Delafoxacin is primarily metabolized via glucuronidation mediated by UDP glucuronosyltransferase 1-1, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-3, and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B15. Less than 1% is metabolized via oxidation.
Delafloxacin, like other fluoroquinolones, is associated with a low rate (3% to 4%) of serum enzyme elevations during therapy. These abnormalities are generally mild, asymptomatic and transient, resolving even with continuation of therapy. ALT elevations above 5 times the upper limit of normal occur in 1% or less of subjects. Although delafloxacin may not have been clearly linked to cases of clinically apparent liver injury, the other fluoroquinolones, such as ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and moxifloxacin, rank among the 25 most common causes of drug induced liver injury in many case series. Estimates of the frequency of liver injury from fluoroquinolones have been 1:15,000 to 1:25,000 exposed persons. Delafloxacin has been in clinical use for a short time only, but is likely to have a similar frequency and pattern of liver injury as the other fluoroquinolones.
The typical presentation of fluoroquinolone associated liver injury is with a short latency (1 day to 3 weeks) and abrupt onset with nausea, fatigue, abdominal pain and jaundice. The pattern of serum enzyme elevations can be either hepatocellular or cholestatic, cases with the shorter times to onset usually being more hepatocellular. In addition, the onset of illness may occur a few days after the medication is stopped. Many (but not all) cases have prominent allergic manifestations with fever and rash, and the liver injury may occur in the context of a generalized hypersensitivity reaction. Autoantibodies are usually not present. Most reported cases of liver injury from fluoroquinolones have been mild and self-limited, with recovery in 4 to 8 weeks from onset. However, the fatality rate of cases with jaundice has been greater than 10%. In addition, cases with a cholestatic pattern of serum enzymes may run a prolonged course and, in rare instances, have progressed to chronic vanishing bile duct syndrome leading to liver failure. Nevertheless, delafloxacin is a relatively recently introduced antibiotic and has yet to be convincingly linked to instances of acute hepatitis or jaundice.
Likelihood score: E* (unproven but suspected cause of clinically apparent liver injury).
◉ Summary of Use during Lactation:No information is available on the use of delafloxacin during breastfeeding. Fluoroquinolones have traditionally not been used in infants because of concern about adverse effects on the infants' developing joints. However, recent studies indicate little risk. The calcium in milk might prevent absorption of fluoroquinolones in milk, but insufficient data exist to prove or disprove this assertion. Use of delafloxacin is acceptable in nursing mothers. However, it is preferable to use an alternate drug for which safety information is available.
◉ Effects in Breastfed Infants:Relevant published information was not found as of the revision date.
◉ Effects on Lactation and Breastmilk:Relevant published information was not found as of the revision date.
来源:Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed)
毒理性
蛋白质结合
德拉氟沙星与人类血浆蛋白的结合率为84%,主要与血清白蛋白结合。
Delafloxacin is 84% bound to human plasma proteins. It primarily binds to serum albumin.
The median time to peak plasma concentration for orally administered Delafloxacin is 0.75 (0.5-4.0) hours after a single dose and 1.00 (0.5-6.0) hours for steady state dosing. The median time to peak plasma concentration for intravenously administered Delafloxacin is 1.00 (1.0-1.2) hours for a single dose and 1.0 (1.0-1.0) hour for steady state dosing. The absolute bioavailability for orally administed Delafloxacin is 58.8%.
After a single intravenous dose, 65% of Delafloxacin was excreted in the urine either unchanged or as glucuronide metabolites with 28% excreted unchanged in the feces. After a single oral dose, 50% of Delafloxacin was excreted in the urine either unchanged or as glucuronide metabolites with 48% excreted unchanged in the feces.
来源:DrugBank
吸收、分配和排泄
分布容积
德拉氟沙星的稳态分布容积为30-48升。
The steady sate volume of distrubution of Delafloxacin is 30-48 liters.
来源:DrugBank
吸收、分配和排泄
清除
Delafloxacin的平均总清除率为每小时16.3升。肾清除率占总清除率的35-45%。
The mean total clearance of Delafloxacin is 16.3 liters per hour. Renal clearance accounts for 35-45% of total clearance.
Pyridonecarboxylic acid derivatives or their salts and antibacterial
申请人:Wakunaga Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd.
公开号:US05998436A1
公开(公告)日:1999-12-07
A pyridonecarboxylic acid derivative represented by the following general formula (1): ##STR1## [wherein R.sup.1 represents hydrogen atom or a carboxyl protective group; R.sup.2 represents hydroxyl group, a lower alkoxy group, or a substituted or unsubstituted amino group; R.sup.3 represents hydrogen atom or a halogen atom; R.sup.4 represents hydrogen atom or a halogen atom; R.sup.5 represents a halogen atom or an optionally substituted saturated cyclic amino group; R.sup.6 represents hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, nitro group, or an optionally protected amino group; X, Y and Z may be the same or different and respectively represent nitrogen atom, --CH.dbd. or --CR.sup.7 .dbd. (wherein R.sup.7 represents a lower alkyl group, a halogen atom, or cyano group) (with the proviso that at least one of X, Y and Z represent the nitrogen atom), and W represents nitrogen atom or --CR.sup.8 .dbd. (wherein R.sup.8 represents hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a lower alkyl group)] or its salt, as well as an antibacterial agent containing such compound are provided.
Chlorination at the 8-Position of a Functionalized Quinolone and the Synthesis of Quinolone Antibiotic ABT-492
作者:David M. Barnes、Alan C. Christesen、Kenneth M. Engstrom、Anthony R. Haight、Margaret C. Hsu、Elaine C. Lee、Matthew J. Peterson、Daniel J. Plata、Prasad S. Raje、Eric J. Stoner、Jason S. Tedrow、Seble Wagaw
DOI:10.1021/op0600557
日期:2006.7.1
The total synthesis of quinolone antibiotic ABT-492 has been achieved in 67% yield over nine steps from 2,4,5-trifluorobenzoic acid. The highlights of this synthesis include a novel chemoselective chlorination at the 8-position of a highly elaborated quinolone core. In addition, a Lewis acid promoted cyclization reaction to form the quinolone heterocycle was developed which was incorporated into a