.386 |
—— | 3-(4-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoic acid | 104274-20-6 | C10H11NO3 | 193.202 |
阿魏酸4-O-硫酸二钠盐 | 3-methyl-4-sulfocaffeic acid | 86321-29-1 | C10H10O7S | 274.251 |
—— | p-nitrophenyl ferulate | —— | C16H13NO6 | 315.282 |
—— | N5,N10-di-(E)-feruloyl-spermidine | —— | C27H35N3O6 | 497.591 |
香草醛 | vanillin | 121-33-5 | C8H8O3 | 152.15 |
—— | 8-O-4'-diferulic acid | 215872-63-2 | C20H18O8 | 386.358 |
丁香酚 | 4-allylguaiacol | 97-53-0 | C10H12O2 | 164.204 |
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 分子量 |
---|---|---|---|---|
3,4-二甲氧基肉桂酸 | 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid | 2316-26-9 | C11H12O4 | 208.214 |
阿魏酸甲酯 | methyl ferulate | 2309-07-1 | C11H12O4 | 208.214 |
阿魏酸甲酯 | Methyl ferulate | 22329-76-6 | C11H12O4 | 208.214 |
4-羟基-3-甲氧基肉桂醛 | coniferaldehyde | 458-36-6 | C10H10O3 | 178.188 |
—— | methyl (E)-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)acrylate | 5396-64-5 | C12H14O4 | 222.241 |
5-羟基阿魏酸 | 3-(4,5-dihydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoic acid | 1782-55-4 | C10H10O5 | 210.186 |
(e)-3-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)-2-丙烯酸甲酯 | methyl 3,4-dimethoxycinnamate | 5396-64-5 | C12H14O4 | 222.241 |
松柏醇 | coniferol | 458-35-5 | C10H12O3 | 180.203 |
—— | ethyl 4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamate | 4046-02-0 | C12H14O4 | 222.241 |
阿魏酸乙酯 | ethyl ferulate | 4046-02-0 | C12H14O4 | 222.241 |
—— | vinyl ferulate | 938433-11-5 | C12H12O4 | 220.225 |
—— | 4-ethoxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid | 58168-81-3 | C12H14O4 | 222.241 |
—— | 2-hydroxyethyl 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acrylate | —— | C12H14O5 | 238.24 |
—— | propyl ferulate | 59831-93-5 | C13H16O4 | 236.268 |
4-羟基-3-甲氧基肉桂酸异丙酯 | isopropyl ferulate | 59831-94-6 | C13H16O4 | 236.268 |
—— | coniferyl alcohol ethyl ether | —— | C12H16O3 | 208.257 |
异丁香酚 | 2-methoxy-4-propenylphenol | 97-54-1 | C10H12O2 | 164.204 |
—— | ferulic acid anhydride | —— | C20H18O7 | 370.359 |
4-羟基-3-甲氧基肉桂酰胺 | ferulic acid amide | 19272-90-3 | C10H11NO3 | 193.202 |
—— | 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy butyl cinnamate | 4657-33-4 | C14H18O4 | 250.295 |
—— | 3-(3-Methoxy-4-prop-2-enoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoic acid | 51257-03-5 | C13H14O4 | 234.252 |
4'-羟基-3'-甲氧基肉桂酸丁酯 | butyl ferulate | 4657-33-4 | C14H18O4 | 250.295 |
—— | 2-Methylpropyl 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate | 59831-95-7 | C14H18O4 | 250.295 |
—— | (2E)-3-[4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-3-methoxyphenyl]prop-2-enoic acid | 35703-32-3 | C12H14O5 | 238.24 |
葫芦素 | 4-O-hydroxyethylferulic acid | 35703-32-3 | C12H14O5 | 238.24 |
—— | feruloyl chloride | 138769-50-3 | C10H9ClO3 | 212.633 |
4-乙氧基-3-甲氧基肉桂酸甲酯 | methyl 4-ethoxy-3-methoxycinnamate | 10240-21-8 | C13H16O4 | 236.268 |
—— | 3-[3-Methoxy-4-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)phenyl]prop-2-enoic acid | 385383-50-6 | C13H12O4 | 232.236 |
咖啡酸 | caffeic acid | 331-39-5 | C9H8O4 | 180.16 |
—— | 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy n-pentyl cinnamate | 122991-46-2 | C15H20O4 | 264.321 |
—— | 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic anhydride | 88909-07-3 | C22H22O7 | 398.412 |
—— | isovaleryl-cis-ferulate | 905726-68-3 | C15H20O4 | 264.321 |
—— | 3-cyanopropyl (2E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate | 1429635-80-2 | C14H15NO4 | 261.277 |
—— | N-methyl-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acrylamide | 88865-52-5 | C11H13NO3 | 207.229 |
—— | ferulic acid 4-(bromo)butyl ester | 301828-32-0 | C14H17BrO4 | 329.191 |
—— | 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acrylic acid 2-oxopropyl ester | —— | C13H14O5 | 250.251 |
—— | ferulic acid hexyl ester | 87024-35-9 | C16H22O4 | 278.348 |
—— | hexyl (E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-propenoate | —— | C16H22O4 | 278.348 |
—— | (1E,3E)-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4-phenyl-1,3-butadiene | 1206103-14-1 | C17H16O2 | 252.313 |
—— | 1,4-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)butadiene | —— | C18H18O4 | 298.339 |
—— | 2-feruloylglycerol | —— | C13H16O6 | 268.266 |
—— | 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-n-heptyl cinnamate | 296250-88-9 | C17H24O4 | 292.375 |
—— | hexadecyl ferulate | —— | C26H42O4 | 418.617 |
—— | octadecyl ferulate | 133882-77-6 | C28H46O4 | 446.671 |
—— | lauryl ferulate | 87024-34-8 | C22H34O4 | 362.51 |
—— | eicosyl ferulate | 64190-82-5 | C30H50O4 | 474.725 |
—— | octyl ferulate | 214779-01-8 | C18H26O4 | 306.402 |
—— | tetradecyl ferulate | —— | C24H38O4 | 390.563 |
—— | 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acrylohydrazide | —— | C10H12N2O3 | 208.217 |
—— | (1E,3E,5E)-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-6-phenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene | 1206103-28-7 | C19H18O2 | 278.351 |
—— | (E)-3-(3-methoxy-4-((2-methoxyethoxy)methoxy)phenyl)acrylic acid | 82929-84-8 | C14H18O6 | 282.293 |
—— | ethylferulamide | 113900-09-7 | C12H15NO3 | 221.256 |
—— | 1-O-feruloyl glycerol | —— | C13H16O6 | 268.266 |
—— | (1E,3E)-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4-(4-methylphenyl)-1,3-butadiene | 1206103-15-2 | C18H18O2 | 266.34 |
—— | (1E,3E)-1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-butadiene | 1206103-16-3 | C19H20O4 | 312.365 |
4-乙酰氧基-3-甲氧基肉桂酸 | 3-(4-acetoxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoic acid | 2596-47-6 | C12H12O5 | 236.224 |
—— | acetyl ferulic acid | 34749-55-8 | C12H12O5 | 236.224 |
—— | (E)-2-methoxy-4-(3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-en-1-yl)phenol | 1418317-24-4 | C10H9F3O2 | 218.175 |
—— | oleyl ferulate | —— | C28H44O4 | 444.655 |
4-乙烯基-2-甲氧基苯酚 | 3-methoxy-4-hydroxystyrene | 7786-61-0 | C9H10O2 | 150.177 |
—— | 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acrylic acid phenethyl ester | —— | C18H18O4 | 298.339 |
—— | 2-phenylethyl (2E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate | 132335-98-9 | C18H18O4 | 298.339 |
—— | bis[3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-ene]disulphide | —— | C20H22O4S2 | 390.524 |
—— | (E)-3-(3-methoxy-4-(methoxymethoxy)phenyl)acrylaldehyde | 62427-71-8 | C12H14O4 | 222.241 |
—— | N-isopropyl-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acrylamide | —— | C13H17NO3 | 235.283 |
—— | methyl ω-feruloyloxypalmitate | —— | C27H42O6 | 462.627 |
—— | N-propyl-4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamamide | 113900-08-6 | C13H17NO3 | 235.283 |
—— | 4-benzyloxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid | —— | C17H16O4 | 284.312 |
—— | p-hydroxyphenethyl ferulate | —— | C18H18O5 | 314.338 |
—— | (1E,3E)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-butadiene | 1206103-19-6 | C17H15ClO2 | 286.758 |
—— | 4-acetoxy-3-methoxy-cinnamic acid methyl ester | 2309-08-2 | C13H14O5 | 250.251 |
—— | (E)-methyl 3-(4-acetoxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acrylate | 144256-14-4 | C13H14O5 | 250.251 |
—— | ferulic acid (2-ethylhexyl) ester | —— | C18H26O4 | 306.402 |
—— | N-butyl-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) acrylamide | —— | C14H19NO3 | 249.31 |
—— | (E)-N-butyl-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enamide | —— | C14H19NO3 | 249.31 |
—— | 3-[3-Methoxy-4-[(4-methylphenyl)methoxy]phenyl]prop-2-enoic acid | —— | C18H18O4 | 298.339 |
—— | feruloylglycine | 1220-05-9 | C12H13NO5 | 251.239 |
—— | N,N'-bisferuloyl 1,3-diaminopropane | 866130-84-9 | C23H26N2O6 | 426.469 |
微叶猪毛菜碱 | N-feruloylputrescine | 501-13-3 | C14H20N2O3 | 264.324 |
—— | (E)-methyl 3-(4-(benzyloxy)-3-methoxyphenyl)acrylate | 93878-20-7 | C18H18O4 | 298.339 |
—— | N,N'-diferuloyl-1,4-diaminobutane | 42369-86-8 | C24H28N2O6 | 440.496 |
—— | (E)-3(4-(cyclopentyloxy)-3-methoxyphenyl)acrylic acid | —— | C15H18O4 | 262.306 |
—— | 4-acetoxyconiferyl alcohol | 81766-26-9 | C12H14O4 | 222.241 |
—— | N-hexyl-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-propenamide | 652990-53-9 | C16H23NO3 | 277.364 |
—— | (E)-N-hexyl-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enamide | —— | C16H23NO3 | 277.364 |
—— | N-octadecyl-4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamamide | —— | C28H47NO3 | 445.686 |
4-[(E)-2-(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)乙烯基]-2-甲氧基苯酚 | (E)-3,3'-dimethoxy-4,4'-dihydroxystilbene | 7329-69-3 | C16H16O4 | 272.301 |
—— | 3-((4-ethoxycarbonyloxy)-3-methoxyphenyl)acrylic acid | 42381-67-9 | C13H14O6 | 266.251 |
—— | N-feruloyl glycine methyl ester | —— | C13H15NO5 | 265.266 |
—— | feruloylagmatine | —— | C15H22N4O3 | 306.365 |
—— | (1E,3E)-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-butadiene | 1206103-17-4 | C18H18O3 | 282.339 |
—— | 2-[3-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoylamino]ethyl nitrate | 306272-46-8 | C12H14N2O6 | 282.253 |
—— | N-benzyl-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acrylamide | —— | C17H17NO3 | 283.327 |
—— | (E)-N-benzyl-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acrylamide | —— | C17H17NO3 | 283.327 |
—— | ethyl N-[3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl] glycinate | 42381-62-4 | C14H17NO5 | 279.293 |
—— | [3-methoxy-4-(4-bromobutyryloxy)-phenyl]-2-trans propenoic acid | 301838-18-6 | C14H15BrO5 | 343.174 |
—— | feruloylphenethylamine | 85708-49-2 | C18H19NO3 | 297.354 |
—— | (1E,3E)-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4-(1-naphthyl)-1,3-butadiene | 1206103-23-2 | C21H18O2 | 302.373 |
—— | (1E,3E)-1-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-butadiene | 1206103-18-5 | C19H21NO2 | 295.381 |
—— | 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one | 38448-13-4 | C14H17NO3 | 247.294 |