许多嘌呤和嘧啶的核苷类似物在组织培养和动物体内具有显著的抗病毒作用,是一类有希望的抗病毒化合物。其中一些对病毒具有选择性的抑制效果,并且毒性较低,在动物体内的有效化合物已发展成为核苷类抗病毒药物,并已在临床中得到应用并商业化。目前被广泛认可的包括碘苷、三氟胸苷、环胞苷、阿糖腺苷和无环鸟苷等。
在临床上,一些化合物显示出一定的治疗效果并在某些国家有商品化的产品,如三氮唑核苷、阿糖腺苷单磷酸和溴乙烯尿苷等。此外,还有一些正在接受临床试验以观察其疗效的核苷类药物,例如氟碘阿糖胞苷。不断有新的抗病毒核苷类似物被报道,并处于研究开发阶段。
核苷类似物是一种核酸抗代谢物,其结构与正常的核酸前体相似。它们通过竞争性地抑制核酸合成酶系统或取代正常核酸前体来发挥作用,从而阻断病毒或细胞的核酸合成。这些化合物对病毒核酸具有选择性的抑制作用,而对宿主细胞核酸的影响较小。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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2'-甲氧基鸟苷 | 2'-O-methylguanosine | 2140-71-8 | C11H15N5O5 |
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2'-甲氧基胞苷 | 2'-O-methylcytidine | 2140-72-9 | C10H15N3O5 |
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2'-甲氧基尿苷 | 2'-O-methyluridine | 2140-76-3 | C10H14N2O6 |
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2'-氨基-2'-脱氧鸟苷 | 2'-amino-2'-deoxyguanosine | 60966-26-9 | C10H14N6O4 |
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2'-氨基-2'-脱氧腺苷 | 2'-amino-2'-deoxyadenosine | 10414-81-0 | C10H14N6O3 |
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2'-氨基-2'-脱氧胞苷 | 2'-amino-2'-deoxycytidine | 26889-42-9 | C9H14N4O4 |
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2'-氟-2'-脱氧腺苷 | 2'-fluorodeoxyadenosine | 64183-27-3 | C10H12FN5O3 |
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2'-氟-2'-脱氧尿苷 | 2'-deoxy-2'-fluorouridine | 784-71-4 | C9H11FN2O5 |
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2'-叠氮-2'-脱氧尿苷 | 2'-azido-2'-deoxyuridine | 26929-65-7 | C9H11N5O5 |
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2'-O-甲基腺苷 | 2'-O-methyl adenosine | 2140-79-6 | C11H15N5O4 |
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2'-C-甲基胞嘧啶核苷 | 2'-C-methylcytidine | 20724-73-6 | C10H15N3O5 |
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2',3'-异丙叉腺苷 | 2',3'-isopropylidene adenosine | 362-75-4 | C13H17N5O4 |
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2',3'-双脱氧腺苷 | 2',3'-Dideoxyadenosine | 4097-22-7 | C10H13N5O2 |
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2',3'-二脱氧鸟苷 | 2',3'-dideoxyguanosine | 85326-06-3 | C10H13N5O3 |
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2',3'-二脱氧胸苷 | 3'-Deoxythymidine | 3416-05-5 | C10H14N2O4 |
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2',3'-二脱氧尿苷 | 2',3'-Dideoxyuridine | 5983-09-5 | C9H12N2O4 |
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2',3'-二-O-乙酰基-5'-脱氧-5-氟-D-胞啶 | 2',3'-di-O-acetyl-5'-deoxy-5-fluorocytidine | 161599-46-8 | C13H16FN3O6 |
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2',3'-O-异丙叉肌苷 | 2',3'-O-isopropylideneinosine | 2140-11-6 | C13H16N4O5 |
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2',3'-O-异丙亚基鸟苷 | 2',3'-isopropylideneguanosine | 362-76-5 | C13H17N5O5 |
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2',3',5'-三乙酰鸟苷 | 2',3',5'-tri-O-acetyl-guanosine | 6979-94-8 | C16H19N5O8 |
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2',3',5'-三乙酰腺苷 | triacetyladenosine | 7387-57-7 | C16H19N5O7 |
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2',3',5'-三乙酰肌苷 | N-benzyloxycarbonylglycylhistidine | 38972-84-8 | C16H18N4O5 |
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2',3',5'-三乙酰尿苷 | Tri-O-acetyluridine | 4105-38-8 | C15H18N2O9 |
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2',3',5'-三-O-乙酰-2-氨基-6-氯嘌呤核苷 | [3,4-Diacetyloxy-5-(2-amino-6-chloropurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methyl acetate | 16321-99-6 | C16H18ClN5O7 |
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1H-嘌呤-6-胺硫酸盐 | adeninium sulphate | 34791-69-0 | C5H5N5*H2O4S |
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1H-1,2,4-三唑 | 1,2,4-Triazole | 288-88-0 | C2H3N3 |
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1H-1,2,3-三氮唑 | 1,2,3-triazole | 288-36-8 | C2H3N3 |
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1-甲基腺嘌呤 | 1-methyladenine | 5142-22-3 | C6H7N5 |
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1-甲基伪尿苷 | N<sup>1</sup>-methylpseudouridine | 13860-38-3 | C10H14N2O6 |
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1-环己基尿嘧啶 | 1-cyclohexyluracil | 712-43-6 | C10H14N2O2 |
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1-氰基-2,3,5-三苯甲酰氧基-beta-D-呋喃核糖 | (3,4-Dibenzoyloxy-5-cyanooxolan-2-yl)methyl benzoate | 23316-67-8 | C27H21NO7 |
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1-对硝基苯磺酰基-1,2,4-三唑 | p-Nitrobenzolsulfonyltriazolid | 57777-84-1 | C8H6N4O4S |
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1-叠氮基-2,3,5-三苯甲酰氧基-beta-D-呋喃核糖 | 2,3,5-tri-O-benzoyl-β-D-ribofuranosyl azide | 7408-41-5 | C26H21N3O7 |
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1-beta-D-阿拉伯呋喃糖基-5-溴尿嘧啶 | bromouridine | 957-75-5 | C9H11BrN2O6 |
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1-U 1-甲基-2,6,8-三羟基嘌呤 1MUA | 1-methyluric acid | 708-79-2 | C6H6N4O3 |
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1-(2-均三甲苯磺酰基)咪唑 | Mesitylen-sulfon-imidazolid | 50257-39-1 | C12H14N2O2S |
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1-(2,4,6-三异丙基苯基磺酰)咪唑 | N-(2,4,6-triisopropylbenzenesulfonyl)imidazole | 50257-40-4 | C18H26N2O2S |
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1-((2R,3r,4r,5r)-5-((双(4-甲氧基苯基)(苯基)甲氧基)甲基)-4-羟基-3-甲氧基四氢呋喃-2-基)嘧啶-2,4(1h,3h)-二酮 | 5'-O-(4,4'-dimethoxytrityl)-2'-O-methyluridine | 103285-22-9 | C31H32N2O8 |
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1,N6-亚乙烯基腺苷-3',5'-环单磷酸钠盐 | 1,N6-Ethenoadenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate sodium salt | 103213-51-0 | C12H12N5NaO6P |
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1,3-苯并二硫代吡咯四氟化硼盐 | 1,3-Benzodithiolylium tetrafluoroborate | 57842-27-0 | C7H5BF4S2 |
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1,3-二甲基尿酸 | 1,3-dimethyluric acid | 944-73-0 | C7H8N4O3 |
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1,3-二甲基-6-亚氨基-5-异亚硝基尿嘧啶 | 6-amino-1,3-dimethyl-5-nitroso-1H-pyrimidine-2,4-dione | 6632-68-4 | C6H8N4O3 |
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1,3,9-三甲基黄嘌呤 | isocaffeine | 519-32-4 | C8H10N4O2 |
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1,2-二脱氧-D-核糖 | (2R,3S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-ol | 91547-59-0 | C5H10O3 |
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(E)-5-(2-羰基乙烯)-2,4-二甲氧基嘧啶 | (E)-β-(2,4-dimethoxypyrimidin-5-yl)acrylic acid | 119923-27-2 | C9H10N2O4 |
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—— | Sodium 6-hydroxy-1,7-dihydropurin-2-one | 1196-43-6 | C5H4N4NaO2+ |
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—— | Flavinadeninedinucleotidedisodium(FADdisodium) | 84366-81-4 | C27H33N9NaO15P2 |
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—— | D-Arabinosyl-5-fluorcytosin | 2341-22-2 | C9H12FN3O5 |
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—— | Pseudouridin | 1445-07-4 | C9H12N2O6 |
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—— | Sodium N-(9-{6-[(butanoyloxy)methyl]-2-hydroxy-2-oxotetrahydro-2H-2lambda~5~-furo[3,4-d][1,3,2]dioxaphosphol-4-yl}-9H-purin-6-yl)butanimidate | 16980-89-5 | C18H23N5NaO8P |
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