Trichloroacetic acid, solid is a colorless crystalline solid. It absorbs moisture from air and forms a syrup. It is soluble in water with release of heat. It is corrosive to metals and tissue.
A group of 10 men and 10 women employed for the production of polyethylene bags, for which trichloroethylene is used, were examined. The analysis of TCA content in urine shows a 40% reduction after 2 days rest.
Interaction of tetrachloroethylene with hepatic microsomal cytochromes p450 was investigated using male Long-Evans rats. Free trichloroacetic acid was the major metabolite of tetrachloroethylene from the hepatic microsomal cytochrome p450 system.
After exposure of workers to trichloroethylene, urinary concentration of trichloroacetic acid was related to trichloroethylene vapor concentration up to 50 ppm, but not at higher concentrations.
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS. Environment: A potential risk to the aquatic compartment is identified due to high toxicity to algae and local exposure from use as auxiliary in textile dyes, waste water from electroplating facilities, textile washing and pulp mills. A potential risk to the terrestrial environment is identified due to high toxicity to plants and global exposure from the decomposition of C2-chlorocarbons. Human health: The chemical is reprotoxic, corrosive and an eye irritant but adequate protection measures are currently being applied. Trichloroacetic acid is currently considered of low potential risk and low priority for further work. SHORT SUMMARY WHICH ...TCA is mostly used in the production of TCA Na-salt used as a herbicide. TCA is also used as an auxiliary in textile dying processes. ... The most sensitive environmental species to TCA is the alga Chlorella pyrenoidosa (14d-NOEC = 0.01 mg/L) and pine (60d-EC10 = 0.12 mg/kg).The acute oral, dermal and inhalation toxicity is low. This chemical is corrosive and strongly irritant to the eyes. The NOEL in a 90-day study in dogs - the most sensitive species tested - was determined as 500 ppm (approx. 30 mg/kg bw/day). The NOEL for repeated dose toxicity in a 4-month feeding study with rats was 4000 ppm (365 mg/kg bw/day), the NOEL in a 2-year feeding study in rats was 1600 ppm (80 mg/kg bw/day). An inconsistent picture was found in tests on genotoxic action. Point-mutation tests were predominantly negative. In-vivo tests of chromosome mutations were mostly positive, but effects only appeared after high loading of the animals. The SCE test in mice was negative. The results of a micronucleus test in mice are apparently not reproducible. The end point of the sperm anomaly test is not necessarily due to genetic damage. The validity of the positive test results described for the clastogenic effects in mice suffers from the partly insufficient experimental procedure. Drinking water studies in male and female mice to 52 or 61 weeks gave an increased incidence of tumors in the livers of the male mice only. A 2-year feeding study with rats and a drinking water study over 100 - 104 weeks in rats showed no evidence of carcinogenicity. Reproduction toxicology investigations in rats showed maternal and embryonic toxicity from 330 mg/kg body weight and from 800 mg/kg also embryo-lethality. In all dose-groups there was a dose dependent increase in visceral anomalies, particularly in the cardiovascular system. The mean frequency of soft tissue malformations ranged from 9% at the low dose (330 mg/kg) to 97% at the high dose (1800 mg/kg/day). A NOAEL could not be established. Based on these findings TCA was considered to be developmentally toxic in the pregnant rat at doses of 330 mg/kg and above. ... Considering the low exposure potential to humans, available toxicity data support a low risk to human health. The tumorigenic action in male mouse liver corresponds to the type, which leads to liver tumors preferentially in male mice via peroxisome proliferation, hepatotoxicity and liver cell proliferation.
Evaluation: There is inadequate evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of trichloroacetic acid. There is limited evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of trichloroacetic acid. Overall evaluation: Trichloroacetic acid is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans (Group 3).
CLASSIFICATION: C; possible human carcinogen. BASIS FOR CLASSIFICATION: The classification is based on a lack of human data and limited evidence of an increased incidence of liver neoplasms in both sexes of one strain of mice. No evidence of carcinogenicity was found in rats. Results from genotoxicity studies are mixed; trichloroacetic acid does not appear to be a point mutagen. HUMAN CARCINOGENICITY DATA: None. ANIMAL CARCINOGENICITY DATA: Limited.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
致癌性证据
A3; 已确认的动物致癌物,对人类的相关性未知。
A3; Confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
致癌物分类
国际癌症研究机构致癌物:三氯乙酸
IARC Carcinogenic Agent:Trichloroacetic acid
来源:International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)
After trichloroethylene poisoning, TCA is excreted in urine in high quantities that quickly decr but are detectable for some time. Excretion pattern of TCA in perchloroethylene poisoning is quite variable.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
TCA是...不容易通过皮肤吸收的。
TCA is ... not readily absorbed through the skin.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
三氯乙烯吸收后,三氯乙酸作为中间产物出现,并以葡萄糖醛酸的形式通过尿液排出。
After trichloroethylene absorption trichloroacetic acid occurs as an intermed that is excreted in the urine as glucuronic acid. /From table/
Administration of a single oral dose of 5, 20, or 100 mg/kg (14)C-TCA to male F344 rats or male B6C3F1 mice was followed by elimination of >50% of the dose as the parent compound in urine. Initial circulating concentrations of the parent TCA were 40% higher in rats (reflected in significantly larger plasma AUC values) than in mice; twice the percentage of TCA was exhaled as (14)CO2 compared to that in mice. After the first 3 hours, elimination kinetics for the two species were essentially identical (plasma t1/2= 5.8 hours).
... Absorption and distribution studies were conducted with radiolabelled trichloro(2-(14)C)acetic acid, which was administered by gavage (500 mg/kg) as aqueous free acid, neutral aqueous solution (sodium salt) or free acid in corn oil. The absorption and distribution of trichloroacetic acid was similar in all cases: the chemical was absorbed rapidly after dosing, maximum plasma liver concn of free radiolabel being achieved in <1 hr. ...
[EN] BRUTON'S TYROSINE KINASE INHIBITORS<br/>[FR] INHIBITEURS DE LA TYROSINE KINASE DE BRUTON
申请人:PFIZER
公开号:WO2014068527A1
公开(公告)日:2014-05-08
Disclosed herein are compounds that form covalent bonds with Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK). Methods for the preparation of the compounds are disclosed. Also disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions that include the compounds. Methods of using the BTK inhibitors are disclosed, alone or in combination with other therapeutic agents, for the treatment of autoimmune diseases or conditions, heteroimmune diseases or conditions, cancer, including lymphoma, and inflammatory diseases or conditions. (Formula I)
Compounds with antiparasitic activity and medicines containing same
申请人:Vial Henri
公开号:US20050176819A1
公开(公告)日:2005-08-11
The invention relates to compounds having an anti-parasitic, in particular antimalarial activity, characterized in that they correspond to general formula (I)
Applications in particular as compounds with anti-parasitic activity.
Epoxidation of trans-4-Aminocyclohex-2-en-1-ol Derivatives: Competition of Hydroxy-Directed and Ammonium-Directed Pathways
作者:Méabh B. Brennan、Stephen G. Davies、Ai M. Fletcher、James A. Lee、Paul M. Roberts、Angela J. Russell、James E. Thomson
DOI:10.1071/ch14531
日期:——
directing groups on the rate of the epoxidation reaction: the diastereoisomeric ratio of the epoxide products is also the ratio of the rate constants describing the competing epoxidation processes (the group with the higher directing ability dominating the stereochemical course of the reaction). Analysis of the diastereoisomeric epoxide mixtures obtained from these reactions allowed the following order of
Generation of acyloxyl spin adducts from N-tert-butyl-α-phenylnitrone † (PBN) and 4,5-dihydro-5,5-dimethylpyrrole 1-oxide (DMPO) via nonconventional mechanisms
作者:Lennart Eberson、Ola Persson
DOI:10.1039/a701479a
日期:——
The reaction between
N-tert-butyl-α-phenylnitrone (PBN) and
carboxylic acids has been studied. Two mechanisms are discernible: the
generation of PBNË+ by oxidation of PBN with a
photochemically produced excited state [from either
2,4,6-tris(4-methoxyphenyl)pyrylium ion 2+ or
tetrachlorobenzoquinone 4], followed by reaction with RCOOH, or the
addition of RCOOH to PBN to give a hydroxylamine derivative, followed by
thermal oxidation by a weak oxidant. The latter sequence is the
ForresterâHepburn mechanism. In this mechanism, neither
2+ nor 4 is effective as an oxidant, whereas bromine could be
used. Thus only oxidants with redox potentials 0.1 V
(SCE) are reactive enough to oxidize the intermediate hydroxylamine.
This behaviour is in agreement with the redox reactivity of
hydroxylamines.For the cyclic nitrone, 4,5-dihydro-5,5-dimethylpyrrole
1-oxide (DMPO), acyloxyl spin adducts have been prepared by the
photochemical route.The reaction between dibenzoyl peroxide and PBN to give
PhCOOâPBNË is not catalysed by added
PhCOOH. It could be shown that the rate of formation of
PhCOOâPBNË is compatible with the rate
of thermal decomposition of dibenzoyl peroxide. Thus dibenzoyl
peroxide does not support the ForresterâHepburn mechanism,
in agreement with its redox potential of ca. -0.2
V.
Salts of zinc and aliphatic haloid carboxylic acids for therapy of skin neoplasms and visible mucous coats
申请人:Tsyb, Anatoly Fyodorovich
公开号:EP1746082A1
公开(公告)日:2007-01-24
The invention relates to medicine, and more particularly to dermatology, namely to new salts of zinc and aliphatic haloid carboxylic acids which can be used to treat benign skin lesions and visible mucous coats.
The following chemical formula of salts of zinc and aliphatic haloid carboxylic acids is proposed
wherein in formulae Fluorine (F), Chlorine (Cl), Bromine (Br) or Iodine (J) can be a halogen atom.
The obtained technical result is the creation of a unique preparation to treat benign skin lesions and visible mucous coats. The preparation is low-toxic, fast acting with a pronounced therapeutic effect and a good tolerance. It causes no complications during therapy, and ensures healing without scar tissue formation. The created preparation allows to extend the assortment of drugs for therapy of similar diseases.