NIOSH REL: TWA 1 ppm (0.25 mg/m3), IDLH 10 ppm; OSHA PEL: TWA
0.25 ppm; ACGIH TLV: TWA 0.25 ppm with an intended change of 0.1 ppm.
介电常数:
51.0(60℃)
LogP:
-2.61 at 20℃
物理描述:
Maleic anhydride appears as colorless crystalline needles, flakes, pellets, rods, briquettes, lumps or a fused mass. Melts at 113°F. Shipped both as a solid and in the molten state. Vapors, fumes and dusts strong irritate the eyes, skin and mucous membranes. Flash point 218°F. Autoignition temperature 890°F. Used to make paints and plastics and other chemicals.
颜色/状态:
Orthorhombic needles from chloroform; commercial grades furnished in fused form, as briquettes
气味:
Pungent odor
蒸汽密度:
3.38 (Air = 1)
蒸汽压力:
2.5X10-1 mm Hg at 25 °C
亨利常数:
Henry's Law constant = 3.9X10-6 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C (est)
Maleic anhydride decomposes exothermically, evolving carbon dioxide in the presence of dimethylamine, triethylamine, pyridine, or quinoline at temperatures above 150 °C.
粘度:
Viscosity in mPa.s (cP): 0.61 at 60 °C; 1.07 at 90 °C; 0.6 at 150 °C
Maleic anhydride is probably hydrolyzed to maleic acid and then hydroxylated to malic acid, which participates in the Krebs cycle or may be excreted unchanged or in conjugated form. Maleic acid is an antimetabolite of fumaric acid.
IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Maleic anhydride is a solid substance appearing as colorless needles or white crystalline solid. Maleic anhydride is an intermediate, which is used in a wide range of products, mainly in the manufacture of unsaturated polyester resins. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Maleic anhydride is irritating to skin in humans. Severe skin burns and itching have been reported following dermal contact. Dust or vapor has been reported to cause conjunctivitis, inflammation and swelling of the eyelids, severe lacrymation and photophobia. Case reports of respiratory irritation, and feelings of nasal irritation and pulmonary discomfort in a volunteer study indicate that maleic anhydride is a respiratory irritant. In the volunteer study, impairment of smell was also reported. A single worker showed a positive skin reaction to a patch test, indicating that skin sensitisation was present. Repeated exposure of workers is associated with asthma as evidenced by a number of case reports. It is not known if the asthma has an immunological background. ANIMAL STUDIES: Inhalation exposure for 6 hours to up to 199 mg/cu m of maleic anhydride vapor did not cause mortality in rats. At the highest concentration, signs of eye and nose irritation were observed. Direct contact with maleic anhydride powder caused severe skin irritation in rabbits, and a 1% solution was highly irritating to their eyes. The principal effects identified in four-week and six-month inhalation studies in rats, hamsters, and Rhesus monkeys were lesions in the respiratory tract including the nose, trachea and lungs. In two rat studies (90 days or 90 and 183 days), dietary administration of maleic anhydride resulted in nephritis. In a two-generation rat study with gavage administration, no effects on fertility were found, however the pregnancy rate of the control group was exceptionally low (50-70%). The only developmental effect seen was a slight reduction in body-weight of pups from the first litter of the first generation, at this dose level (150 mg/kg b.w./day) severe toxicity including mortality was found in the parental animals. Maleic anhydride was negative in the Ames test. An in vitro chromosome aberration test showed a positive effect. An in vivo chromosome aberration test was negative. No treatment-related differences in tumor incidence were found in a dietary carcinogenicity study in rats. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: Median tolerance limit for Gambusia affinis (mosquitofish) was found to be 240 mg/L/24 or 48 hr and 230 mg/L/96 hr in a static test done in pond water of high turbidity; 20-23 °C, pH 5.8-8.0, aerated; fish treated with terramycin to prevent or treat tail-rot disease. The LC100 was 320 mg/L/24 hr.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
致癌性证据
A4;不能归类为人类致癌物。
A4; Not classifiable as a human carcinogen.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
暴露途径
该物质可以通过吸入其气溶胶、通过皮肤和经口摄入被身体吸收。
The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol, through the skin and by ingestion.
来源:ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
毒理性
暴露途径
吸入,吞食,皮肤和/或眼睛接触
inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact
来源:The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
Dogs were fed 60 mg/kg/day maleic anhydride for 990 days. The plasma levels of maleic anhydride were determined. An uptake rate constant of 3.49X10-3/day and an elimination rate constant of 8.32X10-2/day were calculated assuming a one compartment model. According to the model 99% of steady state was reached by day 55 of the study. The dogs were maintained at steady state for the final 35 days of study.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
该物质可以通过吸入其气溶胶、通过皮肤和经口摄入被身体吸收。
The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol, through the skin and by ingestion.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
在大鼠单次吸入研究中观察到了中枢神经系统抑制的迹象,表明可以通过这种途径吸收。
Signs of central nervous system depression were observed in rats in a single-dose inhalation study, indicating that absorption occurs via this route.
A study of plasma levels in dogs following long-term (90 days) dietary administration of maleic anhydride at a concentration of 60 mg/kg b.w indicates that the substance is absorbed via this route. Plasma concentrations were measured on day 1, 3, 12, 29 and 90. It was calculated that a steady plasma level was reached after 55 days. In male dogs the plasma concentration was 1.8-3.5 ug/L
1.周国泰,化学危险品安全技术全书,化学工业出版社,1997 2.国家环保局有毒化学品管理办公室、北京化工研究院合编,化学品毒性法规环境数据手册,中国环境科学出版社.1992 3.Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety,CHEMINFO Database.1998 4.Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety, RTECS Database, 1989
Provided are cyclic hydrocarbons of Formula I ##STR1## with an aminoalkyl sidechain that are useful for treating phospholipase A2 mediated conditions, diabetes, and obesity.
Reversible covalent linkage of functional molecules
申请人:Smith Mark
公开号:US09295729B2
公开(公告)日:2016-03-29
The present invention relates to the use of a compound containing a moiety of formula (I) as a reagent for linking a compound of formula R1—H which comprises a first functional moiety of formula F1 to a second functional moiety of formula F2
wherein X, X′, Y, R1, F1 and F2 are as defined herein. The present invention also provides related processes and products. The present invention is useful for creating functional conjugate compounds, and specifically conjugates in which at least one of the constituent molecules carries a thiol group.
Catalytic Azido‐Hydrazination of Alkenes Enabled by Visible Light: Mechanistic Studies and Synthetic Applications
作者:Peng Wang、Yunxuan Luo、Songsong Zhu、Dengfu Lu、Yuefa Gong
DOI:10.1002/adsc.201901041
日期:2019.12.17
visible‐light‐enabled catalytic intermolecular azido‐hydrazination method for unactivated alkenes is developed via an orderly radical addition sequence. This transformation features metal‐free and redox‐neutral conditions and is applicable to a wide range of alkenes with commercially available reagents. Mechanistic and kinetic studies reveal that the efficient generation of azide radical enabled by fluorenone
[EN] A CONJUGATE OF A TUBULYSIN ANALOG WITH BRANCHED LINKERS<br/>[FR] CONJUGUÉ D'UN ANALOGUE DE TUBULYSINE AVEC DES LIEURS RAMIFIÉS
申请人:HANGZHOU DAC BIOTECH CO LTD
公开号:WO2019127607A1
公开(公告)日:2019-07-04
The present invention relates to the conjugation of a tubulysin analog compound to a cell-binding molecule with branched/side-chain linkers for having better delivery of the conjugate compound and targeted treatment of abnormal cells. It also relates to a branched-linkage method of conjugation of a tubulysin analog molecule to a cell-binding ligand, as well as methods of using the conjugate in targeted treatment of cancer, infection and autoimmune disease.