HYDROXYLATION OF AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS WAS STUDIED FOLLOWING THEIR ORAL ADMINISTRATION TO RATS THAT ALSO RECEIVED A PURIFIED DIET CONTAINING NEOMYCIN TO REDUCE THE LEVELS OF NORMALLY OCCURRING SIMPLE URINARY PHENOLS. PHENOLIC METABOLITES WERE QUANTITATIVELY ESTIMATED IN HYDROLYZED URINE SAMPLES BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY. P-XYLENE ADMINISTERED AT A DOSE OF 100 MG/KG WAS METABOLIZED TO 2,5-DIMETHYLPHENOL TO THE EXTENT OF 1.0% OF THE DOSE GIVEN.
FOUR PERSONS WERE EXPOSED TO XYLENES. 2,3- AND 3,4-XYLENOL WERE OBSERVED IN URINE OF THOSE EXPOSED TO O-XYLENE. 2,4-XYLENOL OBSERVED AFTER M-XYLENE AND 2,5-XYLENOL AFTER P-XYLENE.
Pulmonary metabolites of p-xylene, p-methylbenzyl alcohol and 2,5-dimethylphenol, were employed to investigate the divergent effects of p-xylene on pulmonary and hepatic metabolism. Rats were given p-methylbenzyl alcohol, 2,5-dimethylphenol, or 10% cremophore (control) ip daily for 3 days, and effects on hepatic and pulmonary microsomal metabolism were determined 12 hours later. Both p-methylbenzyl alcohol and 2,5-dimethylphenol mimic the decrease in pulmonary benzyloxyresorufin-O-debenzylase activity previously reported for p-xylene, but neither could account for the potent induction of cytochrome P450 in the liver. Only p-methylbenzyl alcohol had a consistent effect on P450IIB apoprotein levels, decreasing them in both the liver and lung. These data suggest that p-methylbenzyl alcohol may have a significant role in the inhibition of pulmonary P450 caused by p-xylene.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
代谢
2,5-二甲基苯酚是p-二甲苯的人类已知代谢物。
2,5-dimethylphenol is a known human metabolite of p-xylene.
Neurotoxin - Other CNS neurotoxin
Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.
Methemoglobinemia - The presence of increased methemoglobin in the blood; the compound is classified as secondary toxic effect
Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.
Skin Sensitizer - An agent that can induce an allergic reaction in the skin.
Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.
ACGIH Carcinogen - Confirmed Animal.
来源:Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases
A SPONTANEOUSLY DEVELOPING VASOCONSTRICTION IN ISOLATED PERFUSED LUNG AND THE VASOCONSTRICTION CAUSED BY ARTERIALLY INJECTED ATP (50 UG) WERE BOTH INHIBITED BY THE ADDITION TO THE PERFUSATE OF VARIOUS PHENOLS INCLUDING 2,5-XYLENOL.
Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Administer activated charcoal ... . Dilution may be contraindicated because it may increase absorption. Do not use emetics ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Phenols and Related compounds/
Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in respiratory arrest. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W TKO /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors for hypotension with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Administer 1% solution methylene blue if patient is symptomatic with severe hypoxia, cyanosis, and cardiac compromise not responding to oxygen. ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Phenols and Related Compounds/
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
人类毒性摘录
经口摄入和皮肤吸收均有毒。/商业混合物/
TOXIC BY INGESTION AND SKIN ABSORPTION. /COMMERCIAL MIXTURES/
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
在焦化设施工业中,研究了邻甲酚、间甲酚、对甲酚、2,4-二甲酚、2,5-二甲酚、3,4-二甲酚和3,5-二甲酚的暴露水平与尿中酚排泄之间的关系。研究对象包括从事焦油蒸馏过程的76名暴露工人和34名对照组。... 尿液代谢物水平已针对比重和肌酐进行了校正。焦油蒸馏工人的呼吸区域的时间加权平均暴露浓度... 对于二甲酚为0.02至0.04 mg/立方米。... 暴露工人的尿中二甲酚水平范围为0.12至0.97 mg/l,已进行比重校正。在对照组尿样中,比重校正后的二甲酚浓度范围为25 x 10(-3)至43 x 10(-3) mg/l。观察到环境水平与尿中酚、邻甲酚和二甲酚浓度之间存在显著相关性,相关系数范围为0.45至0.82。作者结论,尿中二甲酚的生物监测可能用作衡量焦化设施工人二甲酚暴露的一种方法。
Associations between o-cresol, p-cresol, m-cresol, 2,4-xylenol, 2,5-xylenol, 3,4-xylenol, and 3,5-xylenol exposure levels and urinary phenol excretion were examined in the coke facility industry. The subjects consisted of 76 exposed workers employed in the tar distillation process and 34 controls. ... Urinary metabolite levels were corrected for specific gravity and creatinine. The time weighted average exposure concentrations in the breathing zones of the tar distillation workers were ... 0.02 to 0.04 mg/cu m for xylenols. ... The urinary xylenol levels of exposed workers ranged from 0.12 to 0.97 mg/l with specific gravity correction. In control urine samples, the specific gravity corrected xylenol concentrations ranged from 25 x 10(-3) to 43 x 10(-3) mg/l. Significant correlations were observed between the ambient levels and urinary concentrations of phenol, o-cresol, and the xylenols, with coefficients ranging from 0.45 to 0.82. The author concludes that the biological monitoring of urinary xylenols may be used as a means of measuring xylenol exposure in coke facility workers.
Phenol (87.3 mg/l), p-cresol (58.6 mg/l), o-cresol (76.9 mg/l), and 2,5-xylenol (36.7 mg/l) were detected in the urine of workers employed in the distillation of the high temperature phenolic fraction of tar (carbolic oil). The concentrations of these compounds in the urine of non-exposed male workers was 11.7 mg/l, 25.7 mg/l, 68.1 ug/l, and 69 ug/l respectively. The excretion rates were 4.20 mg/hr for phenol, 2.4 mg/hr for p-cresol, 3.3 mg/hr for o-cresol; and 1.5 mg/hr for 2,5-xylenol. The highest concentrations of the ... compounds were detected in urine collected between eight and 10 hr from the beginning of exposure. ...
1.周国泰,化学危险品安全技术全书,化学工业出版社,1997 2.国家环保局有毒化学品管理办公室、北京化工研究院合编,化学品毒性法规环境数据手册,中国环境科学出版社.1992 3.Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety,CHEMINFO Database.1998 4.Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety, RTECS Database, 1989
[EN] PROLYL HYDROXYLASE INHIBITORS<br/>[FR] INHIBITEURS DE LA PROLYL HYDROXYLASE
申请人:GLAXOSMITHKLINE LLC
公开号:WO2010059549A1
公开(公告)日:2010-05-27
The invention described herein relates to certain 2,4-dioxo-l,2,3,4-tetrahydro-7- quinazolinecarboxamide derivatives of formula (I) which are antagonists of HIF prolyl hydroxylases and are useful for treating diseases benefiting from the inhibition of this enzyme, anemia being one example.
Reaction of natural-occurring phenolic derivatives with bis(trimethylsilyl) sulfate
作者:G. Nuissier、P. Bourgeois、M. Grignon-Dubois
DOI:10.1007/s10600-008-9100-5
日期:2008.7
applications inthe dying industry and in sulfa drugs as antibiotics [3].Aromatic substrates can be sulfonated with concentratedsulfuric acid, sulfur trioxide-dioxane complex, trifluoroaceticacid-sulfuric acid, or sulfurtrioxide in dichloromethane [4].Bourgeois and Duffaut [5] have shown thatbis(trimethylsilyl)sulfate allows the sulfonation of anisoleunder mild conditions. It is thermally stable and soluble
Active Molybdenum-Based Anode for Dehydrogenative Coupling Reactions
作者:Sebastian B. Beil、Timo Müller、Sydney B. Sillart、Peter Franzmann、Alexander Bomm、Michael Holtkamp、Uwe Karst、Wolfgang Schade、Siegfried R. Waldvogel
DOI:10.1002/anie.201712718
日期:2018.2.23
and powerful active anode system that can be operated in 1,1,1,3,3,3‐hexafluoro‐2‐propanol (HFIP) has been discovered. In HFIP the molybdenum anode forms a compact, conductive, and electroactive layer of higher‐valent molybdenum species. This system can replace powerful but stoichiometrically required MoV reagents for the dehydrogenative coupling of aryls. This electrolytic reaction is more sustainable
Directed Remote Lateral Metalation: Highly Substituted 2-Naphthols and BINOLs by In Situ Generation of a Directing Group
作者:Jignesh J. Patel、Marju Laars、Wei Gan、Johnathan Board、Matthew O. Kitching、Victor Snieckus
DOI:10.1002/anie.201805203
日期:2018.7.20
general synthesis of highly substituted 2‐naphthols based on a new carbanionic reaction sequence is demonstrated. The reaction exploits the dual nature of lithium bases consisting of consecutive ring opening of readily available coumarins with either LiNEt2 or LiNiPr2 into Z‐cinnamamides, thus generating a directinggroup in situ and allowing, by conformational freedom, a lateral directed remote metalation
演示了基于新的碳负离子反应序列的高度取代的2-萘酚的一般合成。该反应利用了锂碱的双重性质,即将容易获得的具有LiNEt 2或LiN i Pr 2的香豆素连续开环成Z肉桂酰胺,从而在原位生成一个导向基团,并通过构象自由度允许横向定向的远程金属化以进行闭环反应,得到芳基2-萘酚,收率好至极好。可以将这些转换组合起来,以提供更有效的单锅法。对远端横向金属化步骤的机械洞察力,证明了对Z的要求描述了肉桂酰胺。还报道了该方法在高度取代的3,3'-二芳基BINOL配体合成中的应用。
[EN] CYCLIC PEROXIDE OXIDATION OF AROMATIC COMPOUND PRODUCTION AND USE THEREOF<br/>[FR] OXYDATION DE PEROXYDE CYCLIQUE DE PRODUCTION DE COMPOSÉ AROMATIQUE ET SON UTILISATION
申请人:UNIV TEXAS
公开号:WO2014158209A1
公开(公告)日:2014-10-02
The present invention provides a method for converting an aromatic hydrocarbon to a phenol by providing an aromatic hydrocarbon comprising one or more aromatic C-H bonds and one or more activated C-H bonds in a solvent; adding a phthaloyl peroxide to the solvent; converting the phthaloyl peroxide to a di-radical; contacting the di-radical with the one or more aromatic C-H bonds; oxidizing selectively one of the one or more aromatic C-H bonds in preference to the one or more activated C-H bonds; adding a hydroxyl group to the one of the one or more aromatic C-H bonds to form one or more phenols; and purifying the one or more phenols.