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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 生物化工 核苷类药物

    核苷类药物

    许多嘌呤和嘧啶的核苷类似物在组织培养和动物体内具有显著的抗病毒作用，是一类有希望的抗病毒化合物。其中一些对病毒具有选择性的抑制效果，并且毒性较低，在动物体内的有效化合物已发展成为核苷类抗病毒药物，并已在临床中得到应用并商业化。目前被广泛认可的包括碘苷、三氟胸苷、环胞苷、阿糖腺苷和无环鸟苷等。

    在临床上，一些化合物显示出一定的治疗效果并在某些国家有商品化的产品，如三氮唑核苷、阿糖腺苷单磷酸和溴乙烯尿苷等。此外，还有一些正在接受临床试验以观察其疗效的核苷类药物，例如氟碘阿糖胞苷。不断有新的抗病毒核苷类似物被报道，并处于研究开发阶段。

    核苷类似物是一种核酸抗代谢物，其结构与正常的核酸前体相似。它们通过竞争性地抑制核酸合成酶系统或取代正常核酸前体来发挥作用，从而阻断病毒或细胞的核酸合成。这些化合物对病毒核酸具有选择性的抑制作用，而对宿主细胞核酸的影响较小。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2,3,5-tri-O-benzoyl-β-D-ribofuranosyl-1-carbonitrile 23316-67-8 C27H21NO7
    2,3,5-tri-O-benzoyl-β-D-ribofuranosyl-1-carbonitrile
    —— guanosine 5'-monophosphate disodium 5550-12-9 C10H12N5O8P*2Na
    guanosine 5'-monophosphate disodium
    —— 1-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-4-sulfanylidenepyrimidin-2-one 13957-31-8 C9H12N2O5S
    1-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-4-sulfanylidenepyrimidin-2-one
    —— 2,6-Diaminopurine riboside 24649-67-0 C10H14N6O4
    2,6-Diaminopurine riboside
    —— 4-Amino-5-methyl-1-pentofuranosyl-2(1h)-pyrimidinone 2140-61-6 C10H15N3O5
    4-Amino-5-methyl-1-pentofuranosyl-2(1h)-pyrimidinone
    —— 5'-Trityluridine 6554-10-5 C28H26N2O6
    5'-Trityluridine
    —— 2-amino-9-(4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-1H-purine-6(9H)-one 961-07-9 C10H13N5O4
    2-amino-9-(4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-1H-purine-6(9H)-one
    —— Adenosine 5'-diphosphate 58-64-0 C10H15N5O10P2
    Adenosine 5'-diphosphate
    —— <i>O</i><sup>2'<sub>,<i>O</i></sub>3'</sup>-isopropylidene-guanosine 362-76-5 C13H17N5O5
    <i>O</i><sup>2'<sub>,<i>O</i></sub>3'</sup>-isopropylidene-guanosine
    —— 6-azauridine 54-25-1 C8H11N3O6
    6-azauridine
    —— 4-Amino-1-[5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]pyrimidin-2-one 133525-08-3 C9H13N3O3
    4-Amino-1-[5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]pyrimidin-2-one
    —— Uridine, 5-bromo-2'-deoxy- 59-14-3 C9H11BrN2O5
    Uridine, 5-bromo-2'-deoxy-
    —— ibacitabine 611-53-0 C9H12IN3O4
    ibacitabine
    —— 3 inverted exclamation mark-O-Methylguanosine 10300-27-3 C11H15N5O5
    3 inverted exclamation mark-O-Methylguanosine
    —— N1-Methyl-Pseudo-uridin 13860-38-3 C10H14N2O6
    N1-Methyl-Pseudo-uridin
    —— 6-(gamma,gamma-Dimethylallylamino)purine riboside 7724-76-7 C15H21N5O4
    6-(gamma,gamma-Dimethylallylamino)purine riboside
    —— [3']cytidylic acid 84-52-6 C9H14N3O8P
    [3']cytidylic acid
    —— Triacetylguanosine 6979-94-8 C16H19N5O8
    Triacetylguanosine
    —— 1-[4-Hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-3-methoxy-2-oxolanyl]pyrimidine-2,4-dione 2140-76-3 C10H14N2O6
    1-[4-Hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-3-methoxy-2-oxolanyl]pyrimidine-2,4-dione
    —— [({[5-(2,4-dioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy}(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy]-λ⁵-phosphanetris(olate) 19817-91-5 —— ——
    —— 2-[6-amino-2-(phenylamino)-9H-purin-9-yl]-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol 53296-10-9 C16H18N6O4
    2-[6-amino-2-(phenylamino)-9H-purin-9-yl]-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol
    —— 9-(3-o-Methylpentofuranosyl)-9h-purin-6-amine 10300-22-8 C11H15N5O4
    9-(3-o-Methylpentofuranosyl)-9h-purin-6-amine
    —— Deoxyguanosine,2'-amino 60966-26-9 C10H14N6O4
    Deoxyguanosine,2'-amino
    —— 5-Ethyl-1-[4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-oxolanyl]pyrimidine-2,4-dione 15176-29-1 C11H16N2O5
    5-Ethyl-1-[4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-oxolanyl]pyrimidine-2,4-dione
    —— adenosine 2'-monophosphate 130-49-4 C10H14N5O7P
    adenosine 2'-monophosphate
    —— Ara-utp 19817-92-6 C9H15N2O15P3
    Ara-utp
    —— Cytidine triphosphate disodium salt 36051-68-0 C9H16N3O14P3
    Cytidine triphosphate disodium salt
    —— guanosine 38819-10-2 C10H13N5O5
    guanosine
    —— 2',3'-Di-O-acetyl-5'-deoxy-5-fuluro-D-cytidine 161599-46-8 C13H16FN3O6
    2',3'-Di-O-acetyl-5'-deoxy-5-fuluro-D-cytidine
    —— 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide 3031-94-5 C9H15N4O8P
    5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide
    —— 5-(2,6-Diaminopurin-9-yl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-ol 4546-70-7 C10H14N6O3
    5-(2,6-Diaminopurin-9-yl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-ol
    —— N-benzoyl-5'-O-[bis(4-methoxyphenyl)phenylmethyl]-2'-deoxyadenosine 64325-78-6 C38H35N5O6
    N-benzoyl-5'-O-[bis(4-methoxyphenyl)phenylmethyl]-2'-deoxyadenosine
    —— 2',3'-Isopropylideneinosine 2140-11-6 C13H16N4O5
    2',3'-Isopropylideneinosine
    —— [6-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-2,2-dimethyl-tetrahydro-2H-furo[3,4-d][1,3]dioxol-4-yl]methanol 362-75-4 C13H17N5O4
    [6-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-2,2-dimethyl-tetrahydro-2H-furo[3,4-d][1,3]dioxol-4-yl]methanol
    —— Deoxyadenosin-5'-phosphat 653-63-4 C10H14N5O6P
    Deoxyadenosin-5'-phosphat
    —— 2-(2-Aminopurin-9-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol 4546-54-7 C10H13N5O4
    2-(2-Aminopurin-9-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol
    —— 1-(2-Deoxy-2-fluoro-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)-5-iodouracil 69123-98-4 C9H10FIN2O5
    1-(2-Deoxy-2-fluoro-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)-5-iodouracil
    —— Tubercidin 69-33-0 C11H14N4O4
    Tubercidin
    —— 2-(6-Amino-2-fluoro-purin-9-yl)-5-hydroxymethyl-tetrahydro-furan-3,4-diol 146-78-1 C10H12FN5O4
    2-(6-Amino-2-fluoro-purin-9-yl)-5-hydroxymethyl-tetrahydro-furan-3,4-diol
    —— 6-mercaptopurine 6112-76-1 C5H4N4S
    6-mercaptopurine
    —— 2-O-Methyladenosine 42173-86-4 C11H15N5O4
    2-O-Methyladenosine
    —— 2-amino-9-pentofuranosyl-7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-6,8-dione 3868-31-3 C10H13N5O6
    2-amino-9-pentofuranosyl-7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-6,8-dione
    —— Cyclic dibutyryl AMP 362-74-3 C18H24N5O8P
    Cyclic dibutyryl AMP
    —— Furfuryladenosine 4338-47-0 C15H17N5O5
    Furfuryladenosine
    —— N-(1-(3,4-Dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyrimidin-4-yl)benzamide 13089-48-0 C16H17N3O6
    N-(1-(3,4-Dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyrimidin-4-yl)benzamide
    —— 8 BrGuo 4016-63-1 C10H12BrN5O5
    8 BrGuo
    —— 2'-Desoxyuridine 951-78-0 C9H12N2O5
    2'-Desoxyuridine
    —— 2-(6-Amino-8-bromo-9H-purin-9-YL)-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diol 2946-39-6 C10H12BrN5O4
    2-(6-Amino-8-bromo-9H-purin-9-YL)-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diol
    —— 8-chloro-adenosine 34408-14-5 C10H12ClN5O4
    8-chloro-adenosine
    —— 9-(2-Amino-2-deoxy-d-xylofuranosyl) adenine 24807-84-9 C10H14N6O3
    9-(2-Amino-2-deoxy-d-xylofuranosyl) adenine