Pregabalin undergoes negligible metabolism in humans. Following a dose of radiolabeled pregabalin, approximately 90% of the administered dose was recovered in the urine as unchanged pregabalin. The N-methylated derivative of pregabalin, the major metabolite of pregabalin found in urine, accounted for 0.9% of the dose. In preclinical studies, pregabalin (S-enantiomer) did not undergo racemization to the R-enantiomer in mice, rats, rabbits, or monkeys.
Limited data is available on the hepatotoxicity of pregabalin. In prelicensure clinical trials in diabetic neuropathy and epilepsy, therapy with pregabalin was not associated with an increased frequency of serum aminotransferase elevations or liver toxicity. Since its approval and more wide scale use, however, pregabalin has been linked to rare instances of clinically apparent liver injury. Most cases were mild and frequently without jaundice. The latency to onset of injury was short, symptoms of liver injury arising within 3 to 14 days. Both cholestatic and hepatocellular patterns of injury have been reported. Signs of hypersensitivity (fever, rash, eosinophilia) and autoimmunity were not present. Some cases have been severe and associated with marked jaundice and prolongation of the prothrombin time, but all cases ultimately resolved after the medication was stopped without evidence of residual injury.
参考文献:M Chen, V Vijay, Q Shi, Z Liu, H Fang, W Tong. 美国食品药品监督管理局批准的药物标签用于研究药物诱导的肝损伤,《药物发现今日》,16(15-16):697-703, 2011. PMID:21624500 DOI:10.1016/j.drudis.2011.05.007
M Chen, A Suzuki, S Thakkar, K Yu, C Hu, W Tong. DILIrank:按人类发展药物诱导肝损伤风险排名的最大参考药物清单。《药物发现今日》2016, 21(4): 648-653. PMID:26948801 DOI:10.1016/j.drudis.2016.02.015
References:M Chen, V Vijay, Q Shi, Z Liu, H Fang, W Tong. FDA-Approved Drug Labeling for the Study of Drug-Induced Liver Injury, Drug Discovery Today, 16(15-16):697-703, 2011. PMID:21624500 DOI:10.1016/j.drudis.2011.05.007
M Chen, A Suzuki, S Thakkar, K Yu, C Hu, W Tong. DILIrank: the largest reference drug list ranked by the risk for developing drug-induced liver injury in humans. Drug Discov Today 2016, 21(4): 648-653. PMID:26948801 DOI:10.1016/j.drudis.2016.02.015
After oral dosing administered in the fasted state, pregabalin absorption is rapid, and extensive. Pregabalin oral bioavailability is reported to be ≥90% regardless of the dose. Cmax is attained within 1.5 hours after single or multiple doses, and steady state is attained within 24-48 hours with repeated administration. Both Cmax and AUC appear to be dose proportional. Food decreases the rate of pregabalin absorption and as a result, lowers the Cmax by an estimated 25-30% and increases the Tmax to approximately 3 hours. However, the effect of food does not appear to impact the total absorption of pregabalin in a way that is clinically relevant. As a result, pregabalin can be administered with or without food.
Pregabalin is almost exclusively eliminated in the urine. Further, based on preclinical studies, pregabalin does not appear to undergo racemization to the R enantiomer in the body.
After oral administration of pregabalin, the reported apparent volume of distribution is roughly 0.5 L/kg. Although pregabalin is not very lipophilic, it is able to cross the blood brain barrier(BBB). System L transporters facilitate the transport of large amino acids across the BBB and it has been confirmed that pregabalin is a substrate. This information suggests that system L transporters are responsible for pregabalin uptake into the BBB. In rat models, pregabalin has been shown to cross the placenta.
In young healthy subjects the mean renal clearance is estimated to be 67.0 to 80.9 mL mL/min. Given pregabalin's lack of plasma protein binding, this clearance rate suggests that renal tubular reabsorption is involved.
来源:DrugBank
吸收、分配和排泄
普瑞巴林在口服给药后吸收良好...
Pregabalin is well absorbed after oral administration ...
[EN] COMPOUNDS AND THEIR USE AS BACE INHIBITORS<br/>[FR] COMPOSÉS ET LEUR UTILISATION EN TANT QU'INHIBITEURS DE BACE
申请人:ASTRAZENECA AB
公开号:WO2016055858A1
公开(公告)日:2016-04-14
The present application relates to compounds of formula (I), (la), or (lb) and their pharmaceutical compositions/preparations. This application further relates to methods of treating or preventing Αβ-related pathologies such as Down's syndrome, β- amyloid angiopathy such as but not limited to cerebral amyloid angiopathy or hereditary cerebral hemorrhage, disorders associated with cognitive impairment such as but not limited to MCI ("mild cognitive impairment"), Alzheimer's disease, memory loss, attention deficit symptoms associated with Alzheimer's disease, neurodegeneration associated with diseases such as Alzheimer's disease or dementia, including dementia of mixed vascular and degenerative origin, pre-senile dementia, senile dementia and dementia associated with Parkinson's disease.
[EN] ARYL ETHER-BASE KINASE INHIBITORS<br/>[FR] INHIBITEURS DE KINASES DE TYPE ARYLÉTHER-BASE
申请人:BRISTOL MYERS SQUIBB CO
公开号:WO2015038112A1
公开(公告)日:2015-03-19
The present disclosure is generally directed to compounds which can inhibit AAK1 (adaptor associated kinase 1), compositions comprising such compounds, and methods for inhibiting AAK1.
[EN] PYRAZOLO[1,5-a]PYRIMIDINE-BASED COMPOUNDS, COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING THEM, AND METHODS OF THEIR USE<br/>[FR] COMPOSÉS À BASE DE PYRAZOLO[1,5-A] PYRIMIDINE, COMPOSITIONS LES COMPRENANT ET UTILISATIONS DE CEUX-CI
申请人:LEXICON PHARMACEUTICALS INC
公开号:WO2013134228A1
公开(公告)日:2013-09-12
Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-based compounds of the formula: are disclosed, wherein R1, R2 and R3 are defined herein. Compositions comprising the compounds and methods of their use to treat, manage and/or prevent diseases and disorders mediated by mediated by adaptor associated kinase 1 activity are also disclosed.
[EN] A CONJUGATE OF A CYTOTOXIC AGENT TO A CELL BINDING MOLECULE WITH BRANCHED LINKERS<br/>[FR] CONJUGUÉ D'UN AGENT CYTOTOXIQUE À UNE MOLÉCULE DE LIAISON CELLULAIRE AVEC DES LIEURS RAMIFIÉS
申请人:HANGZHOU DAC BIOTECH CO LTD
公开号:WO2020257998A1
公开(公告)日:2020-12-30
Provided is a conjugation of cytotoxic drug to a cell-binding molecule with a side-chain linker. It provides side-chain linkage methods of making a conjugate of a cytotoxic molecule to a cell-binding ligand, as well as methods of using the conjugate in targeted treatment of cancer, infection and immunological disorders.
[EN] CROSS-LINKED PYRROLOBENZODIAZEPINE DIMER (PBD) DERIVATIVE AND ITS CONJUGATES<br/>[FR] DÉRIVÉ DE DIMÈRE DE PYRROLOBENZODIAZÉPINE RÉTICULÉ (PBD) ET SES CONJUGUÉS
申请人:HANGZHOU DAC BIOTECH CO LTD
公开号:WO2020006722A1
公开(公告)日:2020-01-09
A novel cross-linked cytotoxic agents, pyrrolobenzo-diazepine dimer (PBD) derivatives, and their conjugates to a cell-binding molecule, a method for preparation of the conjugates and the therapeutic use of the conjugates.