Chemical analysis of succimer and its metabolites (primarily mixed disulfides of L-cysteine) in the urine showed that succimer was rapidly and extensively metabolized however the specific site of biotransformation is not known.
/Two/ subjects were given DMSA at 10 mg/kg orally, and urine samples were collected at 1, 2, 4, 6, 9 and 14 hr after administration. Samples were analyzed by HPLC, ion exchange, and TLC techniques. Most of the ingested DMSA was found in the urine in disulfide linkage with L-cysteine. Electrolytic reductive treatment, which breaks disulfide bonds, resulted in the conversion of the mixed disulfides to DMSA and L-cysteine. After the sulfhydryl group was derivatized and the bimane derivatives analyzed by HPLC and fluorescence, a high correlation between the excretion of L-cysteine and DMSA in the urine was evident. Four of the metabolites found in the urine contained L-cysteine and DMSA in different ratios. Results indicated that when DMSA is given orally to humans, it forms mixed disulfides with L-cysteine in preference to the formation of cyclic disulfides of DMSA. L-Cysteine preferentially forms these unique DMSA/mixed disulfides instead of the usual L-cystine. The amount of L-cysteine excreted in the urine as the mixed disulfides far exceeded the amount excreted as L-cystine. This increased excretion of L-cysteine caused by the DMSA exposure implied that a thiol-disulfide exchange between L-cystine and DMSA occurred and/or a direct reaction between L-cysteine and DMSA occurred to form more soluble mixed disulfides.
In clinical trials conducted in children with lead poisoning, serum aminotransferase levels elevations occurred in 7% of succimer- vs 4% of placebo-treated subjects. However, ALT levels above 5 times the upper limit of normal were rare (
In a study performed in healthy adult volunteers, after a single dose of (14)Csuccimer at 16, 32, or 48 mg/kg, absorption was rapid but variable with peak blood radioactivity levels between one and two hours. On average, 49% of the radiolabeled dose was excreted: 39% in the feces, 9% in the urine and 1% as carbon dioxide from the lungs. Since fecal excretion probably represented nonabsorbed drug, most of the absorbed drug was excreted by the kidneys. The apparent elimination half-life of the radiolabeled material in the blood was about two days.
In other studies of healthy adult volunteers receiving a single oral dose of 10 mg/kg, the chemical analysis of succimer and its metabolites in the urine showed that succimer was rapidly and extensively metabolized. Approximately 25% of the administered dose was excreted in the urine with the peak blood level and urinary excretion occurring between two and four hours. Of the total amount of drug eliminated in the urine, approximately 90% was eliminated in altered form as mixed succimer-cysteine disulfides; the remaining 10% was eliminated unchanged. The majority of mixed disulfides consisted of succimer in disulfide linkages with two molecules of L-cysteine, the remaining disulfides contained one L-cysteine per succimer molecule.
The urinary excretion of succimer (meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid) was studied following oral administration of 10 mg succimer/kg to 6 normal men, aged 22-31 yr. The succimer that was absorbed was extensively biotransformed. After 14 hr only 2.53% of the drug was excreted in the urine as unaltered succimer and 18.1% as altered forms. The unaltered succimer was 12% of the total succimer found in the urine. The altered form(s) of succimer was 88% of the total urinary succimer. The altered succimer can be converted to unaltered succimer by electrolytic reduction, which indicates that the altered forms of succimer are disulfides. The excretion of altered succimer reached a peak between 2 and 4 hr after administration. There were small but significant increases in the excretion of zinc, copper, and lead after succimer. The chelating agent did not influence the urinary excretion of 27 other metals and elements.
A Supramolecular Assembly of Organotin Complexes: Syntheses, Characterization and Crystal Structures of Organotin Complexes with
<i>meso</i>
‐2,3‐Dimercaptosuccinic Acid
作者:Chunlin Ma、Qingfu Zhang
DOI:10.1002/ejic.200600169
日期:2006.8
A series of two types of organotin complexes, namely [(R3Sn)4(dmsa)] (R = Ph 1, PhCH22, CH33, nBu 4; H4dmsa = meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid) and [(R2Sn)2(dmsa)(Y)]·L (R = Ph, Y = 2H2O, L = H2O, Et2O 5; R = PhCH26; R = CH37; R = nBu 8; R = nBu, Y = 0.5MeOH 9) have been synthesized. All complexes were characterized by elemental analysis and FT-IR and NMR (1H, 13C and 119Sn) spectroscopy. Among them
一系列两种类型的有机锡配合物,即 [(R3Sn)4(dmsa)] (R = Ph 1, PhCH22, CH33, nBu 4; H4dmsa = meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid) 和 [(R2Sn)2( dmsa)(Y)]·L (R = Ph, Y = 2H2O, L = H2O, Et2O 5; R = PhCH26; R = CH37; R = nBu 8; R = nBu, Y = 0.5MeOH 9) . 所有配合物均通过元素分析和 FT-IR 和 NMR(1H、13C 和 119Sn)光谱表征。其中,配合物 1、3、5 和 9 的结构也由 X 射线晶体学确定。结构分析表明配合物1和3为四核三有机锡单体,配合物5为双核二苯基锡单体,配合物9为具有金属-有机骨架结构的三维二正丁基锡配位聚合物。超分子结构分析表明,附着在锡原子上的有机取代基的类型可以
Amphiphilic bis(thiolato)-nickel(II), -palladium(II) and -platinum(II) complexes with diphosphine or phosphinoarsine ligands
作者:Penelope S. Jarrett、Orla M. Ni Dhubhghaill、Peter J. Sadler
DOI:10.1039/dt9930001863
日期:——
(derived from 1H–1H coupling constants) in mixed-ligand product from these reactions are discussed. The use of these thiolate ligands has enabled solubilisation of several complexes containing dppe or dadpe ligands in aqueous media. The cytotoxicities of dppe and dadpe complexes of Pd and Pt with dimercaptosuccinic acid were investigated.
Dithiol Aryl Arsenic Compounds as Potential Diagnostic and Therapeutic Radiopharmaceuticals
作者:Anthony J. DeGraffenreid、Yutian Feng、Donald E. Wycoff、Ryan Morrow、Michael D. Phipps、Cathy S. Cutler、Alan R. Ketring、Charles L. Barnes、Silvia S. Jurisson
DOI:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b01175
日期:2016.8.15
nuclear properties useful for positron emission tomography (PET) and radiotherapy, respectively. The thiophilic nature of arsenic led to the evaluation of dithioarylarsines for potential use in radiopharmaceuticals. Several dithioarylarsines were synthesized from their arylarsonic acids and dithiols and were fully characterized by NMR, ESI-MS, and X-ray crystallography. This chemistry was translated to
Highly efficient photocontrol of mitotic kinesin Eg5 ATPase activity using a novel photochromic compound composed of two azobenzene derivatives
作者:Kei Sadakane、Islam M D Alrazi、Shinsaku Maruta
DOI:10.1093/jb/mvy051
日期:2018.10.1
physiological role in cell division. Several small-molecule inhibitors of Eg5 are the focus of cancer therapies. Azobenzene is a photochromic compound exhibiting cis-transisomerization upon ultraviolet (UV) and visible (VIS) light irradiation. Photochromic compounds of azobenzene derivatives, mimicking Eg5-specific inhibitors of STLC, indicated photoreversible inhibitory effects on Eg5 ATPase activity;
Crystal structure and isomerism of a tumour targeting radiopharmaceutical: [ReO(dmsa)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>–</sup>(H<sub>2</sub>dmsa =meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid)
作者:Jaspal Singh、Anne K. Powell、Susan E. M. Clarke、Philip J. Blower
DOI:10.1039/c39910001115
日期:——
A crystal structure determination shows that one isomer of the complex anion [ReO(dmsa)2]â(H2dmsa =meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid), a compound which in radiopharmaceutical form has been shown to localise in certain human tumours, has a square-pyramidal structure with all carboxylic acid groups uncoordinated and oriented endo relative to the oxo ligand.