生物活性
20(R)- Ginsenoside Rg3(20(R)-Propanaxadiol)是人参根中的一种活性化合物,具有有效的血管抑制活性和抗肿瘤活性。
化学性质
这是一种白色粉末,可溶于甲醇、乙醇、DMSO等有机溶剂,并来源于人参。
用途
广泛用于含量测定、鉴定以及药理实验等。药理作用包括抗癌、提高免疫功能及调节神经系统。
(20R)- 人参皂苷 Rg3 是一种四环三萜皂苷,同样具有显著的抗癌活性。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 分子量 |
---|---|---|---|---|
人参皂苷Rd | ginsenoside Rd | 52705-93-8 | C48H82O18 | 947.168 |
人参皂甙 | Ginsenoside Rb1 | 41753-43-9 | C54H92O23 | 1109.31 |
—— | ginsenoside Rb1 | 132929-86-3 | C54H92O23 | 1109.31 |
—— | 20(R)-ginsenoside Rh2 | —— | C36H62O8 | 622.883 |
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 分子量 |
---|---|---|---|---|
(20s)人参皂苷 Rg3 | ginsenoside Rg3 | 14197-60-5 | C42H72O13 | 785.026 |
—— | 20(R)-ginsenoside Rh2 | —— | C36H62O8 | 622.883 |
—— | ginsenoside Rg5 | 74964-14-0 | C42H70O12 | 767.011 |
Ginsenosides have been reported to possess various pharmacological effects, including anticancer effects. Nevertheless, there are few reports about the antitumor activity and mechanisms of ginsenoside Rg5 against breast cancer cells. In the present study, the major ginsenoside Rb1 was transformed into the rare ginsenoside Rg5 through enzymatic bioconversion and successive acid-assisted high temperature and pressure processing. Ginsenosides Rb1, Rg3, and Rg5 were investigated for their antitumor effects against five human cancer cell lines via the MTT assay. Among them, Rg5 exhibited the greatest cytotoxicity against breast cancer. Moreover, Rg5 remarkably suppressed breast cancer cell proliferation through mitochondria-mediated apoptosis and autophagic cell death. LC3B-GFP/Lysotracker and mRFP-EGFP-LC3B were utilized to show that Rg5 induced autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Western blot assays further illustrated that Rg5 decreased the phosphorylation levels of PI3K, Akt, mTOR, and Bad and suppressed the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in breast cancer. Moreover, Rg5-induced apoptosis and autophagy could be dramatically strengthened by the PI3K/Akt inhibitor LY294002. Finally, a molecular docking study demonstrated that Rg5 could bind to the active pocket of PI3K. Collectively, our results revealed that Rg5 could be a potential therapeutic agent for breast cancer treatment.