毒理性
识别与用途:2,2-二溴-3-腈基丙酰胺(DBNPA)是一种白色至“略带白色”的结晶固体。它被用作杀虫剂(商品名称:DBNPA, Slimicide 508, XD-7287L 抗菌剂, XD-1603。)主要用途包括以下几方面:杀藻剂、杀菌剂和杀真菌剂;主要用于木浆、造纸和纸板厂水系统以及工业水冷却系统中的防腐剂。它还用作动物胶、金属加工切削液、油回收钻井泥、乳胶漆、树脂/乳胶/聚合物乳液、乳胶/油/清漆涂料,以及纸张和纸制品的防腐剂。人类暴露和毒性:美国环保署有关于DBNPA的人类事故报告。这些报告包括眼睛、喉咙和呼吸道刺激,流鼻涕和头痛。通常这些影响是由于溢出或误用引起的。在培养的人淋巴细胞增殖中,无论有无代谢激活,都没有报告与治疗相关的染色体畸变。动物研究:在兔子的主要眼睛刺激研究中,导致了严重的角膜损伤。在大鼠的雌雄两性中均观察到皮肤刺激。雌性大鼠的肾脏肾小管发生了改变(轻微的细胞质肿胀和空泡化)。在兔子的发育研究中发现,几块胎儿骨骼元素的骨化延迟。在母体无毒剂量下结构改变的发生表明,DBNPA在兔子上是一种发育毒物。DBNPA未在小鼠中诱导微核形成。在沙门氏菌TA98、TA100、TA1535和TA1537以及大肠杆菌WP2uvrA的测试中,该测试材料在任何测试菌株的每个平板上的回复突变数均未产生阳性增加,无论是否存在微粒体激活。阳性对照是有效的。中国仓鼠卵巢细胞在DBNPA一小时暴露后的姐妹染色单体交换(SCE)试验为阴性。
IDENTIFICATION AND USE: 2,2-Dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is white to "off white" crystalline solid. It is used as a pesticide(Trade Names: DBNPA, Slimicide 508, XD-7287L Antimicrobial, XD-1603.) Main uses include the following: algicide, bactericide and fungicide; preservative used mainly in pulp, paper and paperboard mill water systems and in industrial water cooling systems. It is also used as a preservative in animal glues, metalworking cutting fluids, oil recovery drilling muds, latex paints, resin/latex/polymer emulsions, latex/oil/varnish paints, and paper and paper products. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Several human incident reports concerning DBNPA are on file with the EPA. These include eye, throat, & respiratory irritation, runny nose, & headache. Generally the effects arose with spills or misuse. No treatment related effects on chromosome aberrations in proliferating cultured human lymphocyte were reported with or without metabolic activation. ANIMAL STUDIES: A primary eye irritation study in rabbits resulted in severe corneal damage. Dermal irritation was noted in rats of both sexes. Renal tubular alterations of the kidneys (minimal cytoplasmic swelling and vacuolization) were described in female rats. Developmental study in rabbits found retarded ossification of several fetal skeletal elements. The occurrence of structural alterations at a maternally non-toxic dose indicates that DBNPA is a developmental toxicant in rabbits. DBNPA did not induce micronuclei formation in mice. In Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535, and TA1537 and Escherichia coli WP2uvrA the test material did not produce a positive increase in the number of revertants per plate of any of the test strains either in the presence or absence of microsomal activation. The positive controls were functional. Sister chromatid exchange (SCE) assay in Chinese hamster ovary cells after one hour exposures at DBNPA was negative.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)