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geranylgeranyl diphosphate

中文名称
——
中文别名
——
英文名称
geranylgeranyl diphosphate
英文别名
GGPP;geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate;(2E,6E,10E)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadeca-2,6,10,14-tetraen-1-yl diphosphate;[oxido-[(2E,6E,10E)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadeca-2,6,10,14-tetraenoxy]phosphoryl] phosphate
geranylgeranyl diphosphate化学式
CAS
——
化学式
C20H33O7P2
mdl
——
分子量
447.425
InChiKey
OINNEUNVOZHBOX-QIRCYJPOSA-K
BEILSTEIN
——
EINECS
——
  • 物化性质
  • 计算性质
  • ADMET
  • 安全信息
  • SDS
  • 制备方法与用途
  • 上下游信息
  • 反应信息
  • 文献信息
  • 表征谱图
  • 同类化合物
  • 相关功能分类
  • 相关结构分类

计算性质

  • 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP):
    4.2
  • 重原子数:
    29
  • 可旋转键数:
    13
  • 环数:
    0.0
  • sp3杂化的碳原子比例:
    0.6
  • 拓扑面积:
    122
  • 氢给体数:
    0
  • 氢受体数:
    7

反应信息

  • 作为反应物:
    描述:
    geranylgeranyl diphosphate 在 chryseobacterium polytrichastri chryseodiene synthase 、 甘油 、 magnesium chloride 作用下, 以 aq. buffer 为溶剂, 以8%的产率得到(3S,3aS,9R,10aR,Z)-3-isopropyl-6,9,10a-trimethyl-1,2,3,3a,4,7,8,9,10,10a-decahydrodicyclopenta[a,d][12]annulene
    参考文献:
    名称:
    来自金黄杆菌的两种二萜合酶:Chryseodiene Synthase 和 Wanjudiene Synthase。
    摘要:
    表征了来自金黄杆菌的两种细菌二萜合酶 (DTS) 。第一种酶产生的新化合物 chryseodiene 与已知的来自真菌的 Fusicoccane 二萜非常相似,但其实验和计算研究的环化机制与 Fusicoccadiene 合酶的机制根本不同。除了最近从Allokutzneria albata 中发现的bonnadiene对映异构体的痕迹外,第二种酶还产生了 wanjudiene,一种具有新骨架的二萜烃。
    DOI:
    10.1002/anie.202004691
  • 作为产物:
    参考文献:
    名称:
    Identification of CDP-Archaeol Synthase, a Missing Link of Ether Lipid Biosynthesis in Archaea
    摘要:
    Archaeal membrane lipid composition is distinct from Bacteria and Eukarya, consisting of isoprenoid chains etherified to the glycerol carbons. Biosynthesis of these lipids is poorly understood. Here we identify and characterize the archaeal membrane protein CDP-archaeol synthase (CarS) that catalyzes the transfer of the nucleotide to its specific archaeal lipid substrate, leading to the formation of a CDP-activated precursor (CDP-archaeol) to which polar head groups are attached. The discovery of CarS enabled reconstitution of the entire archaeal lipid biosynthesis pathway in vitro, starting from simple isoprenoid building blocks and using a set of five purified enzymes. The cell free synthetic strategy for archaeal lipids we describe opens opportunity for studies of archaeal lipid biochemistry. Additionally, insights into archaeal lipid biosynthesis reported here allow addressing the evolutionary hypothesis of the lipid divide between Archaea and Bacteria.
    DOI:
    10.1016/j.chembiol.2014.07.022
  • 作为试剂:
    参考文献:
    名称:
    Terpene Synthases and Methods of Using the Same
    摘要:
    本文揭示了来自墨西哥卷柏(Selaginella moellendorffii)的分离核酸分子,其编码至少与序列编号为SEQ ID NOs: 1-47或其变异体或其功能片段编码的萜类合成酶蛋白80%相同。此外,还揭示了来自S. moellendorffii的分离萜类合成酶蛋白。此外,还揭示了转化了S. moellendorffii萜类合成酶核酸的宿主细胞,例如单细胞生物(如细菌和酵母)或多细胞生物(如植物)。宿主细胞可以是原核细胞或真核细胞。此外,还揭示了转基因植物或其任何部分,其稳定转化了S. moellendorffii萜类合成酶核酸。在某些实例中,转基因植物是双子叶植物或单子叶植物。本文还揭示了一种生产转基因植物的方法,以及一种生产萜类化合物的方法。
    公开号:
    US20140030784A1
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文献信息

  • Mechanism of Abietadiene Synthase Catalysis:  Stereochemistry and Stabilization of the Cryptic Pimarenyl Carbocation Intermediates
    作者:Matthew M. Ravn、Reuben J. Peters、Robert M. Coates、Rodney Croteau
    DOI:10.1021/ja017734b
    日期:2002.6.1
    carbocation/OPP anion stabilization of the secondary sandaracopimaren-15-yl(+) ion. The failure of 8 beta-hydroxy-17-nor CPP (19b) to undergo enzymatic cyclization was taken as evidence that 9 is bound with a "coplanar" side chain conformation and that the S(N)' cyclization occurs on the 17 alpha face. The routing of the sandarcopimara-15-en-8-yl carbocation toward various diterpenes in biogenetic schemes
    松香二烯合酶 (AS) 催化 (E,E,E)-香叶基香叶基二磷酸 (8, GGPP) 复杂的环化重排形成松香二烯 (1a)、双键异构体 2a-4a 和海蜇二烯 5a-7a 的混合物针叶树油树脂的松香烷树脂酸成分 (1b-4b) 的生物合成步骤。反应通过中间体二磷酸共苯酯 (9) 在两个活性位点进行。在第二个位点中,形成了未定义的 C13 立体化学和环状双键位置的推定三环海茚二烯或芴基(+)碳阳离子中间体。合成了 9 的三种 8-oxy-17-nor 类似物(17 和 19a,b)和三种异构体 15,16-双去甲蒎烯基-N-甲胺(26a-c)作为替代底物和/或抑制剂用于重组 AS大冷杉。8 α-羟基-17-nor CPP (19a) 到 17-normanoyl 氧化物 (20a) 的立体有择环化和去甲芘胺 26a 的更高抑制效力 (K(i) = 0.1 nM) 都表明具有 13 β甲基构型和
  • Mechanisms of the Diterpene Cyclases β-Pinacene Synthase from<i>Dictyostelium discoideum</i>and Hydropyrene Synthase from<i>Streptomyces clavuligerus</i>
    作者:Jan Rinkel、Patrick Rabe、Xinlu Chen、Tobias G. Köllner、Feng Chen、Jeroen S. Dickschat
    DOI:10.1002/chem.201702704
    日期:2017.8.4
    Two diterpene cyclases, one from the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum and the other from the bacterium Streptomyces clavuligerus, with products containing a Z‐configured double bond between the original C2 and C3 of geranylgeranyl diphosphate, were extensively investigated for their mechanisms through isotopic labelling experiments. The participation of geranyllinalyl diphosphate, in analogy
    两种双萜环化酶,一种来自社交变形虫盘基网柄菌,另一种来自细菌链霉菌,其产物在二磷酸香叶基香叶基二磷酸的原始C2和C3之间含有Z构型的双键,通过同位素标记实验对其机理进行了广泛研究。讨论了草甘膦基二磷酸二酯的参与,类似于芳基二磷酸和神经节苷脂在单萜和倍半萜生物合成中的作用,它是形成具有Z构型的C2 = C3双键的二萜的中间体。
  • Mechanistic Investigations of Two Bacterial Diterpene Cyclases: Spiroviolene Synthase and Tsukubadiene Synthase
    作者:Patrick Rabe、Jan Rinkel、Etilia Dolja、Thomas Schmitz、Britta Nubbemeyer、T. Hoang Luu、Jeroen S. Dickschat
    DOI:10.1002/anie.201612439
    日期:2017.3.1
    two diterpene cyclases from streptomycetes—one with an unknown product that was identified as the spirocyclic hydrocarbon spiroviolene and one with the known product tsukubadiene—were investigated in detail by isotope labeling experiments. Although the structures of the products were very different, the cyclization mechanisms of both enzymes proceed through the same initial cyclization reactions, before
    通过同位素标记实验详细研究了链霉菌中的两种二萜环化酶的机理,一种是未知产物,被鉴定为螺环烃螺环戊烯,另一种是已知的tsukubadiene。尽管产物的结构非常不同,但是两种酶的环化机理都是通过相同的初始环化反应进行的,然后才趋向于各个产物,这反映在酶的密切系统发育关系中。
  • Biosynthetic Gene-Based Secondary Metabolite Screening: A New Diterpene, Methyl Phomopsenonate, from the Fungus <i>Phomopsis amygdali</i>
    作者:Tomonobu Toyomasu、Akane Kaneko、Tetsuo Tokiwano、Yuya Kanno、Yuri Kanno、Rie Niida、Shigeyoshi Miura、Taiki Nishioka、Chiho Ikeda、Wataru Mitsuhashi、Tohru Dairi、Tomikazu Kawano、Hideaki Oikawa、Nobuo Kato、Takeshi Sassa
    DOI:10.1021/jo802319e
    日期:2009.2.20
    of gene clusters for diterpene biosynthesis. We demonstrated identification of a diterpene gene cluster using homology-based PCR of GGS genes and the subsequent genome walking in the fungus Phomopsis amygdali N2. Structure determination of a novel diterpene hydrocarbon phomopsene provided by enzymatic synthesis with the recombinant terpene synthase PaPS and screening of fungal broth extracts with reference
    geranylgeranyl二磷酸合酶(GGS)基因的存在是二萜生物合成的基因簇的共同特征。我们证明了使用基于同源性的GGS基因PCR和随后的基因组在真菌扁桃体N2中行走的二萜基因簇的鉴定。通过重组萜烯合酶PaPS的酶促合成提供的新型二萜碳氢化合物红磷烯的结构测定,以及参照磷烯的特征NMR信号筛选真菌肉汤提取物,使我们能够分离出新的双萜,磷甲基膦酸甲酯。关于真菌基因组数据,讨论了未鉴定的二萜基于基因的筛选的多功能性。
  • Functional Analysis of Two Solanesyl Diphosphate Synthases from<i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>
    作者:Kazutake HIROOKA、Yoshikazu IZUMI、Chung-Il AN、Yoshihisa NAKAZAWA、Ei-ichiro FUKUSAKI、Akio KOBAYASHI
    DOI:10.1271/bbb.69.592
    日期:2005.1
    Solanesyl diphosphate (SPP) is regarded as the precursor of the side-chains of both plastoquinone and ubiquinone in Arabidopsis thaliana. We previously analyzed A. thaliana SPP synthase (At-SPS1) (Hirooka et al., Biochem. J., 370, 679–686 (2003)). In this study, we cloned a second SPP synthase (At-SPS2) gene from A. thaliana and characterized the recombinant protein. Kinetic analysis indicated that At-SPS2 prefers geranylgeranyl diphosphate to farnesyl diphosphate as the allylic substrate. Several of its features, including the substrate preference, were similar to those of At-SPS1. These data indicate that At-SPS1 and At-SPS2 share their basic catalytic machinery. Moreover, analysis of the subcellular localization by the transient expression of green fluorescent protein-fusion proteins showed that At-SPS2 is transported into chloroplasts, whereas At-SPS1 is likely to be localized in the endoplasmic reticulum in the A. thaliana cells. It is known that the ubiquinone side-chain originates from isopentenyl diphosphate derived from the cytosolic mevalonate pathway, while the plastoquinone side-chain is synthesized from isopentenyl diphosphate derived from the plastidial methylerythritol phosphate pathway. Based on this information, we propose that At-SPS1 contributes to the biosynthesis of the ubiquinone side-chain and that At-SPS2 supplies the precursor of the plastoquinone side-chain in A. thaliana.
    在拟南芥中,二磷酸壬酯(SPP)被认为是质醌和泛醌侧链的前体。我们之前分析了拟南芥的 SPP 合成酶(At-SPS1)(Hirooka 等,Biochem.J., 370, 679-686 (2003)).在本研究中,我们从大连蛙中克隆了第二个 SPP 合成酶(At-SPS2)基因,并对重组蛋白进行了表征。动力学分析表明,At-SPS2 更倾向于选择香叶基二磷酸而不是法呢基二磷酸作为烯丙基底物。包括底物偏好在内的一些特征与 At-SPS1 相似。这些数据表明,At-SPS1 和 At-SPS2 共享其基本催化机制。此外,通过瞬时表达绿色荧光蛋白融合蛋白对其亚细胞定位的分析表明,At-SPS2 被转运到叶绿体中,而 At-SPS1 则很可能被定位在大滨菊细胞的内质网中。众所周知,泛醌侧链来自细胞质甲羟戊酸途径产生的二磷酸异戊烯酯,而质醌侧链则由质体磷酸甲基赤藓糖醇途径产生的二磷酸异戊烯酯合成。基于这些信息,我们认为 At-SPS1 参与了泛醌侧链的生物合成,而 At-SPS2 则提供了质醌侧链的前体。
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同类化合物

(5β,6α,8α,10α,13α)-6-羟基-15-氧代黄-9(11),16-二烯-18-油酸 (3S,3aR,8aR)-3,8a-二羟基-5-异丙基-3,8-二甲基-2,3,3a,4,5,8a-六氢-1H-天青-6-酮 (2Z)-2-(羟甲基)丁-2-烯酸乙酯 (2S,4aR,6aR,7R,9S,10aS,10bR)-甲基9-(苯甲酰氧基)-2-(呋喃-3-基)-十二烷基-6a,10b-二甲基-4,10-dioxo-1H-苯并[f]异亚甲基-7-羧酸盐 (+)顺式,反式-脱落酸-d6 龙舌兰皂苷乙酯 龙脑香醇酮 龙脑烯醛 龙脑7-O-[Β-D-呋喃芹菜糖基-(1→6)]-Β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷 龙牙楤木皂甙VII 龙吉甙元 齿孔醇 齐墩果醛 齐墩果酸苄酯 齐墩果酸甲酯 齐墩果酸乙酯 齐墩果酸3-O-alpha-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1-3)-beta-D-吡喃木糖基(1-3)-alpha-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1-2)-alpha-L-阿拉伯糖吡喃糖苷 齐墩果酸 beta-D-葡萄糖酯 齐墩果酸 beta-D-吡喃葡萄糖基酯 齐墩果酸 3-乙酸酯 齐墩果酸 3-O-beta-D-葡吡喃糖基 (1→2)-alpha-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷 齐墩果酸 齐墩果-12-烯-3b,6b-二醇 齐墩果-12-烯-3,24-二醇 齐墩果-12-烯-3,21,23-三醇,(3b,4b,21a)-(9CI) 齐墩果-12-烯-3,11-二酮 齐墩果-12-烯-2α,3β,28-三醇 齐墩果-12-烯-29-酸,3,22-二羟基-11-羰基-,g-内酯,(3b,20b,22b)- 齐墩果-12-烯-28-酸,3-[(6-脱氧-4-O-b-D-吡喃木糖基-a-L-吡喃鼠李糖基)氧代]-,(3b)-(9CI) 鼠特灵 鼠尾草酸醌 鼠尾草酸 鼠尾草酚酮 鼠尾草苦内脂 黑蚁素 黑蔓醇酯B 黑蔓醇酯A 黑蔓酮酯D 黑海常春藤皂苷A1 黑檀醇 黑果茜草萜 B 黑五味子酸 黏黴酮 黏帚霉酸 黄黄质 黄钟花醌 黄质醛 黄褐毛忍冬皂苷A 黄蝉花素 黄蝉花定