The acute toxicity of sulfuryl chloride following inhalation is high. In male Sprague-Dawley rats with head-only exposure to vapor a 4 h-LC50 of 878 mg/m3 was calculated. Clinical signs included nasal discharge and eye irritation. In humans, pulmonary edema of delayed onset has been reported after inhalation of sulfuryl chloride vapor. Sulfuryl chloride hydrolyzes slowly in moist air and reacts violently with water, forming chlorosulfonic acid, hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid. Due to this hydrolytic reaction, sulfuryl chloride is corrosive to the skin, eyes and respiratory tract. Studies with sulfuryl chloride concerning sensitizing properties are not available. The hydrolysis products sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid gave no indication for a sensitizing potential in humans and experimental animals. From a 14-day inhalation study with sulfuryl chloride in rats, a NOAEC could not be derived, since pneumonitis was still observed at the lowest exposure level of 17 mg/m3. The reported effects are in line with all other evidence regarding the chemical and biological properties, i.e. corrosivity of sulfuryl chloride and its hydrolysis products hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and chlorosulfonic acid. Studies performed with sulfuric acid gave LOAECs in the range of 0.3 mg/m3, the LOAEC found in a 90-day study with hydrochloric acid was 15 mg/m3. All findings were confined to the site of first contact and can be explained by the irritating/corrosive properties of the acid. Sulfuryl chloride as well as the hydrolysis products hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and chlorosulfonic acid are all classified as corrosive and hydrochloric acid and chlorosulfonic acid are classified as irritant to the respiratory tract. No primary systemic effects were reported. Sulfuryl chloride did not show mutagenic activity in Ames tests with Salmonella typhimurium. A slight mutagenic activity was observed in only one tester strain without metabolic activation. However, this result was found to be not reproducible in further tests. As sulfuryl chloride decomposes to acids, the resulting change in pH may induce genotoxic effects such as chromosomal aberrations and other DNA damage in vitro and in vivo at the portal-ofentry. No carcinogenicity studies with sulfuryl chloride were identified. The hydrolysis products hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid gave no clear indications for an increased tumor incidence after life-time exposure in laboratory animals. Studies with sulfuryl chloride concerning effects on fertility and development were not available and there were also no data on fertility effects for the hydrolysis products sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid. Concerning developmental toxicity, the hydrolysis product sulfuric acid gave no indication for adverse effects in mice and rabbits after exposure via inhalation. Because sulfuryl chloride is a toxicant acting at the portal-of-entry, and because it is unlikely to reach the reproductive organs or the embryo/fetus, toxicity to reproduction or developmental toxicity in mammals are not likely to occur following exposure to sulfuryl chloride by any route. In humans, several epidemiological studies have suggested a relationship between exposure to strong inorganic acid mists containing sulfuric acid and an increased incidence of laryngeal cancer. IARC (1992) has concluded that occupational exposure to strong-inorganic-acid mists containing sulfuric acid is carcinogenic to humans" (Group 1). Concerns have been raised that confounding factors could not be fully excluded. The effects might be a secondary finding to be expected after prolonged exposure to strong acid due to the cytotoxicity and consequent stimulus to increased cell proliferation.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
暴露途径
该物质可以通过吸入其蒸汽被身体吸收。
The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour.
来源:ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
毒理性
吸入症状
灼热感。咳嗽。呼吸困难。气短。喉咙痛。症状可能延迟出现。
Burning sensation. Cough. Laboured breathing. Shortness of breath. Sore throat. Symptoms may be delayed.
来源:ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
This invention pertains to phosphosulfonates, having the general formula ##STR1## wherein Y is phenyl, naphthyl, benzyl, a (C.sub.5 -C.sub.8)cycloalkyl, a 5-membered heteroaromatic ring, a 6-membered heteraromatic ring, a fused 5,6-membered heteroaromatic ring, or a fused 6,6-membered heteroaromatic ring; and X is oxygen or sulfur; and R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkenyloxy, alkynyloxy, haloalkoxy, cyanoalkoxy, alkoxyalkoxy, cycloalkyloxy, cycloalkylalkoxy, alkylideneiminooxy, chloro, amino, phenyl or phenoxy; or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are both alkoxy, taken together with the phosphorus atom to form a 6-membered oxygen-containing ring; compositions containing these compounds and their use as herbicides.
Method of treating a patient having precancerous lesions with phenyl
申请人:Cell Pathways, Inc.
公开号:US06060477A1
公开(公告)日:2000-05-09
Derivatives of Phenyl Cycloamino Pyrimidinone are useful for the treatment of patients having precancerous lesions. These compounds are also useful to inhibit growth of neoplastic cells.
Biphenylsulfonamides and derivatives thereof that modulate the activity of endothelin
申请人:——
公开号:US20020095041A1
公开(公告)日:2002-07-18
Biphenylsulfonamides and methods for modulating or altering the activity of the endothelin family of peptides are provided. In particular, bicyclic or tricyclic carbon or heterocyclic ring biphenylsulfonamides and methods using these sulfonamides for inhibiting the binding of an endothelin peptide to an endothelin receptor by contacting the receptor with the sulfonamide are provided. Methods for treating endothelin-mediated disorders by administering effective amounts of one or more of these sulfonamides or prodrugs thereof that inhibit or increase the activity of endothelin are also provided.
Structural, Spectroscopic and Computational Examination of the Dative Interaction in Constrained Phosphine-Stibines and Phosphine-Stiboranes
作者:Brian A. Chalmers、Michael Bühl、Kasun S. Athukorala Arachchige、Alexandra M. Z. Slawin、Petr Kilian
DOI:10.1002/chem.201500281
日期:2015.5.11
computational methods. The P–Sb dativeinteractions in both series range from strongly bonding to non‐bonding as the Lewis acidity of the Sb acceptor is decreased. In the pentavalent antimony series, a significant change in the P–Sb distance is observed between SbClPh3 and SbCl2Ph2 derivatives 6 and 7, respectively, consistent with a change from a bonding to a non‐bonding interaction in response to relatively
in limited solutionprocessability. This is a critical trade-off between the development of OSCs with simultaneous high carrier mobility and suitable solubility. To address this issue, herein, five-membered ring-fused selenium-bridged V-shaped binaphthalene with decyl substituents (C10-DNS-VW) is developed and synthesized by an efficient method. C10-DNS-VW exhibits significantly high solubility for