解毒药
具有阻止毒物吸收和缓解毒效作用的药物，主要分为一般性解毒药和特异性解毒药两大类。
一般性解毒药根据其作用方式的不同，又可分为物理性和化学性两类。物理性解毒药包括吸附药如活性炭、粘膜保护药如淀粉糊、蛋清和牛奶以及沉淀剂如鞣酸溶液等。化学性解毒药则包括氧化剂如高锰酸钾、中和剂如醋酸溶液、氢氧化铝凝胶和碳酸氢钠溶液，还有沉淀剂如碘酒水溶液和硫酸酮水溶液等。
特异性解毒药的具体应用详见专门条目。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 谷胱甘肽 | GLUTATHIONE | 70-18-8 | C10H17N3O6S |
|
| 纳洛酮 | Naloxone | 465-65-6 | C19H21NO4 |
|
| 纳曲酮 | Naltrexone | 16590-41-3 | C20H23NO4 |
|
| 盐酸纳洛酮 | naloxone hydrochloride | 357-08-4 | C19H21NO4*ClH |
|
| 盐酸纳曲酮 | naltrexone Hydrochloride | 16676-29-2 | C20H23NO4*ClH |
|
| 甲磺酸去铁敏 | deferoxamine mesylate | 138-14-7 | CH3O3S*C25H49N6O8 |
|
| 氨磷汀三水合物 | Amifostine trihydrate | 112901-68-5 | C5H21N2O6PS |
|
| 氨磷汀一水物 | amifostine trihydrate | 63717-27-1 | C5H15N2O3PS*3H2O |
|
| 氨磷汀 | amifostine | 20537-88-6 | C5H15N2O3PS |
|
| 氢溴酸烯丙吗啡 | 17-allyl-4,5α-epoxy-morphin-7-ene-3,6α-diol; hydrobromide | 1041-90-3 | BrH*C19H21NO3 |
|
| 氟马西尼 | flumazenil | 78755-81-4 | C15H14FN3O3 |
|
| 巯基乙胺 | Cysteamine | 60-23-1 | C2H7NS |
|
| 四氢氨基吖啶 | tacrine monohydrochloride | 1684-40-8 | C13H14N2*ClH |
|
| 吡啶-2-甲醛肟氯甲烷盐 | pralidoxime chloride | 51-15-0 | C7H9N2O*Cl |
|
| 去铁胺 | deferoxamine | 70-51-9 | C25H48N6O8 |
|
| 亚甲基蓝 | Methylene Blue trihydrate | 7220-79-3 | C16H24ClN3O3S |
|
| 亚甲基蓝 | methylene blue | 7220-79-3 | C16H18N3S*Cl*3H2O |
|
| 二硫化四乙基秋兰姆 | disulfiram | 97-77-8 | C10H20N2S4 |
|
| 二巯基丙磺酸钠 | 2,3-dimercaptopropane-1-sulphonic acid | 74-61-3 | C3H8O3S3 |
|
| 二巯丁二钠 | Sodium dimercaptosuccinate | 71799-86-5 | C4H5NaO4S2 |
|
| 二乙烯三胺五醋酸 | diethylenetriaminopentaacetic acid | 67-43-6 | C14H23N3O10 |
|
| 乙酰胺 | acetamide | 60-35-5 | C2H5NO |
|
| 乙二胺四乙酸 | ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid | 60-00-4 | C10H16N2O8 |
|
| 三乙烯四胺 | triethylentetramine | 112-24-3 | C6H18N4 |
|
| N-羟乙基乙二胺三乙酸 | N-(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediaminetriacetic acid | 150-39-0 | C10H18N2O7 |
|
| N,N-二甲基-N'-苯磺酰胺 | N,N-Dimethyl-N'-phenylsulfamid | 4710-17-2 | C8H12N2O2S |
|
| D-青霉胺 | 3,3-dimethyl-D-cysteine | 771431-20-0 | C5H11NO2S |
|
| 9-胺-1,2,3,4-四氢盐酸氯酯 | tacrin | 321-64-2 | C13H14N2 |
|
| 2,3-二巯基丙磺酸钠 | 4076-02-2 | C3H8NaO3S3 |
|
|
| 2,3-二巯基丁二酸 | 2,3-dimercapto-succinic acid | 2418-14-6 | C4H6O4S2 |
|
| 2,3-二巯基-1-丙醇 | 2,3-dimercaptopropanol | 59-52-9 | C3H8OS2 |
|
| —— | 1,1'-(Oxybis(methylene))bis(4-((hydroxyimino)methyl)pyridin-1-ium) chloride | 114-90-9 | C14H16Cl2N4O3 |
|
| —— | 1-Methyl-2-(nitrosomethylidene)-1,2-dihydropyridine--hydrogen iodide (1/1) | 94-63-3 | C7H9IN2O |
|
| —— | naltrexone hydrochloride | 16590-41-3 | C20H23NO4 |
|
| —— | naloxone hydrochloride | 357-08-4 | C19H21NO4*ClH |
|
| —— | naloxone | 465-65-6 | C19H21NO4 |
|
| —— | unithiol | 4076-02-2 | C3H7O3S3*Na |
|
| —— | succimer | 304-55-2 | C4H6O4S2 |
|
| —— | toxogonin | 114-90-9 | C14H16N4O3*2Cl |
|
| —— | pralidoxime iodide | 94-63-3 | C7H9N2O*I |
|
| —— | naltrexone hydrochloride | 465-65-6 | C19H21NO4 |
|
| —— | glutathion | 70-18-8 | C10H17N3O6S |
|
| —— | naltrexone | 16590-41-3 | C20H23NO4 |
|
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