Methyl acrylate, stabilized is a colorless volatile liquid with an acrid odor. Flash point 27°F. Vapors may irritate the eyes and respiratory system. Highly toxic by inhalation, ingestion and skin absorption. Less dense than water (0.957 gm / cm3) and slightly soluble in water, hence floats on water. Vapors heavier than air.
颜色/状态：
Colorless volatile liquid
气味：
Acrid odor
溶解度：
In water, 4.94X10+4 mg/L at 25 °C
蒸汽密度：
3 (NTP, 1992) (Relative to Air)
蒸汽压力：
VP: 65 Torr at 20 °C
亨利常数：
Henry's Law constant = 1.99X10-4 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C (est)
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions: Carbon oxides
粘度：
0.517 cP at 60 °F
燃烧热：
502.88 kcal/mol
汽化热：
8.25 kcal/mol
表面张力：
24.2 dynes/cm = 24.2 dynes/cm = 0.0242 N/m at 20 °C
电离电位：
9.90 eV
聚合：
Hazardous polymerization may occur above 70 °F (21 °C). Usually contains inhibitors to prevent polymerization ... Polymerization may be caused by elevated temperature, oxidizers, peroxides. /Methyl acrylate, inhibited/
Conjugation with sulfhydryl groups appears to be an important detoxification process for methyl acrylate in the guinea-pig. The thioethers were identified as N-acetyl-S-(2- carboxyethyl)-L-cysteine and the corresponding monomethyl ester, with a ratio between the two metabolites of 20:1. In male rats exposed to methyl acrylate by inhalation, depletion of nonprotein sulfhydryl compounds was most pronounced in the lung, compared to liver, kidney and blood. After administration of methyl acrylate to Wistar rats, no hydroxymercapturic acid that might be derived from the epoxide of methyl acrylate was detected. It seems unlikely, therefore, that epoxidation of the acrylic esters occurs in vivo
/Researchers/ studied the biotransformation of methyl acrylate in rats. The total amount of thioesters in urine was low, with increased levels of two mercapturic acids (2-carboethylmercapturic and 2 alkoxycarbonyl ethyl mercapturic acids); this suggests the presence of unidentified sulfur-containing metabolites. These observation confirm findings of /another study/ that rats administered methyl acrylate intraperitoneally 5 days/week for 3 weeks produced significant amounts of mercapturic acids in urine; this was postulated to be due to a Michael-type reaction, such that during the biotransformation of methyl acrylate, glutathione is added to the ethylene group.
Acrylates and methacrylates are detoxified predominantly via conjugation with glutathione via the Michael addition reaction or glutathione-S-transferase. They are also likely to be hydrolyzed via carboxylesterases. The lower molecular weight esters are rapidly metabolized and eliminated, therefore, will not likely cause cumulative toxicity.
Methylacrylate is hydrolyzed to acrylic acid in rat liver, kidney, and lung homogenates. Disappearance in blood in vitro could be due at least in part to binding with nonprotein sulfhydryls in RBC rather than to hydrolysis.
IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Methyl acrylate is a colorless volatile liquid. It's primary use is production of acrylic and modacrylic fibers, also used as a comonomer with acrylonitrile in such fibers. It is used in dental, medical, and pharmaceutical sciences. Utilized as monomer, polymer, or copolymer, as microencapsulation mixture component or for polymerization of radioactive waste, as resin in purification and decolorization of industrial effluents or aid in timed release and disintegration of pesticides. HUMAN STUDIES: Methyl acrylate is an irritant in patients at 20 pph in olive oil. It is also an allergen. Because of its irritating properties, the concentration of 2 pph is proposed for allergenic investigation, a risk of sensitization due to test repetition exists. Methyl acrylate is highly irritating to the GI tract. Chronic absorption may affect liver and kidney tissue. A case has been documented where a dose of 1000 mg/kg administered subcutaneously proved to be fatal. Methyl acrylate in nail lacquer has been suggested to be a possible cause of contact dermatitis. ANIMAL STUDIES: Methyl acrylate is a reversible irritant to skin and mucous membranes. In guinea pigs, topical application of methyl acrylate causes skin sensitization, with cross reactivity to other acrylates and related compounds. Researchers exposed rats, rabbits, guinea pigs, and one monkey to methyl acrylate in air for up to 7 hours at varying concentrations for 1 to 130 days. No deaths were reported in rabbits or guinea pigs at 95 ppm, in rats at 237 ppm, or in monkeys at 31 ppm. Deaths occurred in rabbits and guinea pigs inhaling 237 ppm and in rats at 578 ppm. All animals exposed to the highest concentrations suffered from irritation of mucous membranes, lethargy, dyspnea, and convulsion. Single oral dose of 280 mg/kg bw to rabbits resulted in fatal poisoning, characterized by dyspnea, cyanosis, convulsions, and hypothermia. Oral administration to male rats of 86 and 172 mg/kg methyl acrylate by gavage resulted in dose-dependent gastric toxicity. Topical application caused in rats and mice hyperemia, hemorrhages, and sores. A 2-year inhalation study of male and female rats was carried out 6 hr/day, 5 days/wk in whole body inhalation chambers at 0, 15, 45, or 135 ppm of methyl acrylate. Statistically significant increases in benign hypophyseal tumors were reported for both sexes, and epithelial and leukemic neoplasms were found in the male rats. However, there was no dose-response relationship. Fetal toxicity, indicated by reduced fetal body weight, was observed after exposure to 100 ppm methyl acrylate in the presence of maternal toxicity. Methyl acrylate does not appear to induce detectable gene mutations in bacteria; it does induce micronuclei in mammals in vivo at toxic dosages, and it induces mutations and chromosomal aberrations in mammalian cells at levels causing high cytotoxicity in vitro. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: Toxicity tests were conducted using freshwater and marine fish, invertebrates, and algae. Effect concentrations (LC50 or EC50) for fish and invertebrates using methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, and butyl acrylate ranged from 1.1 to 8.2 mg/L.
CLASSIFICATION: D; not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity. BASIS FOR CLASSIFICATION: Based on inadequate evidence of carcinogenicity in animals and no human data. HUMAN CARCINOGENICITY DATA: None. ANIMAL CARCINOGENICITY DATA: Inadequate.
Evaluation: No epidemiological data relevant to the carcinogenicity of methyl acrylate were available. There is inadequate evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of methyl acrylate. Overall evaluation: Methyl acrylate is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans (Group 3).
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
致癌物分类
国际癌症研究机构致癌物：甲基丙烯酸甲酯
IARC Carcinogenic Agent:Methyl acrylate
来源:International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)
吸收、分配和排泄
它很容易被粘膜吸收，也可以通过完整的皮肤吸收。
It is readily absorbed by mucous membranes and through the intact skin.
Whole-body autoradiology was performed in the guinea pigs with 2,3-(14)C-labeled methyl acrylate. 2,3-(14)C-methyl acrylate quickly disappeared from guinea pigs after oral and, somewhat slower, after ip admin. After admin in a closed cup on skin a slow penetration in dermis occurred. Internal organs showed a slow rise in radioactivity.
Organ damage was observed in test animals when they were exposed to methyl and ethyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate vapors. This shows that acrylate compounds are absorbed from the lungs. Ethyl acrylate vapor was efficiently absorbed from the lungs of the rat (63% on an average); the proportion retained was the same at different concentration levels up to 1000 mg/cu m.
When guinea pigs were given radioactively labeled methyl acrylate intraperitoneally, about 35% of the dose was excreted in expired air as carbon dioxide in 3 days; the main part during the first few hours. Almost an equal proportion of the given dose was excreted in urine as thioethers in 3 days after administration.
Cell adhesion-inhibiting antiinflammatory and immune-suppressive compounds
申请人：Abbott Laboratories
公开号：US20040116518A1
公开（公告）日：2004-06-17
The present invention relates to novel cinnamide compounds that are useful for treating inflammatory and immune diseases and cerebral vasospasm, to pharmaceutical compositions containing these compounds, and to methods of inhibiting inflammation or suppressing immune response in a mammal.
Nickel(II) N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Versatile Catalysts for C–C, C–S and C–N Coupling Reactions
作者：Lourdes Benítez Junquera、Francys E. Fernández、M. Carmen Puerta、Pedro Valerga
DOI：10.1002/ejic.201700057
日期：2017.5.18
A variety of Ni(II) complexes with a wide range of electronic and steric properties, bearing picolyl-imidazolidene ligands (a-g) and Cp (2a-f) or Cp* (3a,c,g) groups, have been synthesised and characterised using NMR and single crystal X-ray crystallography. The complexes have been used as precatalysts for a wide range of catalytic transformations most likely involving a Ni0/NiII catalytic cycle. In
The invention relates to antibacterial compounds of formula (I), wherein R
1
is H, halogen, (C
1
-C
3
)alkyl or (C
1
-C
3
)alkoxy; R
2
is H, halogen, (C
1
-C
3
)alkyl, (C
1
-C
3
)alkoxy or pyrrolidin-1-yl; R
3
is H, halogen, (C
1
-C
3
)alkyl, (C
1
-C
3
)alkoxy, vinyl or 2-methoxycarbonyvinyl or R
2
and R
3
together with the two carbon atoms which bear them form a phenyl ring; R
4
is H, halogen, (C
1
-C
3
)alkyl or (C
1
-C
3
)alkoxy; and R
5
is H, (C
1
-C
3
)alkyl or cyclopropyl, or R
4
and R
5
form together a —CH
2
CH
2
CH
2
— group; A is the divalent group —CH
2
—, —CH
2
CH
2
—, #—CH(OH)CH
2
—*, #—CH
2
N(R
6
)—* and —CH
2
NHCH
2
—, wherein # indicates the point of attachment to the optionally substituted (quinazoline-2,4-dione-3-yl)methyl residue and * represents the point of attachment to the substituted (oxazolidinon-4-yl)methyl residue; R
6
is H or acetyl; Y is CH or N; and Q is O or S; and salts of such compounds.
2‐Pyridyl Sulfoxide: A Versatile and Removable Directing Group for the Pd
<sup>II</sup>
‐Catalyzed Direct CH Olefination of Arenes
作者：Alfonso García‐Rubia、M. Ángeles Fernández‐Ibáñez、Ramón Gómez Arrayás、Juan Carlos Carretero
DOI：10.1002/chem.201003633
日期：2011.3.21
Removable and versatile: The 2‐pyridylsulfinyl group has proved to be an efficient directinggroup in the PdII‐catalyzed aryl ortho CH olefination. This catalyst system enables the sequential double olefination to give asymmetrically di‐ortho‐functionalized arenes. The sulfinyl directinggroup can be easily cleaved, providing access to 1,3‐disubstituted arenes, or transformed into a thiol group.
Compounds that have agonist activity at one or more of the SlP receptors are provided. The compounds are sphingosine analogs that, after phosphorylation, can behave as agonists at SlP receptors.
