对硝基间甲酚是一种针状或柱状的黄色晶体。它遇空气和光照都不变色,并且极易溶于乙醇、乙醚、氯仿和苯,但难溶于冷水。
用途对硝基间甲酚(3-甲基-4-硝基苯酚,简称4-硝)用作医药中间体。它是有机磷杀虫剂杀螟硫磷的中间体,并且用途广泛,主要用于制造农药杀螟松——一种高效、低毒、低残留的优良有机磷杀虫剂。
生产方法对硝基间甲酚的制备方法主要有两种:亚硝化氧化法和一步硝化法。其中,工业上更常采用亚硝化氧化法。
亚硝化氧化法
将间甲酚与15%盐酸、亚硝酸钠、氢氧化钠在0±3℃下反应,制得亚硝基化合物,然后在38%硝酸中于40±2℃进行氧化。产率可达87%。
一步硝化法
将间甲酚滴加到-5~0℃的20%硝酸和40%亚硝酸钠溶液中,搅拌10分钟后升温至30℃并保温2小时,产率可达到99%。此外还有一种称为羟基保护硝化的方法。
在亚硝化釜中加入预先配制好的稀硝酸,在强搅拌及低温条件下滴加间甲酚和亚硝酸钠混合液,反应后保持低温一定时间,随后将物料转入氧化釜内缓缓升温进行氧化。使用Na₂CO₃溶液吸收大量释放的NOₓ气体。当氧化釜温度升至47℃时,NOₓ几乎完全释放完毕,并降温到25℃以下放入离心机分离,得到粗品4-硝。经计量分析后加入精制釜中,在甲苯中溶解并低温结晶,再在防爆离心机中进行分离,即可得到纯净的4-硝基间甲酚。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 分子量 |
---|---|---|---|---|
3-甲基-4-硝基苯甲醚 | 5-methoxy-2-nitrotoluene | 5367-32-8 | C8H9NO3 | 167.164 |
4-亚硝基间甲酚 | 3-methyl-4-nitroso-phenol | 615-01-0 | C7H7NO2 | 137.138 |
—— | 3-Methyl-4-nitrosoanisole | 69745-35-3 | C8H9NO2 | 151.165 |
杀螟硫磷 | MEP | 122-14-5 | C9H12NO5PS | 277.238 |
杀螟硫磷 | fenitrooxon | 2255-17-6 | C9H12NO6P | 261.171 |
3-甲基-4-硝基苯胺 | 4-nitro-3-methylaniline | 611-05-2 | C7H8N2O2 | 152.153 |
4-氨基-3-甲基苯酚 | 4-amino-3-methylphenol | 2835-99-6 | C7H9NO | 123.155 |
—— | methyl(3-methyl-4-nitrophenyl)sulfane | 308814-40-6 | C8H9NO2S | 183.231 |
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 分子量 |
---|---|---|---|---|
3-甲基-4-硝基苯甲醚 | 5-methoxy-2-nitrotoluene | 5367-32-8 | C8H9NO3 | 167.164 |
—— | 4-ethoxy-2-methyl-1-nitrobenzene | 52177-06-7 | C9H11NO3 | 181.191 |
2-硝基-5-苯氧基甲苯 | 2-methyl-1-nitro-4-phenoxybenzene | 112880-83-8 | C13H11NO3 | 229.235 |
—— | 2-(3-methyl-4-nitrophenoxy)ethanol | 103790-49-4 | C9H11NO4 | 197.191 |
—— | 2-methyl-4-propoxy-1-nitrobenzene | 52177-07-8 | C10H13NO3 | 195.218 |
—— | β-Brom-3-methyl-4-nitrophenetol | 31066-19-0 | C9H10BrNO3 | 260.087 |
4-(二氟甲氧基)-2-甲基-1-硝基苯 | 4-(difluoromethoxy)-2-methyl-1-nitrobenzene | 795303-16-1 | C8H7F2NO3 | 203.145 |
—— | 4-isopropoxy-2-methyl-1-nitrobenzene | 52177-08-9 | C10H13NO3 | 195.218 |
—— | 4-(2-fluoroethoxy)-2-methyl-1-nitrobenzene | 132837-96-8 | C9H10FNO3 | 199.182 |
苯,2-甲基-1-硝基-4-(2-丙烯氧基)- | 4-(allyloxy)-2-methyl-1-nitrobenzene | 120106-18-5 | C10H11NO3 | 193.202 |
—— | 5-(Methoxymethoxy)-2-nitrotoluene | 319452-65-8 | C9H11NO4 | 197.191 |
—— | 4-(2-chloroethoxy)-2-methyl-1-nitrobenzene | —— | C9H10ClNO3 | 215.636 |
—— | 1,2-bis-(4-nitro-3-methylphenoxy)-ethane | 106780-73-8 | C16H16N2O6 | 332.313 |
—— | bis(3-methyl-4-nitrophenoxy)methane | —— | C15H14N2O6 | 318.286 |
—— | 4-butoxy-2-methyl-1-nitrobenzene | —— | C11H15NO3 | 209.245 |
4-(2-甲氧基-乙氧基)-2-甲基-1-硝基-苯 | 4-(2-Methoxyethoxy)-2-methyl-1-nitrobenzene | 1026179-29-2 | C10H13NO4 | 211.218 |
—— | 4-[2H3]-methoxy-2-methyl-1-nitrobenzene | 947155-27-3 | C8H9NO3 | 170.141 |
3-(3-甲基-4-硝基苯氧基)丙烷-1-胺 | 3-(3-methyl-4-nitrophenoxy)propylamine | 874889-39-1 | C10H14N2O3 | 210.233 |
2-甲基-4-(3-甲基-丁氧基)-1-硝基-苯 | 2-Methyl-4-(3-methylbutoxy)-1-nitrobenzene | 1027460-63-4 | C12H17NO3 | 223.272 |
—— | 5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-1H-indole-3-carboxylic acid | 157060-87-2 | C9H8F3NO3 | 235.163 |
—— | 2-methyl-4-[(3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl)oxy]-1-nitrobenzene | 954409-40-6 | C12H15NO3 | 221.256 |
二甲基-[2-(3-甲基-4-硝基-苯氧基)-乙基]-胺 | N,N-dimethyl-2-(3-methyl-4-nitrophenoxy)ethan-1-amine | 1004008-86-9 | C11H16N2O3 | 224.26 |
—— | 4-(cyclopropoxy)-2-methyl-1-nitrobenzene | —— | C10H11NO3 | 193.202 |
—— | 3-methyl-4-nitrophenyl acetate | 79139-40-5 | C9H9NO4 | 195.175 |
—— | N,N-dimethyl-3-(3-methyl-4-nitrophenoxy)propan-1-amine | 2287-13-0 | C12H18N2O3 | 238.287 |
5-苄氧基-2-硝基甲苯 | 5-benzyloxy-2-nitrotoluene | 22424-58-4 | C14H13NO3 | 243.262 |
—— | 4-[(6-Bromohexyl)oxy]-2-methyl-1-nitrobenzene | 88159-78-8 | C13H18BrNO3 | 316.195 |
—— | 2-Methyl-1-nitro-4-[oxido(diphenoxy)phosphaniumyl]oxybenzene | 176842-49-2 | C19H16NO6P | 385.313 |
—— | 2-(5-hydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)acetaldehyde | 705961-40-6 | C8H7NO4 | 181.148 |
2-氯-5-甲基-4-硝基苯酚 | 2-chloro-5-methyl-4-nitro-phenol | 40130-97-0 | C7H6ClNO3 | 187.583 |
—— | (S)-glycidyl 3-methyl-4-nitrophenyl ether | 250778-99-5 | C10H11NO4 | 209.202 |
—— | (2R)-2-[(3-methyl-4-nitrophenoxy)methyl]oxirane | —— | C10H11NO4 | 209.202 |
3-甲基-4-硝基苯基N-甲基氨基甲酸酯 | 3-methyl-4-nitrophenyl N-methylcarbamate | 13095-87-9 | C9H10N2O4 | 210.189 |
—— | 2-Nitro-5-(2-phenylethoxy)-toluene | 164645-59-4 | C15H15NO3 | 257.289 |
2-溴-5-甲基-4-硝基苯酚 | 2-bromo-5-methyl-4-nitrophenol | 14401-60-6 | C7H6BrNO3 | 232.034 |
—— | N-[3-(3-methyl-4-nitrophenoxy)propyl]urea | 329945-98-4 | C11H15N3O4 | 253.258 |
—— | 4-(cyclopentyloxy)-2-methyl-1-nitrobenzene | —— | C12H15NO3 | 221.256 |
—— | O-methyl O,O-bis(3-methyl-4-nitro)phenyl phosphate | 4901-44-4 | C15H15N2O8P | 382.266 |
—— | O-(3-methyl-4-nitrophenyl)dimethylcarbamothioate | 83086-54-8 | C10H12N2O3S | 240.283 |
—— | 2-methyl-1-nitro-4-[2-(phenylmethoxy)ethoxy]benzene | 193358-15-5 | C16H17NO4 | 287.315 |
—— | 3-(3-methyl-4-nitrophenoxy)propane-1-sulfonamide | 675139-71-6 | C10H14N2O5S | 274.298 |
—— | 3-(3-methyl-4-nitrophenoxy)propane-1-sulfonyl chloride | 675139-70-5 | C10H12ClNO5S | 293.728 |
—— | (3-methyl-4-nitrophenyl) N,N-dimethylcarbamate | 4855-70-3 | C10H12N2O4 | 224.216 |
4-[2-(3-甲基-4-硝基-苯氧基)-乙基]-吗啉 | 4-[2-(3-methyl-4-nitro-phenoxy)-ethyl]-morpholine | 1003805-13-7 | C13H18N2O4 | 266.297 |
—— | 4-[(4-fluorobenzyl)oxy]-2-methyl-1-nitrobenzene | 1202160-58-4 | C14H12FNO3 | 261.253 |
—— | N,N-dimethyl-2-(3-methyl-4-nitrophenoxy)acetamide | 1026735-56-7 | C11H14N2O4 | 238.243 |
1-甲基-4-[2-(3-甲基-4-硝基苯氧基)乙基]哌嗪 | 1-methyl-4-[2-(3-methyl-4-nitrophenoxy)ethyl]piperazine | 1003805-16-0 | C14H21N3O3 | 279.339 |
—— | isopropyl 3-methyl-4-nitrophenoxyacetate | —— | C12H15NO5 | 253.255 |
—— | 2-[(3-methyl-4-nitrophenoxy)methyl]pyrimidine | —— | C12H11N3O3 | 245.238 |
—— | 4-(3-(3-methyl-4-nitrophenoxy)propyl)morpholine | 329942-15-6 | C14H20N2O4 | 280.324 |
2-溴-3-甲基-4-硝基苯酚 | 2-bromo-3-methyl-4-nitrophenol | 123874-20-4 | C7H6BrNO3 | 232.034 |
—— | 2-Chlor-3-methyl-4-nitrophenol | 88062-27-5 | C7H6ClNO3 | 187.583 |
—— | (3-methyl-4-nitrophenoxy)-acetic acid t-butyl ester | —— | C13H17NO5 | 267.282 |
—— | (2S)-3-methyl-1-[(3-methyl-4-nitrophenyl)oxy]-2,3-butanediol | 954409-36-0 | C12H17NO5 | 255.271 |
3-甲基-2,4-二硝基苯酚 | 3-methyl-2,4-dinitrophenol | 1817-66-9 | C7H6N2O5 | 198.135 |
杀螟硫磷 | MEP | 122-14-5 | C9H12NO5PS | 277.238 |
—— | 4-methoxy-trans-2-[β-(dimethylamino)vinyl]-nitrobenzene | 32989-62-1 | C11H14N2O3 | 222.244 |
—— | (3-methyl-4-nitrophenyl) N,N-diethylcarbamate | 135983-09-4 | C12H16N2O4 | 252.27 |
—— | 5-methyl-4-nitro-2-(2-propenyl)phenol | 140427-28-7 | C10H11NO3 | 193.202 |
—— | 6-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3-nitrobenzaldehyde | 133285-23-1 | C8H7NO4 | 181.148 |
4-(3-甲基-4-硝基苯氧基)吡啶-2-基胺 | 4-(3-methyl-4-nitrophenoxy)pyridin-2-ylamine | 864245-22-7 | C12H11N3O3 | 245.238 |
3-甲基-4-硝基苯基苯甲酸酯 | 3-Methyl-4-nitrophenyl benzoate | 1027314-82-4 | C14H11NO4 | 257.246 |
2-叔丁基-5-甲基-4-硝基苯酚 | 2-(tert-butyl)-5-methyl-4-nitrophenol | 72373-70-7 | C11H15NO3 | 209.245 |
—— | 2,2-dimethyl-3-{[(3-methyl-4-nitrophenyl)oxy]methyl}oxirane | 954409-42-8 | C12H15NO4 | 237.255 |
2-溴-5-甲基-4-硝基苯甲醚 | 1-bromo-2-methoxy-4-methyl-5-nitrobenzene | 861076-28-0 | C8H8BrNO3 | 246.06 |
O-甲基 O,O-二(3-甲基-4-硝基苯基)硫代磷酸酯 | O-methyl O,O-bis(3-methyl-4-nitro)phenyl phosphorothioate | 4901-42-2 | C15H15N2O7PS | 398.333 |
—— | 4-nitro-3-methylphenyl triflate | 256936-08-0 | C8H6F3NO5S | 285.201 |
5-溴-2-硝基甲苯 | 5-bromo-2-nitrotoluene | 52414-98-9 | C7H6BrNO2 | 216.034 |
2,6-二氯-3-甲基-4-硝基-苯酚 | 2,6-dichloro-3-methyl-4-nitrophenol | 37693-15-5 | C7H5Cl2NO3 | 222.028 |
2,6-二溴-3-甲基-4-硝基酚 | 2,6-dibromo-3-methyl-4-nitro-phenol | 14401-03-7 | C7H5Br2NO3 | 310.93 |
4-氨基-3-甲基苯酚 | 4-amino-3-methylphenol | 2835-99-6 | C7H9NO | 123.155 |
—— | 2-methyl-4-[2-(2-pyridinyl)ethoxy]-1-nitrobenzene | —— | C14H14N2O3 | 258.277 |
—— | trans-1-<2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethenyl>-5-phenoxy-2-nitrobenzene | 157060-89-4 | C16H16N2O3 | 284.315 |
(5-甲氧基-2-硝基-苯基)-乙酸 | (5-methoxy-2-nitrophenyl)acetic acid | 20876-29-3 | C9H9NO5 | 211.174 |
—— | 9-[3-(3-methyl-4-nitrophenoxy)propyl]anthracene | 556809-42-8 | C24H21NO3 | 371.436 |
—— | 4-(2-chloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethoxy)-2-methyl-1-nitrobenzene | 251981-49-4 | C9H7ClF3NO3 | 269.608 |
3-甲基-4-硝基苯硫醇 | 3-methyl-4-nitrothiophenol | 53827-87-5 | C7H7NO2S | 169.204 |
—— | 2-bromo-1-methoxy-3-methyl-4-nitrobenzene | 1196875-90-7 | C8H8BrNO3 | 246.06 |
[5-(苄氧基)-2-硝基苯基]乙醛 | (5-benzyloxy-2-nitrophenyl)-acetaldehyde | 705961-42-8 | C15H13NO4 | 271.273 |
—— | 2-(3-Methyl-4-nitrophenoxy)-5-nitrobenzonitrile | 1079042-90-2 | C14H9N3O5 | 299.243 |
—— | [2-(5-[2H3]methoxy-2-nitrophenyl)vinyl]dimethylamine | —— | C11H14N2O3 | 225.22 |
苯酚,3-甲基-4-硝基-2-(2-丙烯基)- | 3-methyl-4-nitro-2-(2-propenyl)phenol | 140427-27-6 | C10H11NO3 | 193.202 |
5-甲氧基-2-硝基苯甲酸 | 5-methoxy-2-nitro-benzoic acid | 1882-69-5 | C8H7NO5 | 197.147 |
—— | O-(3-methyl-4-nitrophenyl) ethylthiophosphonochloridate | —— | C9H11ClNO4PS | 295.683 |
—— | trans-1-<2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethenyl>-2-nitro-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)benzene | —— | C12H13F3N2O3 | 290.242 |
1-(2-羟基-4-甲基-5-硝基苯基)乙酮 | 1-(2-Hydroxy-4-methyl-5-nitrophenyl)ethanone | 103440-91-1 | C9H9NO4 | 195.175 |
—— | trans-5-benzyloxy-β-(dimethylamino)-2-nitrostyrene | 32991-04-1 | C17H18N2O3 | 298.342 |
—— | Benzene, 2-chloro-1-(3-methyl-4-nitrophenoxy)-4-(trifluoromethyl)- | 42874-15-7 | C14H9ClF3NO3 | 331.679 |
—— | 2-(5-isopropoxy-2-nitrophenyl)acetic acid | —— | C11H13NO5 | 239.228 |
—— | 2-(5-(2-fluoroethoxy)-2-nitrophenyl)acetic acid | 1416818-70-6 | C10H10FNO5 | 243.192 |
—— | 4-azido-2-methyl-1-nitrobenzene | —— | C7H6N4O2 | 178.15 |
2-甲基-4-甲氧基苯胺 | 2-methyl-4-methoxyaniline | 102-50-1 | C8H11NO | 137.181 |
—— | 5-[(3-methyl-4-nitrophenoxy)methyl]-2-furancarbaldehyde | 438220-91-8 | C13H11NO5 | 261.234 |
—— | 2-chloro-4-(3-methyl-4-nitro-phenoxy)-pyrimidine | 853299-13-5 | C11H8ClN3O3 | 265.656 |
—— | p-nitro-m-methylphenyl benzenesulfonate | 129976-46-1 | C13H11NO5S | 293.3 |
—— | 1,7-Bis[4-(3-methyl-4-nitrophenoxy)butyl]-1,1,3,3,5,5,7,7-octamethyltetrasiloxane | 1202457-51-9 | C30H52N2O9Si4 | 697.093 |