Alectinib is metabolized by CYP3A4 to its major active metabolite M4. M4 is then further metabolized by CYP3A4. Both alectinib and M4 demonstrate similar in vivo and in vitro activity. In vitro studies suggest that alectinib is not a substrate for P-gp while M4 is.
In preregistration trials of alectinib, ALT elevations occurred in up to 50% of patients, but values above 5 times the upper limit of normal (ULN) were found in only 1% to 4%. Alectinib therapy was also associated with frequent elevations in alkaline phosphatase (47%) and bilirubin (39%), but these abnormalities were usually mild-to-moderate in degree, as well as asymptomatic and transient in nature. Clinically apparent liver injury with jaundice was rare, but cases were reported and at least 2% of alectinib treated subjects discontinued therapy early because of severe liver test abnormalities. The clinical features of these episodes were not reported and, since its approval and more widescale use, there have been no published cases of liver injury attributable to alectinib therapy. Use of this agent, however, has been limited. Thus, alectinib has been reported to cause liver injury that can be clinically significant and require drug discontinuation, but the clinical features of the injury have not been well defined and their relationship to treatment not definitively shown.
The most common adverse reactions (>5%) associated with alectinib use were fatigue, constipation, edema, and myalgia. Less common effects associated with use were hepatotoxicity, interstitial lung disease (ILD)/pneumonitis, bradycardia, severe myalgia and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) elevation, and embryo-fetal toxicity. Females of reproductive potential are advised to use effective contraception during treatment with alectinib and for 1 week following the final dose.
来源:DrugBank
毒理性
蛋白质结合
阿雷替尼及其主要代谢物M4与人类血浆蛋白的结合率超过99%。
Alectinib and its major metabolite M4 are >99% bound to human plasma proteins.
Alectinib reached maximal concentrations at 4 hours following administration of 600 mg twice daily under fed conditions in patients with ALK-positive NSCLC. The absolute bioavailability was 37% in the fed state. A high-fat, high-calorie meal increased the combined exposure of alectinib and its major metabolite M4 by 3.1-fold following oral administration of a single 600 mg dose.
When radioactively labeled, 98% of radioactivity was found in feces with 84% of that amount excreted as unchanged alectinib and 6% as M4. Less than 0.5% was found to be recovered in urine.
来源:DrugBank
吸收、分配和排泄
分布容积
4016 L
4016 L
来源:DrugBank
吸收、分配和排泄
清除
阿雷替尼的表观清除率为81.9升/小时，M4的为217升/小时。
The apparent clearance is 81.9L/hr for alectinib and 217 L/hr for M4.
间变性淋巴瘤激酶（ALK）受体酪氨酸激酶被认为是人类癌症，尤其是非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）的有吸引力的治疗靶标。我们以前的研究表明，6,6-二甲基-11-氧代-6,11-二氢-5 H-苯并[ b ]咔唑支架的8,9侧链会严重影响激酶的选择性，细胞活性和代谢稳定性。在这项工作中，我们优化了侧链，并确定了具有高度选择性，口服活性且有效的ALK抑制剂CH5424802（18a）作为临床候选药物。
Late-Stage Carbon Isotope Exchange of Aryl Nitriles through Ni-Catalyzed C–CN Bond Activation
作者：Sean W. Reilly、Yu-hong Lam、Sumei Ren、Neil A. Strotman
DOI：10.1021/jacs.1c01454
日期：2021.3.31
strategy employs labeled Zn(CN)2 to facilitate enrichment using the nonlabeled parent compound as the starting material, eliminating de novo synthesis for precursor development. A broad substrate scope encompassing multiple pharmaceuticals is disclosed, including the preparation of [14C] belzutifan to illustrate the exceptional functional group tolerance and utility of this labeling approach. Preliminary
描述了使用 Ni 膦催化剂和 BPh 3与芳基、杂芳基和烯基腈进行13 CN 和14 CN 交换的简便一锅法。这种后期碳同位素交换 (CIE) 策略采用标记的 Zn(CN) 2来促进使用未标记的母体化合物作为起始材料的富集，从而消除了前体开发的从头合成。公开了涵盖多种药物的广泛底物范围，包括制备 [ 14 C] belzutifan 以说明这种标记方法的特殊官能团耐受性和实用性。初步实验和计算研究表明路易斯酸 BPh 3对氧化加成步骤并不重要，而是在促进 Ni 上的 CN 交换方面发挥作用。这种 CIE 方法显着减少了制备用于临床开发的14 C 标记示踪剂所涉及的合成步骤和放射性废物。
[EN] COMBINATION OF CHIMERIC ANTIGEN RECEPTOR THERAPY AND AMINO PYRIMIDINE DERIVATIVES<br/>[FR] THÉRAPIE COMBINÉE PAR RÉCEPTEUR ANTIGÉNIQUE CHIMÉRIQUE ET DÉRIVÉS D'AMINO PYRIMIDINE
申请人：NOVARTIS AG
公开号：WO2016164580A1
公开（公告）日：2016-10-13
The invention provides compositions and methods for treating diseases associated with expression of CD19, e.g., by administering a recombinant T cell comprising the CD19 CAR as described herein, in combination with a BTK inhibitor, e.g., an amino pyrimidine derivative described herein. The invention also provides kits and compositions described herein.
[EN] SUBSTITUTED PYRAZOLYL[4,3-C]PYRIDINECOMPOUNDS AS RET KINASE INHIBITORS<br/>[FR] COMPOSÉS DE PYRAZOLYL[4,3-C]PYRIDINE SUBSTITUÉS UTILISÉS EN TANT QU'INHIBITEURS DE LA KINASE RET
申请人：ARRAY BIOPHARMA INC
公开号：WO2019143994A1
公开（公告）日：2019-07-25
Provided herein are compounds of the Formula I: and tautomers and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein R1, R2 and R3 have the meanings given in the specification, which are inhibitors of RET kinase and are useful in the treatment and prevention of diseases which can be treated with a RET kinase inhibitor, including RET-associated diseases and disorders.
A compound represented by the general Formula (I) below, or a salt or solvate thereof, which is useful as an ALK inhibitor, and is useful for prophylaxis or treatment of a disease accompanied by abnormality in ALK, for example, cancer, cancer metastasis, depression or cognitive function disorder:
(meanings of the symbols that are included in the formula are as given in the specification).
[EN] SUBSTITUTED PYRAZOLO[1,5-a]PYRAZINE COMPOUNDS AS RET KINASE INHIBITORS<br/>[FR] COMPOSÉS DE PYRAZOLO[1,5-A]PYRAZINE SUBSTITUÉS UTILISÉS EN TANT QU'INHIBITEURS DE LA KINASE RET
申请人：ANDREWS STEVEN W
公开号：WO2018136661A1
公开（公告）日：2018-07-26
Provided herein are compounds of the Formula I: and stereoisomers and pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates thereof, in which A, B, D, E, X1, X2, X3 and X4 have the meanings given in the specification, which are inhibitors of RET kinase and are useful in the treatment and prevention of diseases which can be treated with a RET kinase inhibitor, including diseases or disorders mediated by a RET kinase.
