氢氟酸 | 7664-39-3

• 物质功能分类: 无机化工 - 无机酸
• 分子结构分类: 无机化合物 - 均质非金属化合物 - 卤代有机物
• 中文名称: 氢氟酸
• 中文别名: 氟化氢；氟氢酸；无水氢氟酸；无水氟化氢
• 英文名称: hydrogen fluoride
• 英文别名: HYDROFLUORIC ACID；hydrogen flouride；fluorhydric acid；Hydron;fluoride
• CAS: 7664-39-3；12381-92-9
• 化学式: FH
• 分子量: 20.0063
• InChiKey: KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N

物化性质

• 熔点：
  -35°C
• 沸点：
  105°C
• 密度：
  1.15 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
• 蒸气密度：
  1.27 (vs air)
• 闪点：
  112°C
• 溶解度：
  极易溶于水、乙醇；溶于乙醚
• 暴露限值：
  Ceiling limit 3 ppm (～2.5 mg/m3) as F (ACGIH); TWA 3 ppm (MSHA and OSHA).
• 介电常数：
  17.0（-73℃）
• LogP：
  0.1 at 20℃
• 物理描述：
  Hydrogen fluoride is a colorless fuming liquid below 67°F (19.4°C), or a colorless gas. When hydrogen fluoride is combined with water it is known as hydrofluoric acid, a colorless liquid, which in low concentrations is visually indistinguishable from water. Hydrofluoric acid that is more than 40% hydrogen fluoride fumes in air.
• 颜色/状态：
  Colorless gas, fumes in air
• 气味：
  ... Strong, irritating odor ...
• 蒸汽密度：
  1.27 (Air = 1) at 34 °C
• 蒸汽压力：
  917 mm Hg at 25 °C
• 亨利常数：
  Henry's Law constant: 9.61 mol/L atm (1.04X10-4 cu m atm/mol) /Hydrofluoric acid/
• 稳定性/保质期：
  Stable under recommended storage conditions.
• 自燃温度：
  Not flammable (USCG, 1999)
• 分解：
  When heated to decomp it emits highly corrosive fumes of /hydrogen fluoride/.
• 腐蚀性：
  Corrosive, dissolves silica, silicic acid, glass
• 汽化热：
  7.493 kJ/mol at 101.3 kPa
• 表面张力：
  Surface tension: 10.2 mN/m at 0 °C
• 电离电位：
  15.98 eV
• 气味阈值：
  Odor Threshold Low: 0.04 [mmHg]; Odor threshold from AIHA
• 折光率：
  Index of refraction, liquid: 1.1574 at 25 °C, 589.3 nm
• 解离常数：
  pKa = 3.19

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  0.6
• 重原子数：
  1
• 可旋转键数：
  0
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.0
• 拓扑面积：
  0
• 氢给体数：
  1
• 氢受体数：
  1

ADMET

代谢

氟化物离子通过取代碳酸盐-磷灰石结构中的羟基，被并入骨骼中，产生羟基氟磷灰石，从而改变了骨骼的矿化结构。矿化改变增加了硬度和骨量，但也降低了机械强度。循环中的无机氟化物的一部分作为酶抑制剂，因为它形成了金属氟化物-磷酸盐复合物，干扰了那些需要金属离子辅因子的酶的活动。此外，氟化物可能直接与酶或底物相互作用。它是细胞能量产生系统的一般抑制剂。氟可能结合钙并降低其浓度。这被认为会间接抑制amelogeninase活性，导致晶体生长改变，进而引起牙齿氟斑牙。

Fluoride ions are incorporated into bone by substituting for hydroxyl groups in the carbonate-apatite structure to produce hydroxyfluorapatite, thus altering the mineral structure of the bone. Alteration in mineralization increases hardness and bone mass, but also decreases mechanical strength. A portion of the circulating inorganic fluoride acts as an enzyme inhibitor because it forms metalfluoride-phosphate complexes that interfere with the activity of those enzymes requiring a metal ion cofactor. In addition, fluoride may interact directly with the enzyme or the substrate. It is a general inhibitor of the energy production system of the cell. Fluorine may bind calcium and decrease its concentration. This is thought to indirectly inhibit amelogeninase activity, resulting in altered crystal growth and subsequently causing dental fluorosis. (L963)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 毒性总结

氢氟酸是一种在室温下为气态的物质，但最常见的形态是水溶液。市面上可购买到的溶液浓度高达70%。氢氟酸用于蚀刻玻璃和清洁玻璃、半导体、计算机芯片和陶瓷制造以及工业应用。它也可用于商业和家庭洗衣操作中的除锈，以及在钛金属加工、石油勘探、冶金实验室、牙科实验室、清洁瓷砖的清洁产品和铝亮光剂中。在人类研究中，氢氟酸对所有组织都具有高度腐蚀性。系统吸收发生在皮肤接触或摄入后；可能导致严重的快速低钙血症，伴随心律失常和心脏骤停。对心脏的影响是由于低钙血症，包括QT间期延长、心律失常（室性心动过速、心室颤动和电机械分离）。这些影响导致低血压和心脏骤停。吸入后，可能会发生严重的肺部损伤，包括肺水肿和支气管肺炎。系统性吸收后由于低钙血症可能导致手足搐搦。严重和延迟的损伤可能在无症状间隔24小时后发展成烧伤，特别是接触稀释溶液（<20%）时。对于浓缩溶液（>40%），效果更快更明显，立即出现疼痛和皮肤损伤。眼睛污染也会导致类似的严重毒性。已有关于氢氟酸致命暴露的报道。一例死亡是由于接触无水氢氟酸2.5%体表面积后大约12小时发生的难治性低钙血症。另一例报告称，70%氢氟酸导致的9%-10%体表面积烧伤后13小时死亡。在动物研究中，兔子的实验性飞溅烧伤表明20%溶液会立即造成损伤，包括总角膜混浊、结膜缺血，以及角膜基质水肿，在一小时内，随后是眼前段结构的坏死。8%溶液产生持续40-65天的缺血和角膜基质水肿，伴有角膜血管化。即使是2%溶液也引起了轻度的持续基质水肿和血管化，但在0.5%溶液后10天内恢复。在一项研究中，暴露于氢氟酸的 rats 出现了肝脏中央小叶损伤。当 rats 通过吸入暴露于氢氟酸时，观察到中毒动物的眼睛和鼻子粘膜刺激、虚弱和体重下降。对豚鼠和兔子有严重刺激性。暴露后，动物的睑闭合，频繁出现咳嗽和打喷嚏的发作，呼吸减慢，眼睛和鼻子有大量分泌物。肺部损伤包括大量出血、水肿、充血和肺气肿。五类实验动物在氢氟酸浓度为8.6和30 ppm的条件下，每天暴露6小时，连续暴露30天，这些浓度涵盖了最大和最小效果的区间。在较高浓度下暴露对所有 rats 和 mice 都是致命的，但对豚鼠、兔子和狗则不然。在存活的动物中，兔子体重略有下降，狗似乎不受影响，而豚鼠在第三周开始体重下降。在8.6 ppm的浓度下每天暴露6小时，除了兔子外，没有显著改变任何动物的正常体重增加。经吸入暴露后，氢氟酸在 mice 中未引起显性致死突变。在吸入1.0 mg/cu m氢氟酸6小时/天、6天/周的 rats 中，一个月后发现骨髋细胞中染色体畸变的发生率增加。在生态毒性研究中，将中华蟾蜍蝌蚪在Gosner阶段26至变态完成期间，慢性暴露于水中氟化物，测量浓度范围为0.4至61.2 mg F-/L，持续70天。慢性暴露导致所有测试氟化物浓度下的浓度依赖性死亡。在成年斑马鱼中，慢性氟化物暴露破坏了氧化还原平衡，影响DNA修复机制，具有促凋亡的含义，并抑制促炎症细胞因子的表达，废除对细菌感染的主免疫力。

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Hydrogen fluoride is a gas at room temperature but it is available most frequently in aqueous solutions. Solutions up to 70% are available. It is used for etching glass and cleaning in the manufacture of glass, semiconductors, computer chips and ceramics and industrial applications. It can also be used for rust removal in commercial and home laundry operations, as well as in milling titanium, petroleum exploration, metallurgy laboratories, dental laboratories, janitorial products for tile cleaning, aluminum brighteners. HUMAN STUDIES: Hydrogen fluoride is highly corrosive to all tissues. Systemic absorption occurs following skin exposure or ingestion; severe and rapid hypocalcemia may result with cardiac dysrhythmia and arrest. The effects on the heart are due to hypocalcemia. These include the prolongation of the QT interval, arrhythmias (ventricular tachycardia, fibrillation and electromechanical dissociation. These effects result in hypotension and cardiac arrest. After inhalation, severe pulmonary injury may occur with pulmonary edema and bronchopneumonia. Tetany may result due to hypocalcemia after systemic absorption. Severe and delayed injury can occur with burns may develop after a symptom free interval of 24 hours. This is particularly true of exposures of dilute (<20%) solutions. With concentrated solutions (>40%), the effects are more rapid and pronounced with immediate pain and skin damage. Eye contamination causes similarly severe toxicity. Fatal exposures to hydrogen fluoride have been reported. One case involved a death due to refractory hypocalcemia about 12 hours after exposure of 2.5% body surface area to anhydrous hydrogen fluoride. A death was reported after 13 hours from a 9%-10% body surface area burn from 70% hydrogen fluoride. ANIMAL STUDIES: Experimental splash burns in rabbits have shown 20% solution to cause immediate damage with total corneal opacification with conjunctival ischemia, and corneal stromal edema within an hour, followed by necrosis of anterior ocular structures. An 8% solution produced ischemia and corneal stromal edema persisting for 40-65 days, accompanied by corneal vascularization. Even a 2% solution caused mild persistent stromal edema and vascularization, but after 0.5% solution there was recovery in 10 days. In one study rats exposed to hydrogen fluoride had hepatic centrilobular injury. When rats were exposed through inhalation to hydrogen fluoride, irritation of the mucous membranes of the eyes and nose, weakness, and a decrease in body weight were observed in the poisoned animals. Severe irritant to guinea pigs and rabbits. On exposure, the animals' eyes were kept closed, paroxysms of coughing and sneezing were frequent, respiration was slowed, and there were copious discharges from the eyes and nose. Pulmonary damage included massive hemorrhage, edema, congestion, and emphysema.Thirty day exposures of five laboratory animal species to hydrogen fluoride at levels that bracketed the maximal and minimal effects were performed at 8.6 and 30 ppm in 6-hr, daily exposures. Exposure at the higher concentration was lethal to all the rats and mice, but not to guinea pigs, rabbits, and dogs. Among the surviving animals, the rabbits showed a slight reduction in body weight, the dogs were apparently unaffected, and the guinea pigs began to lose weight after the third week of exposure. Exposure at 8.6 ppm for 6 hr/day failed to alter significantly normal weight gains in any of the animals except rabbits. Hydrogen fluoride was negative for dominant lethal mutations following inhalation exposure in mice. Increases in the occurrence of chromosome aberrations were found in the bone marrow cells of rats exposed by inhalation to 1.0 mg/cu m hydrogen fluoride 6 hours/day, 6 days/week for 1 month. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: Bufo gargarizans tadpoles were chronically exposed to waterborne fluoride at measured concentrations ranging from 0.4 to 61.2 mg F-/L for 70 days from Gosner stage 26 to completion of metamorphosis. The chronic exposure caused a concentration-dependent mortality in all tested fluoride concentrations. In adult zebrafish chronic fluoride exposure impairs the redox balance, affects DNA repair machinery with pro-apoptotic implications and suppresses pro-inflammatory cytokines expression abrogating host immunity to bacterial infections.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 毒性总结

除了是一种高度腐蚀性的液体，氢氟酸也是一种接触性毒物。与大多数酸一样，氢氟酸可以通过蛋白质的变性和部分水解导致组织烧伤。大多数蛋白质在pH值小于3-4时会变性。蛋白质的大规模变性、脂质的脱酯化和随后组织的脱水导致化学烧伤。由于氢氟酸的酸性离解常数较低，作为中性的脂溶性分子，它比典型的无机酸更快地渗透组织。由于氢氟酸能够渗透组织，因此通过皮肤或眼睛接触、吸入或吞咽时，很容易发生中毒。氢氟酸还会干扰神经功能，这意味着烧伤最初可能不会感到疼痛。在体内，氢氟酸与普遍存在的生物重要离子Ca2+和Mg2+反应。形成不溶性的氟化钙被认为是血清钙急剧下降和组织毒性严重疼痛的病因。在某些情况下，暴露可能导致低钙血症。无机氟化物抑制了肾小管远曲小管对抗利尿激素作用的腺苷酸环化酶活性。氟化物还刺激肾内血管舒张，导致髓质血流量增加，这干扰了肾脏所需的反流机制，以浓缩尿液。

In addition to being a highly corrosive liquid, hydrofluoric acid is also a contact poison. As with most acids HF can cause tissue burns through the denaturation of proteins and partial hydrolysis of proteins. Most proteins denature at pH values of less than 3-4. The large-scale denaturation of proteins, de-esterification of lipids and subsequent desiccation of tissues leads to chemical burns. Owing to its low acid dissociation constant, HF as a neutral lipid-soluble molecule penetrates tissue more rapidly than typical mineral acids. Because of the ability of hydrofluoric acid to penetrate tissue, poisoning can occur readily through exposure of skin or eyes, or when inhaled or swallowed. HF also interferes with nerve function, meaning that burns may not initially be painful. In the body, hydrofluoric acid reacts with the ubiquitous biologically important ions Ca2+ and Mg2+. Formation of insoluble calcium fluoride is proposed as the etiology for both precipitous fall in serum calcium and the severe pain associated with tissue toxicity. In some cases, exposures can lead to hypocalcemia. Inorganic fluoride inhibits adenylate cyclase activity required for antidiuretic hormone effect on the distal convoluted tubule of the kidney. Fluoride also stimulates intrarenal vasodilation, leading to increased medullary blood flow, which interferes with the counter current mechanism in the kidney required for concentration of urine.

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 致癌物分类

对人类无致癌性（未列入国际癌症研究机构IARC清单）。

No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 健康影响

氢氟酸极具腐蚀性。它可能渗透皮肤，削弱骨骼，干扰神经功能，并且与血液中的钙反应，导致心脏骤停。(L968)

Hydrogen fluoride is extremely corrosive. It may penetrate the skin and weaken the bones, as well as interfere with nerve function and react with blood calcium, causing cardiac arrest. (L968)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 暴露途径

严重的系统性影响和通过所有暴露途径的局部影响。

Serious systemic effects and local effects by all routes of exposure.

来源:ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)

吸收、分配和排泄

吸入0.8-2.8或2.9-6.0 ppm氟化氢60分钟后，人类血浆中氟化物水平升高；最大血浆浓度在暴露开始后60-90分钟观察到。

Increases in plasma fluoride levels were observed in humans inhaling 0.8-2.8 or 2.9-6.0 ppm fluoride as hydrogen fluoride of 60 minutes; maximum plasma concentrations were observed 60-90 minutes after exposure initiation.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

在大鼠的研究表明，氢氟酸主要通过上呼吸道吸收，并且上呼吸道从吸入空气中去除氢氟酸的效率接近100%，对于暴露浓度在30到176毫克氟/立方米范围内的情况。此外，显然分布到血液的速度很快。在间歇暴露40分钟后，血浆中氟化物浓度与通过外科隔离的上呼吸道通过的空气中氢氟酸的浓度密切相关（相关系数=0.98；p<0.01）。在40分钟以下的时间点没有测量血浆水平。

A study in rats suggests that hydrogen fluoride is absorbed primarily by the upper respiratory tract, and that removal of hydrogen fluoride from inhaled air by the upper respiratory tract approaches 100% for exposures that range from 30 to 176 mg fluoride/cu m. Furthermore, it is apparent that distribution to the blood is rapid. Immediately following 40 minutes of intermittent exposure, plasma fluoride concentrations correlated closely (correlation coefficient = 0.98; p<0.01) with the concentration of hydrogen fluoride in the air passed through the surgically isolated upper respiratory tract. Plasma levels were not measured at time points <40 minutes.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

为了确定工人血清中离子氟化物浓度与工作环境中氢氟酸（HF）量的关系，对142名接触HF的工人和270名未接触工人的班前和班后血清和尿液样本进行了检测。每个车间空气中HF的最大和最小浓度与平均值的偏差小于30%。接触前HF工人血清和尿液中氟化物的水平高于对照组（P < 0.001），这表明氟化物从体内的排泄至少持续12小时。这些工人的班后血清和尿液中氟化物浓度显著高于班前（P < 0.001）。班后血清氟化物与班后尿氟化物之间存在良好的相关性（r = 0.64）。平均血清氟化物浓度与车间HF浓度之间存在线性关系。估计平均氟化物浓度为82.3 ug/L，对应的可信下限（95%，P = 0.05）为57.9 ug/L，相应的大气HF浓度为3 ppm。...

To define the relationship between ionic fluoride concentration in the serum of workers and the amount of hydrofluoric acid (HF) in the work environment, pre-and postshift serum and urine samples of 142 HF workers and 270 unexposed workers were examined. The maximum and minimum concentrations of HF in the air in each workshop varied from the mean by less than 30%. The preexposure levels of serum and urinary fluoride in HF workers were higher (P < 0.001) than the control values. This suggests that fluoride excretion from the body continues for at least 12 hr. The postshift serum and urinary fluoride concentrations of these workers were significantly higher (P < 0.001) than the preshift concentrations. A good correlation (r = 0.64) was obtained between postshift serum fluoride and postshift urine fluoride. There was a linear relationship between mean serum fluoride concentration and HF concentration in the workshop. A mean fluoride concentration of 82.3 ug/L with a lower fiducial limit (95%, P = 0.05) of 57.9 ug/L was estimated to correspond to an atmospheric HF concentration of 3 ppm. ...

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

进行了一项研究，以确定吸入氢氟酸的吸收情况。在工业环境中，两名受试者暴露于主要由氢氟酸和四氟化硅组成的氟化物中，平均气态浓度为3.8毫克F/立方米，持续8小时。在暴露期间每隔2小时收集一次尿液样本，暴露后大约2天也进行了收集。在暴露期间，尿液中氟化物排泄迅速增加，在停止暴露后2-4小时达到排泄高峰。在24小时内，尿液中的氟化物水平几乎恢复到基础水平，尽管在第二天仍然有轻微的升高。两名受试者每天排泄的氟化物总量如下：暴露当天为9.64和8.56毫克氟化物；暴露后第一天为1.67和2.49；第二天为0.99和1.31；第三天为0.89和1.34。暴露前每天的基础尿液氟化物排泄量分别为0.9和1.2毫克氟化物。

A study /was conducted/ to determine the absorption of inhaled hydrofluoric acid. Two human subjects were exposed for an 8 hour period in an industrial environment to fluorides consisting primarily of hydrogen fluoride and silicon tetrafluoride at an average airborne concentration of 3.8 mg F/cu m. Urine specimens were collected at 2 hour intervals during exposure and or approximately 2 days afterwards. There was a rapid rise in urinary fluoride excretion during exposure, and a peak output was reached in 2-4 hours after cessation of exposure. Within 24 hours, the urinary fluoride levels returned practically to base levels, although a slight elevation persisted into the following day. The total amounts of fluoride excreted daily by the two subjects were as follows: day of exposure, 9.64 and 8.56 mg fluoride; first day after exposure, 1.67 and 2.49; second day, 0.99 and 1.31; and third day, 0.89 and 1.34. The baseline daily urinary fluoride excretions before exposure were 0.9 and 1.2 mg fluoride, respectively.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

安全信息

• 职业暴露等级：
  B
• 职业暴露限值：
  TWA: 3 ppm (2.5 mg/m3), Ceiling: 6 ppm (5 mg/m3) [15-minute]
• TSCA：
  Yes
• 危险等级：
  8
• 立即威胁生命和健康浓度：
  30 ppm
• 危险品标志：
  C
• 安全说明：
  S26,S28,S36,S36/37,S36/37/39,S45,S7/9
• 危险类别码：
  R26/27/28,R35
• WGK Germany：
  2
• 海关编码：
  2811110000
• 危险品运输编号：
  UN 1790 8/PG 2
• 危险类别：
  8
• RTECS号：
  MW7875000
• 包装等级：
  II
• 危险标志：
  GHS05,GHS06
• 危险性描述：
  H300 + H310 + H330,H314
• 危险性防范说明：
  P260,P280,P301 + P310 + P330,P303 + P361 + P353,P304 + P340 + P310,P305 + P351 + P338,P403 + P233

制备方法与用途

根据您提供的信息，氢氟酸的主要用途包括：

1. 制造有机或无机氟化物：如氟碳化合物、氟化钠、氟化铝等。

2. 酸洗金属：用于不锈钢和非铁金属的表面处理。

3. 刻蚀玻璃：在光学仪器制造中应用广泛，能精确地刻出各种花纹图案。

4. 玻璃器皿加工：可用于磨砂灯泡和一般灯泡处理、玻璃刻度标记等。

5. 金属处理：去除铸件中的砂粒及石墨灰分的去除。

6. 半导体制造：用于锗硅等半导体材料的生产过程。

7. 化学试剂：作为分析测试中的一种重要试剂使用。

8. 冷冻剂与塑料、橡胶制造：是制备氟里昂及其他含氟产品的重要原料。

9. 陶瓷和金属镀层处理：可用于某些陶瓷表面改性和金属电镀工艺。

10. 合成染料和其他有机化合物的催化剂作用。

11. 在原子能工业中作为六氟化铀等特殊材料的制备原料。

值得注意的是，尽管氢氟酸具有广泛的用途，但由于其强腐蚀性、毒性以及潜在的危害性（如对呼吸道和皮肤的严重损伤），在使用时必须严格遵守安全操作规程，并采取适当防护措施。

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  氢氟酸 在 吡啶 作用下， 以 乙腈 为溶剂， 生成 (S)-tert-butyl 2-(2-(oxazol-2-yl)-4-phenylthiazol-5-ylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate
  参考文献：
  名称：

  INHIBITORS OF IAP

  摘要：

  新型IAP抑制剂，可用作治疗恶性肿瘤的治疗剂，并具有以下一般公式I：其中R1、R2、R3、R4、R5和R6如本文所述。

  公开号：

  US20130172264A1
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  氟乙烷 以 gaseous matrix 为溶剂， 生成 氢氟酸
  参考文献：
  名称：

  IR multiple photon dissociation of fluorinated ethanes and ethylenes: HF vibrational energy distributions

  摘要：

  The IR multiple photon dissociation of fluorinated ethanes and ethylenes produces vibrationally excited HF via collisionless molecular elimination. The HF† fluorescence spectra have been measured and analyzed in order to determine the relative vibrational level populations produced by the dissociation processes. These results are compared to those obtained by others who used alternate methods of excitation. The measured vibrational level distributions cannot be adequately represented by single temperature Boltzmann distributions or by a statistical partitioning of the available energy. It is estimated that less than 30% of the fixed energy appears as vibrational excitation of the HF fragment.

  DOI：

  10.1063/1.439280
• 作为试剂：
  描述：

  在 吡啶 、 氢氟酸 、 L-Selectride 、 三乙胺 、 间氯过氧苯甲酸 作用下， 以 四氢呋喃 、 甲醇 、 正己烷 、 甲苯 为溶剂， 反应 13.0h， 生成
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Forskolin 骨架的收敛方法

  摘要：

  描述了毛喉素骨架的收敛方法。通过二氢吡喃酮狄尔斯-阿尔德反应一步即可组装出简化的三环骨架。对所得环加合物的选择性操作，结合 C8 立体中心的异常平衡，提供了在 A/B 和 B/C 环连接处相对立体化学不同的支架。

  DOI：

  10.1055/s-0043-1774864

文献信息

• 양전자 방출 단층 촬영용 화합물
  申请人：ENDOCYTE, INC. 엔도사이트, 인코포레이티드(520040372060)

  公开号：KR20160079887A

  公开（公告）日：2016-07-06

  본원에 개시된 것은 양전자 방출 단층 촬영을 이용하여 병원성 질환을 진단 및/또는 모니터링하기 위한 화합물, 조성물 및 방법이다. 또한 개시된 것은 B가 비타민 수용체 결합 리간드 (예컨대 폴레이트), PSMA 결합 리간드 또는 PSMA 억제제로부터 선택되는 표적화제의 라디칼이며; L이 아스파르트산, 라이신, 또는 아르기닌을 포함하는 2가 링커이고; P가 조영제 또는 방사선 요법제, 예컨대 방사성 핵종 또는 방사성 핵종 함유 기의 라디칼, 또는 방사성 핵종, 예컨대 금속 킬레이팅 기에 결합할 수 있는 화합물의 라디칼인 화학식 B-L-P의 콘쥬게이트이다.

  本发明涉及利用正电子发射断层扫描诊断和/或监测病原性疾病的化合物、组合物和方法。此外，所述的是B是维生素受体结合配体（例如聚谷酸）、PSMA结合配体或PSMA抑制剂中选择的靶向剂的基团；L是包含天冬氨酸、赖氨酸或精氨酸的2价连接基；P是造影剂或放射治疗剂，例如放射性核素或含有放射性核素的基团，或者是可与放射性核素，例如金属螯合基结合的化合物的基团的化学式B-L-P的共轭物。
• Synthesis and Characterisation of Indium(III) Bis-Thiosemicarbazone Complexes: 18F Incorporation for PET Imaging
  作者：Taracad K. Venkatachalam、Paul V. Bernhardt、Gregory K. Pierens、Damion H. R. Stimson、Rajiv Bhalla、David C. Reutens

  DOI：10.1071/ch18559

  日期：——

  coordination sphere in all indium complexes. In some complexes, an intermolecular hydrogen bond was present between the chlorine atom and an NH group. Three different indium chlorido complexes were converted into the corresponding fluorido-derivative by a simple halide exchange method using K18F. These novel complexes, containing the positron emitting isotope 18F, may have potential applications in positron

  使用甲醇钠的甲醇溶液，从适当取代的双硫代半氨基甲酮开始，制备了几种双硫代半氨基甲酮的与铟相关的氯配合物。进行了详细的NMR研究以指定结构，包括COSY，HSQC和HMBC技术。所有铟配合物的结构均使用单晶X射线衍射解析。氯配体存在于所有铟配合物中的方形锥体配位球的顶点。在一些配合物中，在氯原子和NH基团之间存在分子间氢键。通过使用K 18的简单卤化物交换方法，将三种不同的铟氯离子络合物转化为相应的氟代衍生物F.包含正电子发射同位素18 F的这些新型复合物，可能在正电子发射断层扫描（PET）中具有潜在的应用。
• [EN] CATALYTIC FLUORINATION PROCESS OF MAKING HYDROHALOALKANE<br/>[FR] PROCÉDÉ DE PRODUCTION D'UN HYDROHALOALCANE PAR FLUORATION CATALYTIQUE
  申请人：NAPPA MARIO JOSEPH

  公开号：WO2013071024A1

  公开（公告）日：2013-05-16

  The present disclosure provides a fluorination process which involves reacting a hydrohaloalkene of the formula RfCCl=CH2 with HF in a reaction zone in the presence of a fluorination catalyst selected from the group consisting of TaF5 and TiF4 to produce a product mixture containing a hydrohaloalkane of the formula RfCFClCH3, wherein Rf is a perfluorinated alkyl group.

  本公开提供了一种氟化过程，涉及在反应区中在氟化催化剂TaF5和TiF4所选的群组中的存在下，将化学式为RfCCl=CH2的氢卤烯与氢氟酸反应，以产生含有化学式为RfCFClCH3的氢卤烷的产物混合物，其中Rf是全氟烷基基团。
• Microwave-Assisted Alkylation of [CB₁₁H₁₂]⁻ and Related Anions
  作者：Michal Valášek、Jan Štursa、Radek Pohl、Josef Michl

  DOI：10.1021/ic101234p

  日期：2010.11.15

  A total of 19 permethylated derivatives of substituted [CB11H12]− anions have been prepared using alkylation with microwave assistance. The reactions proceed much faster and more cleanly than under ordinary conditions. Microwave assistance is especially convenient for the permethylation of carborane anions carrying electron-withdrawing groups in positions 1 and/or 12. Even [1-F-CB11H11]− can be undecamethylated

  使用烷基化在微波辅助下，共制备了19种取代的[CB 11 H 12 ] -阴离子的全甲基化衍生物。该反应比通常条件下进行得更快，更干净。微波辅助对于在位置1和/或12上带有吸电子基团的碳硼烷阴离子的全甲基化特别方便。即使[1-F-CB 11 H 11 ] -都可以被脱十甲基化，而在普通加热下，它只能被六甲基化。 。
• Rapid aqueous [18F]-labeling of a bodipy dye for positron emission tomography/fluorescence dual modality imaging
  作者：Zibo Li、Tzu-Pin Lin、Shuanglong Liu、Chiun-Wei Huang、Todd W. Hudnall、François P. Gabbaï、Peter S. Conti

  DOI：10.1039/c1cc13089g

  日期：——

  We report the rapid nucleophilic [(18)F]-radiolabeling of a bodipy dye in aqueous solutions. This radiolabeled dye, whose biodistribution and clearance has been studied in mice, is stable in vivo and can be used as a positron emission tomography/fluorescence dual modality imaging agent.

  我们报告了bodipy染料在水溶液中的快速亲核[（18）F] -radiolabeling。这种放射性标记的染料的生物分布和清除率已在小鼠中进行了研究，在体内是稳定的，可用作正电子发射断层扫描/荧光双模态成像剂。