IDENTIFICATION AND USE: 2,2-Dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is white to "off white" crystalline solid. It is used as a pesticide(Trade Names: DBNPA, Slimicide 508, XD-7287L Antimicrobial, XD-1603.) Main uses include the following: algicide, bactericide and fungicide; preservative used mainly in pulp, paper and paperboard mill water systems and in industrial water cooling systems. It is also used as a preservative in animal glues, metalworking cutting fluids, oil recovery drilling muds, latex paints, resin/latex/polymer emulsions, latex/oil/varnish paints, and paper and paper products. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Several human incident reports concerning DBNPA are on file with the EPA. These include eye, throat, & respiratory irritation, runny nose, & headache. Generally the effects arose with spills or misuse. No treatment related effects on chromosome aberrations in proliferating cultured human lymphocyte were reported with or without metabolic activation. ANIMAL STUDIES: A primary eye irritation study in rabbits resulted in severe corneal damage. Dermal irritation was noted in rats of both sexes. Renal tubular alterations of the kidneys (minimal cytoplasmic swelling and vacuolization) were described in female rats. Developmental study in rabbits found retarded ossification of several fetal skeletal elements. The occurrence of structural alterations at a maternally non-toxic dose indicates that DBNPA is a developmental toxicant in rabbits. DBNPA did not induce micronuclei formation in mice. In Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535, and TA1537 and Escherichia coli WP2uvrA the test material did not produce a positive increase in the number of revertants per plate of any of the test strains either in the presence or absence of microsomal activation. The positive controls were functional. Sister chromatid exchange (SCE) assay in Chinese hamster ovary cells after one hour exposures at DBNPA was negative.
Reproductive Toxin - A chemical that is toxic to the reproductive system, including defects in the progeny and injury to male or female reproductive function. Reproductive toxicity includes developmental effects. See Guidelines for Reproductive Toxicity Risk Assessment.
Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.
Skin Sensitizer - An agent that can induce an allergic reaction in the skin.
Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.
来源:Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases
毒理性
毒性数据
大鼠LC50 = 320毫克/立方米/4小时
LC50 (rat) = 320 mg/m3/4h
来源:Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases
/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Poisons A and B/
/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poisons A and B/
Halogenation of enol tautomers of 2-cyanoacetamide and malonamic acid
作者:Alex Eberlin、D. Lyn H. Williams
DOI:10.1039/b202542f
日期:2002.6.27
Reactions of 2-cyanoacetamide (CA) with both bromine and iodine at low halogen concentration in aqueous acid solution were first order in halogen and CA, consistent with an interpretation involving rate-limiting halogenation of the enol tautomer. There was no acid dependence in the range 0.1–0.5 mol dm−3. The observed rate constants for bromination and iodination were very similar, indicating that
Gupta; Thorpe, Journal of the Chemical Society, 1922, vol. 121, p. 1901
作者:Gupta、Thorpe
DOI:——
日期:——
Hesse, American Chemical Journal, 1896, vol. 18, p. 725
作者:Hesse
DOI:——
日期:——
Paramagnetic contribution of serum iron to the spin-spin relaxation rate (1/T 2) measured by MRI
作者:A. Yilmaz、M. Yurdakoc、J. Bernarding、H. -M. Vieth、J. Braun、A. Yurt
DOI:10.1007/bf03170519
日期:2002.3
Spin-spin relaxation time T-2 values of serum with and without iron were measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to find the proton relaxivity of Fe(III) in serum. T-2 values in serum containing definite amounts of added iron were also measured before and after addition of ascorbic acid. The difference in the 1/T-2 of serum with and without ascorbic acid was used for recalculation of the added iron values, Recalculated iron values confirm that the difference in healthy serum is caused by iron only. In addition, in order to find the paramagnetic contribution of serum iron, T-2 values of iron-deficient, healthy and iron-overloaded serum were measured before and after addition of ascorbic acid. The difference in the 1/T-2 values was then applied to the calculation of the serum iron values. The consistency of iron values determined from the difference to those by autoanalyzer suggests that the differences in diseased serum also represent the paramagnetic contribution of serum iron. The data imply that serum iron content in healthy, iron-deficient and iron-overloaded serum may be assessed by MRI.
Ott; Loepmann, Chemische Berichte, 1922, vol. 55, p. 1260