许多嘌呤和嘧啶的核苷类似物在组织培养和动物体内具有显著的抗病毒作用,是一类有希望的抗病毒化合物。其中一些对病毒具有选择性的抑制效果,并且毒性较低,在动物体内的有效化合物已发展成为核苷类抗病毒药物,并已在临床中得到应用并商业化。目前被广泛认可的包括碘苷、三氟胸苷、环胞苷、阿糖腺苷和无环鸟苷等。
在临床上,一些化合物显示出一定的治疗效果并在某些国家有商品化的产品,如三氮唑核苷、阿糖腺苷单磷酸和溴乙烯尿苷等。此外,还有一些正在接受临床试验以观察其疗效的核苷类药物,例如氟碘阿糖胞苷。不断有新的抗病毒核苷类似物被报道,并处于研究开发阶段。
核苷类似物是一种核酸抗代谢物,其结构与正常的核酸前体相似。它们通过竞争性地抑制核酸合成酶系统或取代正常核酸前体来发挥作用,从而阻断病毒或细胞的核酸合成。这些化合物对病毒核酸具有选择性的抑制作用,而对宿主细胞核酸的影响较小。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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克拉屈滨 | 2-chloro-2'-deoxyadenosine | 4291-63-8 | C10H12ClN5O3 |
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克拉屈滨 | 5-(6-Amino-2-chloropurin-9-yl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-ol | 5542-92-7 | C10H12ClN5O3 |
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假尿苷 | pseudouridine | 1445-07-4 | C9H12N2O6 |
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保护胸苷 | 5'-O-(4-4'-dimethoxytrityl)thymidine | 40615-39-2 | C31H32N2O7 |
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保护-2'-脱氧尿苷 | DMT-dU | 23669-79-6 | C30H30N2O7 |
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二酪氨酸 | dityrosine | 63442-81-9 | C18H20N2O6 |
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二苯基N,N'-二异丙基亚磷酰胺 | Dibenzyl N,N-diisopropylphosphoramidite | 108549-23-1 | C20H28NO2P |
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二磷酸腺苷 | adenosine 5'-diphosphate | 58-64-0 | C10H15N5O10P2 |
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二硫代脲 | 2,4-dithiouracil | 2001-93-6 | C4H4N2S2 |
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二氯亚磷酸甲酯 | methyl dichlorophosphite | 3279-26-3 | CH3Cl2OP |
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二氢尿嘧啶 | 5,6-dhydrouracil | 504-07-4 | C4H6N2O2 |
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二叔丁基氯硅烷 | di-tert-Butylchlorosilane | 56310-18-0 | C8H18ClSi |
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二叔丁基氯硅烷 | Di-tert-butyldichlorosilane | 18395-90-9 | C8H18Cl2Si |
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二丁酰环磷腺苷 | dibutyryl cyclic AMP | 362-74-3 | C18H24N5O8P |
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二(3',5')-环二鸟苷酸 | c-di-GMP | 61093-23-0 | C20H24N10O14P2 |
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乳清酸钾 | Orotic acid potassium salt, >=98% | 24598-73-0 | C5H4KN2O4 |
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乙去氧尿啶 | edoxudine | 15176-29-1 | C11H16N2O5 |
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一水合尿嘧啶 -5-羧酸 | 5-carboxyuracil monohydrate | 69727-34-0 | C5H4N2O4*H2O |
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beta-胸苷 | thymidine | 146183-25-7 | C10H14N2O5 |
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N6-苯甲酰基腺苷 | N-benzoyladenosine | 4546-55-8 | C17H17N5O5 |
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N6-苯甲酰基腺嘌呤 | N-benzoyladenine | 4005-49-6 | C12H9N5O |
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N6-苯甲酰基-5'-O-(4,4'-二甲氧基三苯基)-2'-脱氧腺苷 | N6-benzoyl-5'-O-(4,4'-dimethoxytrityl)-2'-deoxyadenosine | 64325-78-6 | C38H35N5O6 |
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N6-甲基-2'-脱氧腺苷 | N-6-methyl-2'-deoxyribofuranosil adenine | 2002-35-9 | C11H15N5O3 |
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N6,N6-二甲基腺苷 | N,N-dimethyladenosine | 2620-62-4 | C12H17N5O4 |
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N4-苯甲酰基胞嘧啶 | 4-N-benzoylcytosine | 26661-13-2 | C11H9N3O2 |
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N4-苯甲酰基-5′-O-(4,4′-二甲氧基三苯基)-2′-脱氧胞苷 | 4-N-Benzoyl-2'-deoxy-5'-O-(4,4'-dimethoxytrityl)cytidine | 67219-55-0 | C37H35N3O7 |
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N4-苯甲酰-2'-甲氧基胞苷 | 2'-O-methyl-N<sup>4</sup>-benzoylcytidine | 52571-45-6 | C17H19N3O6 |
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N4-氨基胞苷 | N<sup>4</sup>-aminocytidine | 57294-74-3 | C9H14N4O5 |
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N4-乙酰胞嘧啶 | 4-N-Acetylcytosine | 14631-20-0 | C6H7N3O2 |
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N4-乙酰基-2'-氟脱氧胞苷 | 4-N-acetyl-2'-fluoro-2'-deoxycytidine | 159414-97-8 | C11H14FN3O5 |
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N2-苯甲酰基-D-鸟苷 | N<sup>2</sup>-benzoylguanosine | 3676-72-0 | C17H17N5O6 |
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N2-苯乙酰鸟嘌呤核苷 | 2-N-phenylacetylguanosine | 132628-16-1 | C18H19N5O6 |
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N2-异丁酰基鸟苷一水合物 | N<sup>2</sup>-isobutyryl-2'-deoxyguanosine | 64350-24-9 | C14H19N5O6 |
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N2-异丁酰基-2′-脱氧鸟苷 | N-isobutyryl-2'-deoxyguanosine | 68892-42-2 | C14H19N5O5 |
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N2-异丁酰-5'-O-(4,4'-二甲氧基三苯基)-2'-脱氧鸟苷 | 5'-O-dimethoxytrityl-N-isobutyryldeoxyguanosine | 68892-41-1 | C35H37N5O7 |
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N2-异丁酰-2'-甲氧基鸟苷 | N<sup>2</sup>-isobutyryl-2'-O-methylguanosine | 63264-29-9 | C15H21N5O6 |
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N2,N2-二甲基鸟苷 | N2,N2-dimethylguanosine | 2140-67-2 | C12H17N5O5 |
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N-苯甲酰-2'-脱氧胞苷 | N4-benzoyl-2'-deoxycytidine | 4836-13-9 | C16H17N3O5 |
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N-氧代烟酰胺 | nicotinamide N-oxide | 1986-81-8 | C6H6N2O2 |
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N-乙酰胞嘧啶核苷 | N-acetylcytidine | 3768-18-1 | C11H15N3O6 |
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N-乙酰基-5’-O-[双(4-甲氧基苯基)苯基甲基]-2’-脱氧-2’-氟胞苷 | N<sup>4</sup>-acetyl-5'-O-(4,4'-dimethoxytrityl)-2'-fluoro-2'-deoxycytidine | 159414-98-9 | C32H32FN3O7 |
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N-乙酰基-5'-O-(4,4'-二甲氧基三苯甲基)-2'-脱氧胞苷 | 4-N-acetyl-5'-O-(4,4'-dimethoxytrityl)-2'-deoxycytidine | 100898-63-3 | C32H33N3O7 |
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N-乙酰-2'-脱氧-胞苷 | N<sup>4</sup>-acetyl-2'-deoxycytidine | 32909-05-0 | C11H15N3O5 |
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N-[(3-碘苯基)甲基]-9H-嘌呤-6-胺 | N<sup>6</sup>-(3-iodobenzyl)adenine | 72158-53-3 | C12H10IN5 |
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N-2-乙酰鸟嘌呤 | N-(6-oxo-6,9-dihydro-1H-purin-2-yl)acetamide | 19962-37-9 | C7H7N5O2 |
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N-(9-((2r,3r,4r,5r)-5-((双(4-甲氧基苯基)(苯基)甲氧基)甲基)-4-羟基-3-甲氧基四氢呋喃-2-基)-9h-嘌呤-6-基)苯甲酰胺 | N<sup>6</sup>-benzoyl-5'-(4,4'-dimethoxytrityl)-O<sup>2'</sup>-methyladenosine | 110764-72-2 | C39H37N5O7 |
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N,9-二乙酰鸟嘌呤 | 2,9-diacetylguanine | 3056-33-5 | C9H9N5O3 |
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Ac-dC 亚磷酰胺单体 | 5'-O-(4,4'-dimethoxytrityl)-N-acetyl-2'-deoxycytidine 3'-[(2-cyanoethyl)-(N,N-diisopropyl)]phosphoramidite | 154110-40-4 | C41H50N5O8P |
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9-甲基腺嘌呤 | 3-methyladenine | 700-00-5 | C6H7N5 |
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9-乙基鸟嘌呤 | 9-Ethylguanine | 879-08-3 | C7H9N5O |
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