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反-2-丁烯 | 624-64-6

中文名称
反-2-丁烯
中文别名
——
英文名称
2-butene
英文别名
trans-2-Butene;(E)-2-butene;trans-but-2-ene;(E)-but-2-ene;E-butene
反-2-丁烯化学式
CAS
624-64-6
化学式
C4H8
mdl
——
分子量
56.1075
InChiKey
IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-ONEGZZNKSA-N
BEILSTEIN
——
EINECS
——
  • 物化性质
  • 计算性质
  • ADMET
  • 安全信息
  • SDS
  • 制备方法与用途
  • 上下游信息
  • 反应信息
  • 文献信息
  • 表征谱图
  • 同类化合物
  • 相关功能分类
  • 相关结构分类

物化性质

  • 熔点:
    −140 °C(lit.)
  • 沸点:
    1 °C(lit.)
  • 密度:
    0.5990
  • 蒸气密度:
    2 (vs air)
  • 闪点:
    <−30 °F
  • 物理描述:
    2-butene appears as a colorless liquefied petroleum gas. Asphyxiate gas. Flammability limits in air 1.8-9.7% by volume.
  • 颜色/状态:
    Colorless gas
  • 气味:
    Slightly aromatic odor
  • 溶解度:
    In water, 594 mg/L at 25 °C (est)
  • 蒸汽密度:
    1.93 (Air = 1)
  • 蒸汽压力:
    1600 mm Hg at 25 °C /cis-2-Butene/
  • 亨利常数:
    0.23 atm-m3/mole
  • 大气OH速率常数:
    6.02e-11 cm3/molecule*sec
  • 稳定性/保质期:
    存在于烟气和煤气中。
  • 自燃温度:
    324 °C (615 °F)
  • 分解:
    When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating vapors.
  • 粘度:
    0.00763 mPa
  • 燃烧热:
    -2708 kJ/mol
  • 汽化热:
    21.37 kJ/mol
  • 表面张力:
    0.0132 dyn/cm at 25 °C
  • 气味阈值:
    2700 mg/cu m
  • 折光率:
    Index of refraction: 1.3848 at 25 °C/D
  • 保留指数:
    406.42;408.4;408;412.3;414;410.2;410;410;405;412;412;410;411;406;405;412;406.1;409;406;408;408;406;383;411;417

计算性质

  • 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP):
    2.3
  • 重原子数:
    4
  • 可旋转键数:
    0
  • 环数:
    0.0
  • sp3杂化的碳原子比例:
    0.5
  • 拓扑面积:
    0
  • 氢给体数:
    0
  • 氢受体数:
    0

ADMET

代谢
在大鼠肝脏细胞质中,间-2,3-二溴丁烷几乎专一性地转化为反式-2-丁烯,而外消旋-2,3-二溴丁烷则产生了顺式-2-丁烯。
In rat liver cytosol meso-2,3-dibromobutane was converted, almost exclusively, into trans-2-butene while racemic-2,3-dibromobutane gave rise to cis-2-butene.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 毒性总结
识别和使用:2-丁烯是一种无色气体。它被用作溶剂和交联剂。它还用于聚合汽油,以及用于丁二烯的合成,还用于衍生物的合成。人体研究:2-丁烯是一种窒息性气体。液态2-丁烯的快速蒸发可能导致冻伤。它可能对中枢神经系统产生影响。暴露可能导致失去意识。动物研究:大鼠在2-丁烯的名义浓度为10,000 ppm(22,948 mg/立方米)的环境中暴露了4小时。没有观察到临床体征,在14天的观察期内正常生长。2-丁烯在狗身上是一种心脏致敏剂。在大鼠的发展研究中,与对照组相比,在交配行为、生育能力和妊娠指数、植入点数量和每个母体黄体数量、出生的幼崽数量、出生前后幼崽的存活率以及幼崽性别比方面没有影响。对幼崽的发展没有处理相关的影响。雌雄大鼠在配种前两周以2500或5000 ppm(5737或11,474 mg/立方米)的目标浓度暴露于2-丁烯,在配种期间(1周)直至妊娠第19天(暴露39-46天)。无论雌雄,或怀孕雌性大鼠,都没有发生显著的系统毒性。2-丁烯是一种中枢神经系统抑制剂。大约13至13.5%(300或400 mg/L)会导致深度中枢神经系统抑制,而在小鼠中大约19%(120至420 mg/L)是致命的。它是一种轻微的粘膜刺激剂。对2-丁烯在大鼠淋巴细胞中进行染色体畸变研究。无论在有或没有代谢激活的情况下,染色体畸变的频率都没有显著增加。2-丁烯在S. typhimurium TA98、TA100、TA1535、TA 1537和E.coli WP2uvrA中不具有诱变性,无论是否有代谢激活。
IDENTIFICATION AND USE: 2-Butene is a colorless gas. It is used as a solvent and a cross-linking agent. It is also used to polymerize gasoline, and for butadiene synthesis, as well as the synthesis of derivatives. HUMAN STUDIES: 2-Butene is an asphyxiant gas. Rapid evaporation of liquid 2-butene may cause frostbite. it may cause effects on the CNS. Exposure may result in unconsciousness. ANIMAL STUDIES: Rats were exposed for 4 hr to 2-butene at a nominal concentration of 10,000 ppm (22,948 mg/cu m). No clinical signs were seen and normal growth occurred over the 14 d observation period. 2-Butene is a cardiac sensitizer in dogs. In developmental studies in rats, there were no effects on mating behavior, fertility and gestation indices, the number of implantation sites and corpora lutea per dam, numbers of pups delivered, viability of pups at and after birth and the pup sex ratio when compared to the control group. There were no treatment-related effects on the development of pups. Male and female rats were exposed to 2-butene at target concentrations of 2500 or 5000 ppm (5737 or 11,474 mg/cu m) for two weeks prior to breeding, during breeding (1 week) and until day 19 of gestation (39-46 days of exposure). No significant systemic toxicity occurred in either sex, or in pregnant female rats. 2-Butene is a CNS depressant. About 13 to 13.5% (300 or 400 mg/L) causes deep CNS depression, and in mice about 19% (120 to 420 mg/L) is fatal. It is a mild mucous membrane irritant. A chromosome aberration study was conducted with 2-butene in rat lymphocytes in vito. No significant increases were seen in the frequency of chromosome aberrations either in the presence or absence of a metabolic activation. 2-Butene was not mutagenic to S. typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA 1537 and E.coli WP2uvrA, with or without metabolic activation.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 毒性总结
识别和使用:顺-2-丁烯是一种无色气体。它被用作溶剂、交联剂,在汽油聚合和丁二烯合成中发挥作用。它还用于合成C4和C5衍生物。人体研究:顺-2-丁烯是一种简单的窒息剂。液态2-丁烯(无论是顺式还是反式,或者两者的混合物)的快速蒸发可能导致冻伤。该物质可能对中枢神经系统产生影响。暴露可能导致失去意识。动物研究:没有数据可用。
IDENTIFICATION AND USE: trans-2-Butene is a colorless gas. It is used as a solvent, as a cross-linking agent, in the polymerization of gasoline, and in butadiene synthesis. It is also used in the synthesis of C4 and C5 derivatives. HUMAN STUDIES: trans-2-Butene is a simple asphyxiant. Rapid evaporation of liquid 2-butene (in its cis or trans form, or as a mixture of both) may cause frostbite. The substance may cause effects on the central nervous system. Exposure may result in unconsciousness. ANIMAL STUDIES: There are no data available.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 暴露途径
暴露主要通过吸入发生。
Exposure mainly occurs via inhalation.
来源:ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
毒理性
  • 吸入症状
晕眩。失去意识。窒息。
Dizziness. Unconsciousness. Suffocation.
来源:ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
毒理性
  • 皮肤症状
接触液体时:冻伤。
ON CONTACT WITH LIQUID: FROSTBITE.
来源:ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
吸收、分配和排泄
顺-2-丁烯已在呼出气体中被检测到。在大多数受试者中,顺式异构体的浓度高于反式异构体。
2-Butene has been detected in exhaled air. In the majority of subjects, concentrations of the cis form were greater than those for the trans isomer.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
顺-2-丁烯已在呼出气体中被检测到。在大多数受试者中,顺式异构体的浓度高于反式异构体。
2-Butene has been detected in exhaled air. In the majority of subjects, concentrations of the cis form were greater than those for the trans isomer.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

安全信息

  • 危险等级:
    2.1
  • 危险品标志:
    F,F+
  • 安全说明:
    S16,S38
  • 危险类别码:
    R12
  • WGK Germany:
    3
  • 海关编码:
    2901232000
  • 危险类别:
    2.1
  • 危险标志:
    GHS02
  • 危险品运输编号:
    UN 1012 2.1
  • 危险性描述:
    H220,H280
  • 危险性防范说明:
    P210,P410 + P403
  • 储存条件:
    本品应密封保存于安瓶或气瓶中,并置于阴凉处。

SDS

SDS:505489ae1a6d960a2fcb3b56e573e333
查看

制备方法与用途

化学性质
无色气体,熔点为105.8℃,沸点0.88℃,相对密度0.6042(20/4℃),折光率1.3848(-25℃)。该物质溶于有机溶剂但不溶于水。

生产方法
主要存在于炼厂气和石油馏分催化裂化以及石油烃裂解得到的碳四馏分中。工业上通常采用异构化法,以碳四抽余液为原料,在钯/氧化铝催化剂的作用下进行临氢异构化反应,将1-丁烯转化为2-丁烯,再经过蒸馏分离获得反式2-丁烯。此外,还可以通过丁醇脱水制备得到。

上下游信息

  • 上游原料
    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 分子量
    • 1
    • 2
  • 下游产品
    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 分子量

反应信息

  • 作为反应物:
    描述:
    反-2-丁烯 作用下, 24.9 ℃ 、101.0 kPa 条件下, 生成 甲基自由基
    参考文献:
    名称:
    Reaction of atomic oxygen with some simple alkenes. Part 2.—Reaction pathways involving ethene, propene and (E)-but-2-ene at atmospheric pressure
    摘要:
    报道了一项关于原子氧与乙烯和丙烯在大气压下反应的研究结果。通过脉冲辐解CO2在烯烃存在下生成基态原子氧。测量了O与乙烯、丙烯和(E)-2-丁烯反应生成甲基自由基的产率,分别为0.70 ± 0.05、0.15 ± 0.01和0.25 ± 0.08。发现O原子与丙烯反应生成乙烯氧自由基CH2CHO的产率为0.12 ± 0.03,与甲基自由基产率吻合良好。推导出该反应其他自由基产生途径的上限为0.21 ± 0.07。在乙烯和丙烯体系中搜索了甲酰自由基(HCO),但在两者中均未检测到,从而在两个体系中对其产率设定了0.03的上限。
    DOI:
    10.1039/ft9949003625
  • 作为产物:
    描述:
    2-丁炔 在 [(η5-C5Me5)Ru(η4-MeCH=CHCH=CHCO2H)] triflate 氢气 作用下, 以 氘代甲醇 为溶剂, 24.84 ℃ 、100.0 kPa 条件下, 生成 反-2-丁烯
    参考文献:
    名称:
    In situ 1H-PHIP-NMR studies of the stereoselective hydrogenation of alkynes to ( E)-alkenes catalyzed by a homogeneous [Cp*Ru]+ catalyst
    摘要:
    使用[Cp*Ru(烯烃)]+复合物对内炔进行氢化反应,生成(E)-烯烃。这种钌复合物是少数能够直接且选择性地进行反式氢化内炔的均相催化剂之一。我们通过原位PHIP-NMR光谱学(PHIP=邻氢诱导极化)研究了其选择性。利用这种方法,即便在极低的浓度和转化率下,初始生成的产物也能被识别和表征。此外,其后续变化可以高灵敏度和时间分辨率进行评估。采用不同的炔烃底物来展示这种催化剂的广泛适用性。然而,该催化剂在与端炔结合时并不活跃,可能是因为生成了相对稳定的亚乙烯基复合物。为了解释(E)-烯烃的生成,我们提出了一种通过双核复合物的反应机理。
    DOI:
    10.1039/b007201j
  • 作为试剂:
    描述:
    二叔丁基过氧化物反-2-丁烯 作用下, 以 gas 为溶剂, 生成 丙酮叔丁醇
    参考文献:
    名称:
    Sway, Mohammed I.; Waddington, David J., Journal of the Chemical Society. Perkin transactions II, 1984, # 1, p. 63 - 70
    摘要:
    DOI:
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文献信息

  • Mechanistic Interrogation of Alkyne Hydroarylations Catalyzed by Highly Reduced, Single-Component Cobalt Complexes
    作者:Benjamin A. Suslick、T. Don Tilley
    DOI:10.1021/jacs.0c04072
    日期:2020.6.24
    complexes. Studies of the stoichiometric reaction of Co(I) or Co(II) precursors with CyMgCl implicated catalyst initiation via a β-H elimination/deprotonation pathway. The resulting single-component Co(-I) complex is proposed as the direct precatalyst. Michaelis-Menten enzyme kinetic studies provide mechanistic details regarding the catalytic dependence on substrate. The (N-aryl)aryl ethanimine substrate
    以前曾报道过用于炔烃的邻位加氢芳基化的高反应性催化剂是由格氏试剂活化 CoBr2 引起的,但活性钴物种的操作机制和身份尚未确定。使用可分离的还原 Co 配合物对相关系统进行了机械分析,包括 (N-芳基) 芳基乙胺与二苯乙炔的加氢芳基化。Co(I) 或 Co(II) 前体与 CyMgCl 的化学计量反应的研究涉及通过 β-H 消除/去质子化途径引发的催化剂。由此产生的单组分 Co(-I) 复合物被提议作为直接预催化剂。Michaelis-Menten 酶动力学研究提供了关于对底物的催化依赖性的机制细节。(N-芳基)芳基乙胺底物表现出类似饱和的行为,而炔烃表现出复杂的依赖性;速率抑制和促进取决于炔烃与亚胺的相对浓度。芳基 CH 键的活化仅发生在配位炔烃的存在下,这表明协同金属化-去质子化 (CMD) 机制的运行。小的初级同位素效应与决定速率的 CH 裂解一致。由相同的 Co(-I) 活性物质催化的非循环烯烃异构化似乎是观察到的
  • Flash vacuum pyrolysis over magnesium. Part 1. Pyrolysis of benzylic, other aryl/alkyl and aliphatic halides
    作者:R. Alan Aitken、Philip K. G. Hodgson、John J. Morrison、Adebayo O. Oyewale
    DOI:10.1039/b108663d
    日期:2002.1.23
    Flash vacuum pyrolysis over a bed of freshly sublimed magnesium on glass wool results in efficient coupling of benzyl halides to give the corresponding bibenzyls. Where an ortho halogen substituent is present further dehalogenation gives some dihydroanthracene and anthracene. Efficient coupling is also observed for halomethylnaphthalenes and halodiphenylmethanes while chlorotriphenylmethane gives 4,4′-bis(diphenylmethyl)biphenyl. By using α,α′-dihalo-o-xylenes, benzocyclobutenes are obtained in good yield, while the isomeric α,α′-dihalo-p-xylenes give a range of high thermal stability polymers by polymerisation of the initially formed p-xylylenes. Other haloalkylbenzenes undergo largely dehydrohalogenation where this is possible, in some cases resulting in cyclisation. Deoxygenation is also observed with haloalkyl phenyl ketones to give phenylalkynes as well as other products. With simple alkyl halides there is efficient elimination of HCl or HBr to give alkenes. For aliphatic dihalides this also occurs to give dienes but there is also cyclisation to give cycloalkanes and dehalogenation with hydrogen atom transfer to give alkenes in some cases. For 5-bromopent-1-ene the products are those expected from a radical pathway but for 6-bromohex-1-ene they are clearly not. For 2,2-dichloropropane and 1,1-dichloropropane elimination of HCl occurs but for 1,1-dichlorobutane, -pentane and -hexane partial hydrolysis followed by elimination of HCl gives E,E-, E,Z- and Z,Z- isomers of the dialk-1-enyl ethers and fully assigned 13C NMR data are presented for these. With 6-chlorohex-1-yne and 7-chlorohept-1-yne there is cyclisation to give methylenecycloalkanes and -cycloalkynes. The behaviour of 1,2-dibromocyclohexane and 1,2-dichlorocyclooctane under these conditions is also examined. Various pieces of evidence are presented that suggest that these processes do not involve generation of free gas-phase radicals but rather surface-adsorbed organometallic species.
    在玻璃棉上覆盖一层新升华的镁,进行闪式真空热解,能有效促使苄基卤化物耦合生成相应的联苄。当有邻位卤素取代基存在时,进一步脱卤生成部分二氢蒽和蒽。卤甲基萘和二苯基甲烷也能高效耦合,而三苯基氯甲烷则生成4,4′-双(二苯甲基)联苯。用α,α′-二卤代邻二甲苯可以获得较高产率的苯并环丁烯,而异构的α,α′-二卤代对二甲苯,通过形成的对二甲苯的聚合,可以得到一系列高热稳定性的聚合物。其他卤代烃苯大体上会脱卤化氢,某些情况下能产生环化反应。同样可以观察到,苯基卤代烷烃脱去羰基生成苯乙炔以及其他产物。简单的烷基卤化物则高效地脱去HCl或HBr生成烯烃。脂肪族二卤化物也会发生这一反应生成二烯,但不发生环化反应生成环烷烃,或在某些情况下发生氢原子转移的脱卤反应生成烯烃。5-溴戊-1-烯的产物符合自由基途径的预期,但6-溴己-1-烯并不符合。2,2-二氯丙烷和1,1-二氯丙烷能脱去HCl,但1,1-二氯丁烷、戊烷和己烷则能部分水解,随后脱去HCl,生成E,E-, E,Z-和Z,Z-异构体二烷-1-烯基醚,并且得到了这些物质的13C NMR全归属数据。6-氯己-1-炔和7-氯庚-1-炔能发生环化反应生成亚甲基环烷烃和环炔烃。本文还考察了1,2-二溴环己烷和1,2-二氯环辛烷在上述条件下的行为。本文给出了众多种证据,表明这些反应过程不涉及气相自由基的形成,而是表面吸附的金属有机物种。
  • A short convergent synthesis of the [3.2.1]dioxabicyclooctane subunit of sorangicin A via regioselective epoxide opening
    作者:Sadagopan Raghavan、Satyanarayana Nyalata
    DOI:10.1016/j.tet.2018.01.036
    日期:2018.3
    In this paper, we disclose the synthesis of the dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane subunit of the potent antibiotic sorangicin A. The synthesis was achieved in a convergent manner in 8 steps. Regio- and stereoselective intermolecular epoxide opening, ring-closing metathesis and iodo-etherification are key steps. cis-2-Butene diol has been employed as a common staring material.
    在本文中,我们公开了强效抗生素Sorangicin A的二氧杂双环[3.2.1]辛烷亚基的合成。该合成以收敛的方式通过8个步骤完成。区域和立体选择性分子间环氧化物的开环,闭环复分解和碘醚化是关键步骤。顺式-2-丁烯二醇已被用作普通的凝视材料。
  • Controlled Reduction of Nitriles by Sodium Hydride and Zinc Chloride
    作者:Shunsuke Chiba、Derek Yiren Ong
    DOI:10.1055/s-0039-1690838
    日期:2020.5
    new protocol for the controlled reduction of nitriles to aldehydes was developed using a combination of sodium hydride and zinc chloride. The iminyl zinc intermediates derived from aromatic nitriles could be further functionalized with allylmetal nucleophiles to afford homoallylamines. As the method allows the reduction of various aliphatic and aromatic nitriles with a concise procedure under milder
    使用氢化钠和氯化锌的组合,开发了一种控制腈还原为醛的新方案。衍生自芳族腈的亚胺基锌中间体可以用烯丙基金属亲核试剂进一步官能化以提供高烯丙基胺。由于该方法可以在较温和的反应条件下以简明的方法还原各种脂族和芳族腈,并且具有广泛的官能团相容性,因此非常适合用于化学合成中的各种机会。
  • Rearrangement of allyl hexafluoroisopropyl sulfides [1]
    作者:Donald J. Burton、Yoshio Inouye
    DOI:10.1016/s0022-1139(00)82663-9
    日期:1981.10
    terminal allylic hexafluoroisopropyl sulfides to the internal olefinic sulfide occurs under either photochemical or thermal conditions. In the case of the formation of E and Z isomers, the E isomer was predominant. The rearrangement is suggested as a unimolecular, associative radical mechanism, via kinetic studies, use of inhibitors, or radical initiator.
    末端烯丙基六氟异丙基硫醚重排成内部烯烃硫醚在光化学或热条件下发生。在形成E和Z异构体的情况下,E异构体占主导。通过动力学研究,使用抑制剂或自由基引发剂,表明重排是单分子缔合的自由基机理。
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表征谱图

  • 氢谱
    1HNMR
  • 质谱
    MS
  • 碳谱
    13CNMR
  • 红外
    IR
  • 拉曼
    Raman
hnmr
mass
cnmr
ir
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  • 峰位数据
  • 峰位匹配
  • 表征信息
Shift(ppm)
Intensity
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Assign
Shift(ppm)
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测试频率
样品用量
溶剂
溶剂用量
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