A NEW APPROACH TO (±)-LEUKOTRIENE A<sub>4</sub>METHYL ESTER
作者:Sadao Tsuboi、Toshihide Masuda、Akira Takeda
DOI:10.1246/cl.1983.1829
日期:1983.12.5
A stereoselective synthesis of (2E,4Z,7Z)-2,4,7-tridecatrienol, a key intermediate in the synthesis of leukotriene A4methylester, is established via alumina-promoted rearrangement of ethyl (7Z)-3,4,7-tridecatrienoate to ethyl (2E,4Z,7Z)-2,4,7-tridecatrienoate as a key step.
Chemo-enzymatic enantio-convergent asymmetric total synthesis of (S)-(+)-dictyoprolene using a kinetic resolution—stereoinversion protocol
作者:Andreas Wallner、Harald Mang、Silvia M. Glueck、Andreas Steinreiber、Sandra F. Mayer、Kurt Faber
DOI:10.1016/s0957-4166(03)00481-6
日期:2003.8
A single enantiomer of a (stereo)chemically labile allylic-homoallylic alcohol was obtained in 91% e.e. and 96% yield from the racemate by employing a lipase-catalysed kinetic resolution coupled to in situ inversion under carefully controlled (Mitsunobu) conditions in order to Suppress side reactions, such as elimination and racemisation. This technique was Successfully applied to an enantio-convergent asymmetric total synthesis of the algal fragrance component (S)-dictyoprolene. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Independent Synthesis, Solution Behavior, and Studies on the Mechanism of Formation of a Primary Amine-Derived Fluorophore Representing Cross-linking of Proteins by (<i>E</i>)-4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal
作者:Guozhang Xu、Yahua Liu、Lawrence M. Sayre
DOI:10.1021/jo982523j
日期:1999.8.1
Lipid peroxidation in aging and degenerative disease results in the production of 4-hydroxy-2-alkenals that modify proteins and give rise to both protein cross-linking and fluorophore generation. Recent model studies demonstrated that the major ex/em 360/430 fluorophore formed from (E)-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) or (E)-4-hydroxy-2-hexenal (HHE) and protein lysine-based amine is a 2-alkyl-2-hydroxy-1,2-dihydropyrrol-3-one iminium 1:2 cross-link (1), a structure that is further confirmed here using N-15-labeling, and which has pH stability characteristics the same as those of lipofuscin pigments isolated from human tissues. Fluorophore generation represents an overall four-electron oxidation, requires dioxygen, and is enhanced by the presence of Cu(II). The HNE-propylamine-derived fluorophore 1a was independently synthesized from either 3,4-dioxononanal (8) or (E)-4-oxo-2-nonenal (13), providing further evidence for its assigned structure and clues to how it forms from HNE. Mechanistic studies on HNE-derived fluorophore formation permit ruling out the initial reversible HNE-derived Schiff base Michael adduct (17) as an intermediate. In addition, the structurally related non-cross-link 2-pentyl-2-hydroxy-1,2-dihydropyrrol-3-one 9a that forms along with 1a from 8 does not form from HNE and does: not serve as a precursor to la in the HNE-amine reaction system. A mechanism involving two 2e oxidations following initial Schiff base formation is proposed that is consistent with intermediates independently accessed from 8 and 13.
NONOSHITA, KATSUMASA;BANNO, HIROSHI;MARUOKA, KEIJI;YAMAMOTO, HISASHI, J. AMER. CHEM. SOC., 112,(1990) N, C. 316-322