When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.
解离常数:
pKa1 = 7.1; pka2 = 8.0 (est)
计算性质
辛醇/水分配系数(LogP):
3.2
重原子数:
16
可旋转键数:
2
环数:
2.0
sp3杂化的碳原子比例:
0.0
拓扑面积:
57.5
氢给体数:
2
氢受体数:
3
ADMET
代谢
2-羟基-4-甲氧基苯甲酮(HMB)在大鼠离体肝细胞中的代谢和细胞毒性,以及HMB及其代谢物在MCF-7人类乳腺癌细胞中的拟雌激素活性,以及雌激素受体竞争性结合试验,分别进行了研究。用HMB培养肝细胞导致细胞活力浓度和时间依赖性下降,伴有细胞内ATP和腺苷酸池的丢失。在肝细胞悬浮液中低毒性水平(0.25 mM)的HMB被酶促转化为2,4-二羟基苯甲酮(DHB)和一个羟基化中间体,该中间体通过质谱联用HPLC暂时鉴定为2,2'-二羟基-4-甲氧基苯甲酮(DHMB)的同分异构体。此外,母体化合物和两个中间体迅速与葡萄糖醛酸结合,而未结合的DHMB和2,3,4-三羟基苯甲酮(THB)被鉴定为微量中间体。在另一实验中,DHB和THB以浓度依赖性方式竞争性地取代了与重组人雌激素受体α结合的17β-雌二醇:已知的拟雌激素化合物DES和BPA,以及DHB和THB的IC50分别约为1 x 10(-8),1 x 10(-5),5 x 10(-5)和5 x 10(-4) M。此外,DHB在10(-8)至10(-6) M的浓度下以浓度依赖性方式导致MCF-7细胞增殖。DHMB和THB在10(-7)和10(-6) M时也引起细胞数量轻微增加,而HMB在10(-9)至10(-4) M的浓度下对细胞增殖没有影响。根据竞争性结合的相对IC50和对MCF-7细胞增殖效应,可以得出雌激素活性的顺序为DHB>THB>DHMB。这些结果表明,一些羟基化中间体如DHB而非母体化合物通过生物转化充当了拟雌激素。
The metabolism and cytotoxicity of 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (HMB) in isolated rat hepatocytes and the xenoestrogenic activity of HMB and its metabolites in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells and an estrogen receptor competitive binding assay have been studied, respectively. The incubation of hepatocytes with HMB caused a concentration- and time-dependent decrease in cell viability, accompanied by loss of intracellular ATP and adenine nucleotide pools. HMB at a low-toxic level (0.25 mM) in the hepatocyte suspensions was converted enzymatically to 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone (DHB) and a hydroxylated intermediate, which was tentatively identified as an isomer of 2,2prime prime or minute-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (DHMB) as determined by mass spectroscopy coupled with HPLC. Furthermore, the parent compound and both intermediates were rapidly conjugated to glucuronides, whereas free unconjugated DHMB and 2,3,4-trihydroxybenzophenone (THB) were identified as trace intermediates. In another experiment, DHB and THB displaced competitively 17beta-estradiol bound to the recombinant human estrogen receptor alpha in a concentration-dependent manner: IC(50) of diethylstilbestrol and bisphenol A, which are known xenoestorogenic compounds, and DHB and THB was approximately 1 x 10(-8), 1 x 10(-5), 5 x 10(-5) and 5 x 10(-4) M, respectively. Further, DHB at concentrations from 10(-8) to 10(-6) M caused a concentration-dependent proliferation of MCF-7 cells. DHMB and THB at 10(-7) and 10(-6) M also elicited a slight increase in cell numbers, whereas HMB at concentrations from 10(-9) to 10(-4) M did not affect the cell proliferation. Based on the relative IC50 for the competitive binding and the proliferative effect on MCF-7 cells, it follows that in estrogenic potency, DHB>THB>DHMB. These results indicate that some hydroxylated intermediates such as DHB rather than the parent compound act as a xenoestrogen via biotransformation.
Sunscreens containing UV filters are recommended to reduce damage caused by solar UV radiation. Recently, benzophenone (BP)-type UV filters have become widely used as UV stabilizers in skin-moisturizing products and sunscreen lotions; however, very little information is available regarding the potential harmful effects of prolonged exposure to these compounds. Therefore, we investigated the toxicokinetics and metabolism of BP-type UV filters in rats using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). To examine the metabolism of BP-type UV filters, we analyzed the parent compounds BP and 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (HMB). In rats, BP was mainly converted to benzhydrol (BH) and 4-hydroxybenzophenone (HBP) (i.e., type A UV filters). In contrast, HMB was converted into at least three intermediates, including 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone (DHB), which was formed via o-demethylation and subsequently converted into 2,3,4-trihydroxybenzophenone (THB), and 2,2'-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (DHMB), which formed via the aromatic hydroxylation of HMB (i.e., type B UV filters). Next, the toxicokinetic curve for BP showed a peak concentration (Cmax) of 2.06+/-0.46 ug/mL at approximately 4h after BP administration. After a single oral dose of HMB, the Cmax of HMB reached 21.21+/-11.61 ug/mL within 3 hr (Tmax), and then declined rapidly compared to the kinetic curve of BP. The concentration of these metabolites in rat blood decreased much more slowly over time compared to the parent compounds. Thus, our results indicate that such metabolites might have more significant adverse effects than the parent compounds over the long term.
Benzophenone-3 (2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, BZ-3) is a UV absorber that is used extensively in medicine, cosmetics and industry as a sunscreen and color fastener. Exposure to the chemical is through the dermal and oral route. Bioavailability of the chemical absorbed through the skin is different from that seen through the oral route. The disposition of BZ-3 was investigated after dermal administration of 100 mg/kg body weight (body wt.) in Sprague-Dawley rats. Blood samples were collected at various intervals and the parent compound and its metabolites were analyzed by HPLC. Absorption was rapid as the parent compound and its metabolites were detected in plasma 5 min post-administration. The half-life (t1/2) of absorption was 3.45 hr corresponding to an absorption rate constant of 0.2 hr-1. Peak plasma concentration of 35 +/- 4.5 ug/mL (mean +/- standard error of the mean, S.E.) was attained at 2.5 hr post-administration. Disappearance from the plasma was biphasic with different half-lives (1.3 for alpha phase and 15.05 hr for beta phase), the area under the plasma concentration versus time curve was 211.1 +/- 38.2 ug/mL/hr (mean +/- S.E). There was also extensive binding of BZ-3 and its metabolites to plasma proteins. Three metabolites were identified in plasma, 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone (DHB) and 2,2'-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (DHMB) were the major metabolites detected in the plasma, while 2,3,4-trihydroxybenzophenone (THB) was detected in trace amounts. Tissue distribution studies revealed that THB was the major metabolite followed by DHB (both free and conjugated) in all tissues examined. The liver contained the highest amount followed by the kidney, spleen and testes, respectively.
When benzophenone-3 (2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone; BP-3) was incubated with liver microsomes of untreated rats in the presence of NADPH, the 5-hydroxylated metabolite, 2,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (5-OH-BP-3), was formed as a major novel metabolite of BP-3. The 4-desmethylated metabolite, 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone (2,4-diOH-BP), previously reported as the major in vivo metabolite of BP-3, was also detected. However, the amount of 5-OH-BP-3 formed in vitro was about the same as that of 2,4-diOH-BP. The oxidase activity affording 5-OH-BP-3 was inhibited by SKF 525-A and ketoconazole, and partly by quinidine and sulfaphenazole. The oxidase activity affording 2,4-diOH-BP was inhibited by SKF 525-A, ketoconazole and alpha-naphthoflavone, and partly by sulfaphenazole. The oxidase activity affording 5-OH-BP-3 was enhanced in liver microsomes of dexamethasone-, phenobarbital- and 3-methylcholanthrene-treated rats. The activity affording 2,4-diOH-BP was enhanced in liver microsomes of 3-methylcholanthrene- and phenobarbital-treated rats. When examined recombinant rat cytochrome P450 isoforms catalyzing the metabolism of BP-3, 5-hydroxylation was catalyzed by P450 3A2, 1A1, 2B1, 2C6 and 2D1, while 4-desmethylation was catalyzed by P450 2C6 and 1A1.
IDENTIFICATION AND USE: 2,4-Dihydroxybenzophenone (BP1) is a solid. It is used as an ultraviolet light absorber, especially in paints and plastics. HUMAN STUDIES: Benzophenone (BP) derivatives show anti-androgenic activity. Treatment with BP1 (10(-5) - 10(-7) M) promoted proliferation of MCF-7 breast cancer cells by regulating cell cycle-related genes. BP1 may enhance the progression of prostate cancer by regulating cell cycle and metastasis-related genes via androgen receptor signaling pathway. ANIMAL STUDIES: It was minimally irritating when applied to the intact and abraded skin of albino rabbits and slightly to moderately irritating when applied to the eyes of rabbits. BP1 fed to 40 rats at doses of 0-1.9 g/kg for 90 days produced depressed growth and liver and kidney lesions in animals at doses of 0.6 and 1.9 g/kg. BP1 is a weak estrogenic compound based on an ovariectomized rat uterotrophic assay. It was nonmutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA100, TA98, TA1535, TA1537, and TA1538. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: BP1 was estrogenic in fish and acted as pure- or partial estrogen receptor alpha agonists.
/The study objective was/ to investigate the protective effect of 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone (BP-1) on acute hepatotoxicity and neurotoxicity induced by cocaine in mice, and its possible mechanism. Male ICR mice were pretreated with BP-1 (100, 200, 400 mg/kg, ig, 4 d), cocaine (75 mg/kg) was injected 30 minutes after BP-1 administration on day 4.Twenty-four hours after the injection of cocaine, the serum activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were assayed by HITACHI-7170A automatic analyzer. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the content of reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) were examined, and the ratio of GSH/GSSG was calculated, and histopathological analyses were also made. Male ICR mice were pretreated with BP-1(100, 200, 400 mg/kg, ig, 3 d), cocaine (20 mg/kg) was injected 30 minutes after BP-1 administration on day 3.The locomotor activity during 0-180 minutes of mice was recorded individually for each animal immediately after cocaine injection. After the administration of cocaine, compared with corresponding solvent group, the activities of ALT [(1571+/-1161) IU/L vs. (30 +/-16) IU/L, P<0.05], AST [(408 +/- 226) IU/L vs. (101 +/- 12) IU/L, P<0.05] and LDH [(3963 +/- 1431) IU/L vs. (1935 +/- 287) IU/L, P<0.05] were significantly increased; the ratio of GSH/GSSG [(5.11 +/- 0.63) vs. (6.88 +/- 1.13),P<0.05] was decreased and the content of MDA [(1.97 +/- 1.36) umol/g vs. (0.07 +/- 0.06) umol/g, P<0.01] was significantly increased. With the pretreatment of BP-1, compared with cocaine treatment group, the serum ALT [(112 +/- 96 )IU/L, (54 +/- 20) IU/L, (35 +/- 15) IU/L, P<0.05],AST [(130 +/- 33) IU/L,(107 +/- 5) IU/L, (99 +/- 9) IU/L, P<0.05] and LDH [(1 667 +/- 564) IU/L, (1 507 +/- 365) IU/L, (1 249 +/- 349) IU/L, P<0.01] were significantly decreased, the ratios of GSH/GSSG [(7.33 +/- 1.84), (9.28 +/- 0.67), (10.5 +/- 1.20), P<0.05] were increased and the contents of MDA [(1.82 +/- 1.19) umol/g, (0.49 +/- 0.31) umol/g, (0.35 +/- 0.30) umol/g, P<0.05] were decreased. Significant amelioration in liver histopathology was also presented in the BP-1 treatment groups. The BP-1 pretreated mice showed significant reduction in activity counts evoked by cocaine (20 mg/kg), and shorten the time for activity counts to become normal. BP-1 has protective effect on acute hepatotoxicity and neurotoxicity of mice induced by cocaine. Its mechanisms might be associated with its antioxidant activity.
/The study objective was/ to examine the effects of 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone (BP-1), a benzophenone derivative used as an ultraviolet light absorbent, on acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity in C57BL/6J mice. Mice were administered orally with BP-1 at doses of 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg body weight respectively every morning for 4 d before a hepatotoxic dose of APAP (350 mg/kg body weight) was given subcutaneously. Twenty four hours after APAP intoxication, the serum enzyme including serum alaine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were measured and liver histopathologic changes were examined. BP-1 administration dramatically reduced serum ALT, AST and LDH levels. Liver histopathological examination showed that BP-1 administration antagonized APAP-induced liver pathological damage in a dose-dependent manner. Further tests showed that APAP-induced hepatic lipid peroxidation was reduced significantly by BP-1 pretreatment, and glutathione depletion was ameliorated obviously. BP-1 can effectively protect C57BL/6J mice from APAP-induced hepatotoxicity, and reduction of oxidative stress might be part of the protection mechanism.
/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Ketones and related compounds/
/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . For contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Ketones and related compounds/
Benzophenone-3 [2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (HMB), oxybenzone, Spectra-Sorb UV-9 light absorber] is used in many cosmetics and sunscreens as a UV absorber. This study was conducted to investigate the metabolism of HMB (100 mg/kg body weight administered orally). 2,4-Dihydroxybenzophenone (DHB), 2,2'-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (DHMB), and 2,3,4-trihydroxy-benzophenone (THB) metabolites were identified as free and conjugated forms by HPLC analysis. HMB was rapidly absorbed, metabolized, and detected in plasma (as free and protein bound) at 5 min postadministration. The parent compound and metabolites (free and conjugated) were detected at 6 hr in most tissues. DHB was present in most tissues with the highest concentration in the liver. DHMB was only detected as the conjugated form in liver, spleen, and heart. Trace amounts of THB were also detected in biological samples. Urine was the primary route, whereas feces was the secondary route of elimination of HMB and its metabolites. This study revealed O-dealkylation as the major pathway of HMB metabolism.
Benzophenone-3 (2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, BZ-3) is a UV absorber that is used extensively in medicine, cosmetics and industry as a sunscreen and color fastener. Exposure to the chemical is through the dermal and oral route. Bioavailability of the chemical absorbed through the skin is different from that seen through the oral route. The disposition of BZ-3 was investigated after dermal administration of 100 mg/kg body weight (body wt.) in Sprague-Dawley rats. Blood samples were collected at various intervals and the parent compound and its metabolites were analyzed by HPLC. Absorption was rapid as the parent compound and its metabolites were detected in plasma 5 min post-administration. The half-life (t1/2) of absorption was 3.45 hr corresponding to an absorption rate constant of 0.2 hr-1. Peak plasma concentration of 35 +/- 4.5 ug/mL (mean +/- standard error of the mean, S.E.) was attained at 2.5 hr post-administration. Disappearance from the plasma was biphasic with different half-lives (1.3 for alpha phase and 15.05 hr for beta phase), the area under the plasma concentration versus time curve was 211.1 +/- 38.2 ug/mL/hr (mean +/- S.E). There was also extensive binding of BZ-3 and its metabolites to plasma proteins. Three metabolites were identified in plasma, 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone (DHB) and 2,2'-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (DHMB) were the major metabolites detected in the plasma, while 2,3,4-trihydroxybenzophenone (THB) was detected in trace amounts. Tissue distribution studies revealed that THB was the major metabolite followed by DHB (both free and conjugated) in all tissues examined. The liver contained the highest amount followed by the kidney, spleen and testes, respectively.
The present invention relates to oligoesters and their use or the creation of additives. Oligoester containing additives and/or oligoesters themselves may be used for formulating pharmaceutical preparations, cosmetics or personal care products such as shampoos and conditioners. These oligoesters are particularly useful for the creation of multi-purpose additives that can impart conditioning, long substantivity and/or UV protection. Individual oligoesters and oligoester mixtures are described.
A dehydrative arylation and thiolation of tertiary alcohols catalyzed by in situ generated triflic acid - Viable protocol for C C and C S bond formation
作者:Deblina Roy、Gautam Panda
DOI:10.1016/j.tet.2018.09.009
日期:2018.10
methanes with a quaternary carbon center and 6 triarylmethyl thioarenes) with diverse substitution patterns could be prepared in high yields (up to 82%). Use of indium triflate allowed the transformation to be carried out in an open flask without taking special care leaving water as the only by product. Control experiments revealed that the triflic acid generated in situ from indium triflate, probably through
标题文章讨论了通过邻醌甲基化物中间体有效形成C C和C S键的温和策略。可以高收率(高达82%)制备总共29个具有不同取代方式的实例(23个具有季碳中心的四取代甲烷和6个三芳基甲基硫代芳烃)。使用三氟甲磺酸铟允许在敞口烧瓶中进行转化,而无需特别注意,仅以水作为副产物。对照实验表明,三氟甲磺酸原位生成可能是通过与底物的配合而从三氟甲磺酸铟中提取的,作为转化的实际催化剂。此外,该方案可用于合成有前途的生物活性物质,例如CDRI-830类似物,二氢色酚[2,3- b ]吲哚和9-(1 H-吲哚-3-基)-9-苯基-9 H-黄嘌呤。 -1-醇。
PHOTOPROTECTIVE COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING PHOTOSENSITIVE 1,3,5-TRIAZINE COMPOUNDS, DIBENZOYLMETHANE COMPOUNDS AND SILICEOUS S-TRIAZINES SUBSTITUTED WITH TWO AMINOBENZOATE OR AMINOBENZAMIDE GROUPS
申请人:L'OREAL
公开号:US20170135933A1
公开(公告)日:2017-05-18
UV-photoprotective, topically applicable cosmetic/dermatological compositions contain:
(a) at least one dibenzoylmethane compound,
(b) at least one 1,3,5-triazine compound that is photosensitive in the presence of a dibenzoylmethane compound, and
(c) at least one siliceous s-triazine compound substituted with two aminobenzoate or aminobenzamide groups, or a tautomeric form thereof, the 1,3,5-triazine compounds being improvedly photostable in such compositions.
BENZOFURAN AND BENZOTHIOPHENE-2-CARBOXYLIC ACID AMIDE DERIVATIVES
申请人:Mohr Peter
公开号:US20090029976A1
公开(公告)日:2009-01-29
The present invention relates to compounds of formula I
wherein X, A and R
1
to R
4
are as defined in the description and claims, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. The compounds are useful for the treatment and/or prevention of diseases which are associated with the modulation of H3 receptors.
Compounds containing a michael-acceptor, especially maleimide or maleic
申请人:Vanguard Medica Limited
公开号:US05877204A1
公开(公告)日:1999-03-02
The present invention relates to compounds which are useful as sunscreens. The compounds persist on the skin for much longer than conventional sunscreens because they comprise a Michael acceptor linked directly or indirectly to a chromophore. The Michael acceptor is capable of undergoing a conjugate addition reaction with thiol groups present in cysteine residues of keratin and thus the compound is chemically bound to the skin and will not be removed by immersion in water.