丙烯酸2-乙基己酯 | 103-11-7

• 物质功能分类: 有机原料 - 羧酸类化合物及衍生物 - 羧酸酯及其衍生物
• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 有机酸及其衍生物 - 羧酸及其衍生物
• 中文名称: 丙烯酸2-乙基己酯
• 中文别名: 丙烯酸异辛酯；丙烯酸辛酯；丙烯酸 2-乙基己酯；2-乙基丙烯酸己酯；2-EHA；丙烯酸(2-乙基己)酯；丙烯酸正辛酯；2EHA；2-丙烯酸-2-乙基己基酯；丙烯酸-2-乙基己酯；2-乙基己基丙烯酸酯
• 英文名称: 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate
• 英文别名: 2-propenoic acid, 2-ethylhexyl ester；2-ethylhexyl prop-2-enoate
• CAS: 103-11-7；90530-31-7
• 化学式: C₁₁H₂₀O₂
• mdl: MFCD00009495
• 分子量: 184.279
• InChiKey: GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N

物化性质

• 熔点：
  -90°C
• 沸点：
  215-219 °C(lit.)
• 密度：
  0.885 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
• 蒸气密度：
  6.4 (vs air)
• 闪点：
  175 °F
• 溶解度：
  0.1克/升
• 暴露限值：
  ACGIH: TWA 5 mg/m3NIOSH: TWA 5 mg/m3
• LogP：
  4 at 20℃
• 物理描述：
  2-ethylhexyl acrylate appears as a clear colorless liquid with a pleasant odor. Less dense than water and insoluble in water. Vapors heavier than air. Flash point 180°F. Used in making of paints and plastics.
• 颜色/状态：
  Colorless liquid
• 气味：
  Pleasant
• 蒸汽密度：
  6.35 (NTP, 1992) (Relative to Air)
• 蒸汽压力：
  0.178 mm Hg @ 25 °C /Extrapolated/
• 亨利常数：
  Henry's Law constant: 0.000432 atm-cu m/mol @ 25 °C /Estimated/
• 稳定性/保质期：
  The typical shelf-life for this product is 12 months. /Formulation >99% 2-ethylhexyl acrylate/
• 自燃温度：
  485 °F (252 °C)
• 分解：
  When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.
• 聚合：
  Polymerizes when exposed to heat. Peroxides or other initiators may cause polymerization.
• 气味阈值：
  0.02 mg/L
• 折光率：
  Index of refraction: 1.4332 @ 25 °C
• 保留指数：
  1215 ;1224 ;1215 ;1224.2

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  3.8
• 重原子数：
  13
• 可旋转键数：
  8
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.727
• 拓扑面积：
  26.3
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  2

ADMET

代谢

丙烯酸酯和甲基丙烯酸酯主要通过迈克尔加成反应或谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶与谷胱甘肽结合来进行解毒。它们还可能通过羧酸酯酶发生水解。较低分子量的酯类被迅速代谢和排出，因此，不太可能引起累积毒性。/丙烯酸酯/

Acrylates and methacrylates are detoxified predominantly via conjugation with glutathione via the Michael addition reaction or glutathione-S-transferase. They are also likely to be hydrolyzed via carboxylesterases. The lower molecular weight esters are rapidly metabolized and eliminated, therefore, will not likely cause cumulative toxicity. /Acrylates/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

代谢

排泄平衡研究在雌性Fischer 344大鼠中进行了2-乙基己醇（2-EH）的实验，包括单次高剂量（500 mg/kg）和低剂量（50 mg/kg）口服[14C]2-EH，重复口服未标记的2-EH低剂量，6小时皮肤暴露1 g/kg应用剂量的[14C]2-EH，以及1 mg/kg静脉注射[14C]2-EH。口服和皮肤给药后消除的尿代谢物主要是2-EH的氧化代谢物的葡萄糖苷酸，包括2-乙基己二酸、2-乙基己酸、5-羟基-2-乙基己酸和6-羟基-2-乙基己酸的葡萄糖苷酸。/2-乙基己醇，代谢物/

Excretion balance studies were conducted with 2-ethylhexanol (2-EH) in female Fischer 344 rats following single high (500 mg/kg) and low (50 mg/kg) oral doses of [14C]2-EH, following repeated oral dosing with unlabelled 2-EH at the low level, following dermal exposure for 6 hr with a 1 g/kg applied dose of [14C]2-EH, and following a 1 mg/kg iv dose of [14C]2-EH. ...Urinary metabolites eliminated following the oral and dermal doses were predominantly glucuronides of oxidized metabolites of 2-EH, including glucuronides of 2-ethyladipic acid, 2-ethylhexanoic acid, 5-hydroxy-2-ethylhexanoic acid and 6-hydroxy-2-ethylhexanoic acid. /2-Ethylhexanol, metabolite/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

代谢

从毒物动力学研究中可以推断，与其它丙烯酸酯类似，2-乙基己基丙烯酸酯通过羧酸酯酶相对较快地水解成醇和丙烯酸。...关于代谢物的研究仅涉及在胆汁中检测到2-乙基己基丙烯酸酯和丙烯酸的巯基尿酸衍生物。

From toxicokinetic studies, it can be concluded by analogy with other acrylates that 2-ethylhexyl acrylate is hydrolysed relatively quickly by carboxyl esterases to alcohol and acrylic acid. ...Studies of the metabolites deal only with the detection of mercapturic acid derivatives of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate and acrylic acid in bile.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

代谢

2-乙基己醇是2-乙基己基丙烯酸酯的代谢产物。

2-Ethylhexanol is a metabolite of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

代谢

2-乙基己基丙烯酸酯被认为与其他丙烯酸酯一样，会经历由羧酸酯酶催化的代谢。它以N-乙酰-S-(2-羧基乙基)胱氨酸和N-乙酰-S-2-(2-乙基己氧羰基)乙基胱氨酸的形式通过尿液排出。

2-Ethylhexyl acrylate is believed to undergo carboxylesterase-catalysed metabolism, like other acrylate esters. It is excreted in the urine both as N-acetyl-S-(2- carboxyethyl)cysteine and as N-acetyl-S-2-(2-ethylhexyloxycarbonyl)ethylcysteine.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 致癌性证据

评估：对于乙基己基丙烯酸酯对人类致癌性的证据不足。在实验动物中对乙基己基丙烯酸酯的致癌性证据有限。总体评估：乙基己基丙烯酸酯对人类的致癌性无法分类（第3组）。

Evaluation: There is inadequate evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of ethylhexyl acrylate. There is limited evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of ethylhexyl acrylate. Overall evaluation: Ethylhexyl acrylate is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans (Group 3).

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 致癌物分类

国际癌症研究机构致癌物：2-乙基己基丙烯酸酯

IARC Carcinogenic Agent:2-Ethylhexyl acrylate

来源:International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)

毒理性

• 致癌物分类

国际癌症研究机构（IARC）致癌物分类：2B组：可能对人类致癌

IARC Carcinogenic Classes:Group 2B: Possibly carcinogenic to humans

来源:International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)

毒理性

• 致癌物分类

国际癌症研究机构专论：第60卷：（1994年）一些工业化学品

IARC Monographs:Volume 60: (1994) Some Industrial Chemicals

来源:International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)

毒理性

• 暴露途径

这种物质可以通过吸入和摄入被身体吸收。

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation and by ingestion.

来源:ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)

吸收、分配和排泄

2-乙基己基丙烯酸酯被认为与其他丙烯酸酯一样，会经历由羧酸酯酶催化的代谢。它以N-乙酰-S-(2-羧基乙基)胱氨酸和N-乙酰-S-2-(2-乙基己氧甲酰基)乙基胱氨酸的形式通过尿液排出。在大鼠的胆汁中检测到了两种未知的代谢物。在通过吸入暴露的大鼠中，24小时内以硫醚形式排出的丙烯酸酯剂量百分比与剂量有关，随着空气中6小时暴露浓度从250增加到1000毫克/立方米，这一比例从8.0%降低到3.0%，表明这条代谢途径是可饱和的。在这些动物的血液和肝脏中也观察到了非蛋白巯基团数量的减少。

2-Ethylhexyl acrylate is believed to undergo carboxylesterase-catalysed metabolism, like other acrylate esters. It is excreted in the urine both as N-acetyl-S-(2- carboxyethyl)cysteine and as N-acetyl-S-2-(2-ethylhexyloxycarbonyl)ethylcysteine. Two unidentified metabolites were detected in the bile of rats. In rats exposed by inhalation, the percentage of a dose of the acrylate excreted in urine as thioethers over 24 hr was dose dependent and decreased from 8.0 to 3.0% as the 6 hr exposure concentration in air increased from 250 to 1000 mg/cu m, indicating saturable metabolism along this pathway. A decrease in the number of non-protein SH groups was also observed in the blood and liver of these animals.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

碳-14标记的2-乙基己基丙烯酸酯(2EHA)的毒物动力学在4个月和7个月大的雄性Wistar大鼠中进行评估。该化学物质通过静脉注射(iv)或腹腔注射(ip)以10 mg/kg的剂量给药，动物被安置在代谢笼中，直到在给药后1、2、12和24小时进行屠宰。在通过iv或ip途径给予标记的2EHA后，在4个月和7个月大的雄性动物中观察到双指数消除放射性。在较年轻的动物中，消除的慢相和快相的半衰期分别为5-6小时和30-60分钟，在较年长的动物中分别为14小时和115-130分钟。iv给药后2EHA的组织浓度顺序为肾脏、肝脏、大脑、胸腺、脾脏、肺、心脏、睾丸、血液、脂肪。ip给药后，丙烯酸的组织水平较低，但遵循类似的模式。在两种给药方案后的前12小时内，主要的消除途径是呼出气和尿液排泄。呼出气在治疗24小时后约占给药放射性的50%，另有7-13%在尿液中测定。用2摩尔氢氧化钠捕获呼出的放射性，并通过气相色谱分析揭示，主要的代谢物是二氧化碳。

The toxicokinetics of carbon-14 labeled 2-ethylhexyl-acrylate (2EHA) was assessed in 4 and 7 month old male Wistar-rats. The chemical was administered by iv or ip injection at a dose of 10 mg/kg, and the animals were maintained in metabolism cages until sacrifice at 1, 2, 12, and 24 hr post dosing. A biexponential elimination of radioactivity was observed in both 4 and 7 month old male animals following the administration of labeled 2EHA through iv or ip routes. The half lives of the slow and fast phases of elimination were 5-6 hr and 30-60 min in the younger animals and 14 hr and 115-130 min in the older animals respectively. The rank order of tissue concentrations of 2EHA following iv dosing was kidney, liver, brain, thymus, spleen, lungs, heart, testes, blood, fat. Tissue levels of the acrylate were lower following ip administration, but followed a similar pattern. The major routes of elimination during the first 12 hours after both dosing regimen was expired air and urinary excretion. Expired air accounted for approximately 50% of the radioactivity administered at 24 hr post treatment with another 7-13% determined in the urine. Trapping the exhaled radioactivity in 2 molar sodium-hydroxide and gas chromatographic analysis revealed that the primary metabolite was carbon-dioxide.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

...2-乙基己基丙烯酸酯（EHA）在大鼠体内的分布情况进行了研究。成年雄性Wistar大鼠通过口服或腹腔注射单次剂量为100 mg/kg的碳-14（C-14）标记的...EHA。...所有动物在72小时内排泄了超过90%的剂量，大部分通过呼出气体和尿液排出。口服给药的动物通过尿液排出的放射性标记物更多。EHA给药后3小时，血浆和红细胞中C-14达到最大浓度。C-14从红细胞中清除呈双相性。在血浆中，EHA以单相性消除，半衰期约为22小时。...EHA衍生活性广泛分布于所有组织中。组织中的放射性活性量缓慢减少。给药后72小时，在脂肪组织、坐骨神经和大脑中发现了EHA衍生活性量的少量增加。...给药后72小时脂肪组织和坐骨神经中EHA衍生C-14活性的保留表明，EHA可能会在生物体内积累。

The disposition of ...2-ethylhexylacrylate (EHA) was studied in rats. Adult male Wistar-rats were given a single oral or ip 100 mg/kg dose of carbon-14 (C-14) labeled ...EHA. ...More than 90% of the dose was excreted within 72 hours by all animals, mostly in the expired air and urine. Urinary excretion of radiolabel was higher for animals dosed orally. Maximum C-14 concentrations in the plasma and erythrocytes occurred ...3 hours after dosing with EHA. Elimination of C-14 from erythrocytes was biphasic for both compounds. In plasma EHA was eliminated monophasically with a halflife of about 22 hours. ...EHA derived activity was widely distributed to all tissues. The amounts of tissue radioactivity decreased slowly. Small increases in the amount of EHA derived activity were found in the adipose tissue, sciatic nerve, and brain 72 hours after dosing. ...The retention of EHA derived C-14 activity in the adipose tissue and sciatic nerve 72 hours after dosing suggests that EHA may accumulate in living organisms.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

排泄平衡研究在雌性Fischer 344大鼠中进行，研究了2-乙基己醇（2-EH）的排泄情况。这些研究包括单次高剂量（500 mg/kg）和低剂量（50 mg/kg）口服给予[14C]2-EH，重复口服给予未标记的2-EH在低剂量水平，皮肤暴露6小时，应用剂量为1 g/kg的[14C]2-EH，以及静脉注射1 mg/kg的[14C]2-EH。高剂量、低剂量和重复低剂量口服2-EH的研究显示[14C]的排泄平衡曲线相似，高剂量下有代谢饱和的迹象。重复低剂量口服给药后未观察到代谢诱导的证据。所有口服剂量都迅速消除，主要在给药后24小时内通过尿液排出。皮肤给药导致大约5%的1 g/kg剂量被吸收，大部分剂量在6小时后从皮肤暴露室中未被吸收地回收。口服和皮肤给药后排出的尿液代谢物主要是2-EH的氧化代谢物的葡萄糖苷酸，包括2-乙基己二酸、2-乙基己酸、5-羟基-2-乙基己酸和6-羟基-2-乙基己酸的葡萄糖苷酸。/2-乙基己醇，代谢物/

Excretion balance studies were conducted with 2-ethylhexanol (2-EH) in female Fischer 344 rats following single high (500 mg/kg) and low (50 mg/kg) oral doses of [14C]2-EH, following repeated oral dosing with unlabelled 2-EH at the low level, following dermal exposure for 6 hr with a 1 g/kg applied dose of [14C]2-EH, and following a 1 mg/kg iv dose of [14C]2-EH. The high, low and repeated low oral dose studies with 2-EH showed similar excretion balance profiles of [14C], with some evidence of metabolic saturation at the high dose. No evidence of metabolic induction was seen following the repeated low oral dosing. All of the oral doses were eliminated rapidly, predominantly in the urine during the first 24 hr following dosing. The dermal dosing resulted in only about 5% absorption of the 1 g/kg dose, with the major portion of the dose recovered unabsorbed from the dermal exposure cell at 6 hr. Urinary metabolites eliminated following the oral and dermal doses were predominantly glucuronides of oxidized metabolites of 2-EH, including glucuronides of 2-ethyladipic acid, 2-ethylhexanoic acid, 5-hydroxy-2-ethylhexanoic acid and 6-hydroxy-2-ethylhexanoic acid. /2-Ethylhexanol, metabolite/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

大鼠通过静脉注射给予（14C）-2-乙基己基丙烯酸酯，剂量为10毫克/千克或50毫克/千克体重...在肝脏中发现了最高的放射性，肾脏中较少，在大脑中最少。观察到胆汁流量显著增加。在24小时的时间间隔内，两种剂量下都有2.2%的剂量通过胆汁排出，其中大部分（83%）在前3小时内排出。

Rats were intravenously administered (14C)-2-ethylhexyl acrylate at the dose 10 mg/kg or 50 mg/kg b. w. ... Highest radioactivity was found in liver, less in the kidneys and the least in the brain. A significant increase of bile flow was observed. In the 24-hour intervals 2.2% of the dose was eliminated via bile at both dosages, most of it (83%) during the first 3 hours.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

安全信息

• TSCA：
  Yes
• 危险品标志：
  Xi
• 安全说明：
  S36/37,S46
• 危险类别码：
  R43,R37/38
• WGK Germany：
  1
• 海关编码：
  29161290
• 危险品运输编号：
  UN 1294 3/PG 2
• RTECS号：
  AT0855000
• 危险标志：
  GHS07
• 危险性描述：
  H315,H317,H335,H412
• 危险性防范说明：
  P273,P280,P304 + P340 + P312,P333 + P313

制备方法与用途

化学性质
无色透明液体，几乎不溶于水。可与醇和醚混溶。

用途
丙烯酸2-乙基己酯用作聚合单体，广泛应用于软性聚合物的制备，并在共聚物中起到内增塑作用。作为高分子聚合物的单体，它与其他单体进行共聚、交联或接枝等反应，形成各种丙烯酸类树脂产品，如用于合成纤维织物加工、粘合剂、涂料及塑料改性等方面。

用途

1. 有机合成和溶剂。
2. 可聚合单体，在软性聚合物中发挥内增塑作用。
3. 制备用于涂料、纺织品处理、造纸、皮革、建筑粘合剂等工业用树脂。

生产方法

1. 直接酯化法：丙烯酸与2-乙基己醇以硫酸为催化剂进行酯化，再经中和、脱醇和精馏得到成品。
2. 酯交换法：在四氯化钛存在下，丙烯酸甲酯与2-乙基己醇进行酯交换反应生成丙烯酸-2-乙基己酯，经过精馏制得成品。

类别
易燃液体

毒性分级
中毒

急性毒性
腹腔注射-大鼠 LD50: 1670 毫克/公斤；口服-小鼠 LD50: 4400 毫克/公斤

刺激数据
皮肤接触-兔子 20 毫克/24小时 中度；眼睛接触-兔子 5 毫克 重度

可燃性危险特性
可燃，加热时会分解释放刺激烟雾

储运特性
库房需通风、低温和干燥保存

灭火剂
干粉、泡沫、砂土、二氧化碳或雾状水

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  丙烯酸2-乙基己酯 以40%的产率得到2-ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Process for the palladium catalyzed coupling of a diazonium salt with an

  摘要：

  一种“一锅法”工艺，使用羧酸作为溶剂，在制备重氮盐的水介质中，通过钯催化偶联重氮盐和烯丙基键。芳基丙烯酸及其酯，例如肉桂酸酯，可以在低催化剂浓度下制备，无需首先分离重氮盐。该工艺应用于2-乙基己基对甲氧基肉桂酸酯的合成。

  公开号：

  US05274171A1
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  alkaline earth salt of/the/ methylsulfuric acid 在 硫酸 、 对苯二酚 作用下， 189.0~205.0 ℃ 、4.8 kPa 条件下， 生成 丙烯酸2-乙基己酯
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Preparation of acrylic esters

  摘要：

  公开号：

  US02390028A1
• 作为试剂：
  描述：

  三氯化磷 、 二正丙胺 、 正己烷 、 、 2-ethylhexyl 2-methylene-4-carbomethoxypentanoate 、 在 甲醚 、 对苯二酚 、 丙烯酸2-乙基己酯 、 正己烷 、 esters 作用下， 以 水 为溶剂， 反应 35.0h， 以to give 200 g的产率得到2-methyl-4-methylenepentanedioic acid
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Esters of 4-substituted 2-methyleneglutaric acids and method for

  摘要：

  4-取代的2-亚甲基戊二酸酯是通过在三级有机膦、有机磷三酰胺、有机磷酸二酰胺或有机磷酸亚胺的存在下，将丙烯酸酯与α-取代的丙烯酸酯（如甲基丙烯酸酯）的酯反应制备的。

  公开号：

  US04145559A1

文献信息

• [EN] PROCESS FOR PREPARING CARBOXYLIC ACID ESTERS IN THE PRESENCE OF A TITANIUM-CONTAINING CATALYST<br/>[FR] PROCÉDÉ DE PRÉPARATION D'ESTERS D'ACIDES CARBOXYLIQUES EN PRÉSENCE D'UN CATALYSEUR CONTENANT DU TITANE
  申请人：SIBUR HOLDING PUBLIC JOINT STOCK CO

  公开号：WO2016043616A1

  公开（公告）日：2016-03-24

  The present invention relates to a process for preparing carboxylic acid esters, comprising esterification of a carboxylic acid with an alcohol in the presence of a titanium-containing catalyst selected from compounds of a general formula, Tin(OR)x(OR')xOy, wherein n is an integer from 1 to 4; у is an integer from 0 to 6; x can be the same or different and is an integer from 2 to 8; R is a linear or branched C1-C18alkyl, C3-C18cycloalkyl, R' is aryl optionally comprising an electron-donor substituent; or a mixture thereof, with the proviso that if n is 1, then x is 2 and у is 0; and if n>1, then the compounds comprise at least two alkoxy groups and two aryloxy groups. The present invention also relates to a process for preparing carboxylic acid esters, wherein a compound of general formula (I) or (II), wherein q represents an integer of 1 to 4; Y is independently R or R'; or a mixture thereof, with the proviso that the compounds comprise at least two alkoxy groups and two aryloxy groups, is used as a catalyst. The claimed process allows to reduce the amount of a used catalyst and the time of the process duration, while increasing the conversion rate of initial reagents and the yield of a target product.

  本发明涉及一种制备羧酸酯的方法，包括在存在选择自通式Tin(OR)x(OR')xOy的化合物的钛催化剂的情况下，将羧酸与醇酯化，其中n为1至4的整数；у为0至6的整数；x可以相同也可以不同，为2至8的整数；R为线性或支链的C1-C18烷基，C3-C18环烷基，R'为芳基，可包含电子给体取代基；或二者的混合物，但若n为1，则x为2且у为0；若n>1，则化合物至少包含两个烷氧基和两个芳氧基。本发明还涉及一种制备羧酸酯的方法，其中通式(I)或(II)的化合物，其中q表示1至4的整数；Y独立地为R或R'；或二者的混合物，但化合物至少包含两个烷氧基和两个芳氧基，被用作催化剂。所述方法允许减少使用的催化剂量和过程持续时间，同时提高初始试剂的转化率和目标产品的产率。
• Enol ethers
  申请人：Eastman Chemical Company

  公开号：US10889536B1

  公开（公告）日：2021-01-12

  Disclosed are enol ethers compounds. The enol ethers exhibit low volatile organic content and are useful in a variety of chemical applications. The enol ethers can be used in applications as diluents, wetting agents, coalescing aids, paint additives and as intermediates in chemical processes. The enol ethers also have particular utility as film-hardening additives in coating formulations.

  披露了烯醇醚化合物。这些烯醇醚具有低挥发性有机成分，并且在各种化学应用中很有用。这些烯醇醚可以用作稀释剂、润湿剂、凝聚助剂、涂料添加剂以及化学过程中的中间体。这些烯醇醚在涂料配方中还具有特殊的用途，可作为硬化膜添加剂。
• Water-Sculpting of a Heterogeneous Nanoparticle Precatalyst for Mizoroki–Heck Couplings under Aqueous Micellar Catalysis Conditions
  作者：Haobo Pang、Yuting Hu、Julie Yu、Fabrice Gallou、Bruce H. Lipshutz

  DOI：10.1021/jacs.0c11484

  日期：2021.3.10

  Powdery, spherical nanoparticles (NPs) containing ppm levels of palladium ligated by t-Bu3P, derived from FeCl3, upon simple exposure to water undergo a remarkable alteration in their morphology leading to nanorods that catalyze Mizoroki–Heck (MH) couplings. Such NP alteration is general, shown to occur with three unrelated phosphine ligand-containing NPs. Each catalyst has been studied using X-ray

  粉末状球形纳米粒子 (NPs) 含有 ppm 级的钯，由来自 FeCl 3的t- Bu 3 P连接，在简单暴露于水中后，其形态发生显着变化，导致纳米棒催化 Mizoroki-Heck (MH) 偶联。这种 NP 改变是普遍的，显示发生在三个不相关的含膦配体的 NP 中。已使用 X 射线光电子能谱 (XPS)、能量色散 X 射线能谱 (EDX)、透射电子显微镜 (TEM) 和低温透射电子显微镜 (cryo-TEM) 分析研究了每种催化剂。专门依赖于含有t- Bu 3 的NPs 的联轴器P-连接的 Pd 在室温至 45 °C 之间的水性胶束催化条件下发生，并显示出广泛的底物范围。与这项新技术相关的其他关键特性包括产品中残留的 Pd 低、水性反应介质的循环利用以及相关的低 E 因子。galipinine 是汉考克生物碱家族的一员，其前体的合成暗示了潜在的工业应用。
• USE OF NITROGEN COMPOUNDS QUATERNISED WITH ALKYLENE OXIDE AND HYDROCARBYL-SUBSTITUTED POLYCARBOXYLIC ACID AS ADDITIVES IN FUELS AND LUBRICANTS
  申请人：BASF SE

  公开号：US20160130514A1

  公开（公告）日：2016-05-12

  The invention relates to the use of quaternized nitrogen compounds as a fuel and lubricant additive or kerosene additive, such as in particular as a detergent additive, for decreasing or preventing deposits in the injection systems of direct-injection diesel engines, in particular in common rail injection systems, for decreasing the fuel consumption of direct-injection diesel engines, in particular of diesel engines having common rail injection systems, and for minimizing the power loss in direct-injection diesel engines, in particular in diesel engines having common rail injection systems; the invention further relates to the use as an additive for petrol, in particular for operation of DISI engines.

  该发明涉及将季铵化氮化合物用作燃料和润滑剂添加剂或煤油添加剂，特别是作为清洁剂添加剂，用于减少或预防直喷柴油发动机的喷射系统中的沉积物，在特定是在共轨喷射系统中，用于降低直喷柴油发动机的燃料消耗，特别是具有共轨喷射系统的柴油发动机，并用于减少直喷柴油发动机的功率损失，特别是在具有共轨喷射系统的柴油发动机中；该发明还涉及将其用作汽油添加剂，特别是用于DISI发动机的运行。
• Dithionite-Involved Multicomponent Coupling for Alkenyl and Alkyl Tertiary Sulfones
  作者：Yaping Li、Ming Wang、Xuefeng Jiang

  DOI：10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01393

  日期：2021.6.18

  A dithionite-involved multicomponent reaction of redox-active esters and alkenes/alkynes is comprehensively achieved for the construction of alkyl and alkenyl tertiary sulfones. The industrial feedstock sodium dithionite is employed as a sulfur dioxide surrogate and a single-electron reductant to initiate the decarboxylation of redox-active esters. Mechanistic studies further indicated that the transformation

  综合实现了氧化还原活性酯和烯烃/炔烃的连二亚硫酸盐参与的多组分反应，用于构建烷基和烯基叔砜。工业原料连二亚硫酸钠用作二氧化硫替代物和单电子还原剂以引发氧化还原活性酯的脱羧。机理研究进一步表明，该转化经历了一个质子俘获过程，这与传统的自由基俘获途径不同。

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