许多嘌呤和嘧啶的核苷类似物在组织培养和动物体内具有显著的抗病毒作用,是一类有希望的抗病毒化合物。其中一些对病毒具有选择性的抑制效果,并且毒性较低,在动物体内的有效化合物已发展成为核苷类抗病毒药物,并已在临床中得到应用并商业化。目前被广泛认可的包括碘苷、三氟胸苷、环胞苷、阿糖腺苷和无环鸟苷等。
在临床上,一些化合物显示出一定的治疗效果并在某些国家有商品化的产品,如三氮唑核苷、阿糖腺苷单磷酸和溴乙烯尿苷等。此外,还有一些正在接受临床试验以观察其疗效的核苷类药物,例如氟碘阿糖胞苷。不断有新的抗病毒核苷类似物被报道,并处于研究开发阶段。
核苷类似物是一种核酸抗代谢物,其结构与正常的核酸前体相似。它们通过竞争性地抑制核酸合成酶系统或取代正常核酸前体来发挥作用,从而阻断病毒或细胞的核酸合成。这些化合物对病毒核酸具有选择性的抑制作用,而对宿主细胞核酸的影响较小。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
---|---|---|---|---|
9-(4-乙酰氧基-3-乙酰氧甲基丁基)-2-氨基-6-氯嘌呤 | 9-(4-acetoxy-3-acetoxymethylbutyl)-2-amino-6-chloropurine | 97845-60-8 | C14H18ClN5O4 |
|
8-羟基鸟苷 | 8-Hydroxyguanosine | 3868-31-3 | C10H13N5O6 |
|
8-硝基鸟嘌呤 | 8-nitroguanine | 168701-80-2 | C5H4N6O3 |
|
8-溴黄嘌呤 | 8-bromo-3,7(9)-dihydro-purine-2,6-dione | 10357-68-3 | C5H3BrN4O2 |
|
8-溴鸟苷 | 8-bromoguanosine | 4016-63-1 | C10H12BrN5O5 |
|
8-溴鸟嘌呤 | 8-bromoguanine | 3066-84-0 | C5H4BrN5O |
|
8-溴膘苷 | 8-bromoadenosine | 2946-39-6 | C10H12BrN5O4 |
|
8-溴腺苷3′,5′-环单磷酸 | Br-cAMP | 23583-48-4 | C10H11BrN5O6P |
|
8-溴腺苷-3,5-环单磷酸钠 | 8-bromoadenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate sodium salt | 76939-46-3 | C10H10BrN5O6P*Na |
|
8-溴腺嘌呤 | 8-bromoadenine | 6974-78-3 | C5H4BrN5 |
|
8-溴肌苷 | 8-bromoinosine | 55627-73-1 | C10H11BrN4O5 |
|
8-溴-7-(2-丁炔基)-3-甲基黄嘌呤 | 3-methyl-7-(2-butyn-1-yl)-8-bromoxanthine | 666816-98-4 | C10H9BrN4O2 |
|
8-溴-2'-脱氧鸟苷 | 8-bromo-2'-deoxyguanosine | 13389-03-2 | C10H12BrN5O4 |
|
8-溴-2'-脱氧腺苷 | 8-bromo-2'-deoxyadenosine | 14985-44-5 | C10H12BrN5O3 |
|
8-氯腺嘌呤核苷 | 8-chloroadenosine | 34408-14-5 | C10H12ClN5O4 |
|
8-氮鸟嘌呤 | 8-azaguanine | 134-58-7 | C4H4N6O |
|
8-氮杂黄嘌呤 | 8-azaxanthine | 1468-26-4 | C4H3N5O2 |
|
8-氮杂腺嘌呤 | 7-amino-1H-triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine | 1123-54-2 | C4H4N6 |
|
8-氨基腺苷酸 | 8-aminoadenosine | 3868-33-5 | C10H14N6O4 |
|
8-叠氮酰苷-5’-三磷酸钠 | 8-Azido-ATP | 53696-59-6 | C10H15N8O13P3 |
|
8-OH-脱氧鸟嘌呤 | 7,8-dihydro-8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine | 88847-89-6 | C10H13N5O5 |
|
7-甲基黄嘌呤 | 7-methylxanthine | 552-62-5 | C6H6N4O2 |
|
7-甲基鸟苷 | 7-methylguanosine | 20244-86-4 | C11H16N5O5 |
|
7-甲基鸟苷 | 7-methyl-guanosine | 15313-37-8 | C11H17N5O5 |
|
7-甲基鸟嘌呤 | 7-methylguanine | 578-76-7 | C6H7N5O |
|
7-DEAZA-2'-脱氧鸟苷 | 7-deaza-2'-deoxyguanosine | 86392-75-8 | C11H14N4O4 |
|
7,9-二甲基鸟嘌呤 | 7-methylguanine | 524-35-6 | C7H9N5O |
|
6H-嘌呤-6-硫酮,1,9-二氢-9-b-L-呋喃核糖基- | 9β-ribofuranosyl-purin-6-thione | 7687-43-6 | C10H12N4O4S |
|
6-苄基腺苷 | N6-Benzyladenosine | 4294-16-0 | C17H19N5O4 |
|
6-肼基嘌呤 | 6-Hydrazinopurin | 5404-86-4 | C5H6N6 |
|
6-羰基-2,4-二氢嘧啶一钠盐 | Orotic acid sodium salt | 154-85-8 | C5H4N2NaO4 |
|
6-硫代-2-羟基嘌呤 | 6-thioxanthine | 2002-59-7 | C5H4N4OS |
|
6-疏基嘌呤核苷 | 6-mercaptopurine riboside | 574-25-4 | C10H12N4O4S |
|
6-甲硫基嘌呤核苷 | 6-Methylmercaptopurine riboside | 342-69-8 | C11H14N4O4S |
|
6-甲氧基嘌呤 | 6-methoxypurine | 1074-89-1 | C6H6N4O |
|
6-甲巯基嘌呤 | 6-methylthiopurine | 50-66-8 | C6H6N4S |
|
6-甲基嘌呤 | 6-methylpurine | 2004-03-7 | C6H6N4 |
|
6-氰嘌呤 | 7H-purine-6-carbonitrile | 2036-13-7 | C6H3N5 |
|
6-氯鸟嘌呤核苷 | 2-Amino-6-chloropurine riboside | 2004-07-1 | C10H12ClN5O4 |
|
6-氯嘌呤核苷 | 6-Chloropurine riboside | 5399-87-1 | C10H11ClN4O4 |
|
6-氯嘌呤 2’-脱氧核苷 | (2R,3S,5S)-5-(6-Chloro-9H-purin-9-yl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-ol | 4594-45-0 | C10H11ClN4O3 |
|
6-氯嘌呤 | 6-chloropurine | 87-42-3 | C5H3ClN4 |
|
6-氯-9-beta-D-呋喃木糖基-9H-嘌呤-2-胺 | 2-amino-6-chloropurine riboside | 2004-07-1 | C10H12ClN5O4 |
|
6-氯-9-beta-D-(2,3-异亚丙基)呋喃核糖基嘌呤 | 6-chloro-9-(2,3-O-isopropylidene-β-D-ribofuranosyl)-9H-purine | 39824-26-5 | C13H15ClN4O4 |
|
6-氯-9-(beta-D-阿拉伯呋喃糖基)嘌呤 | 6-Chlor-9-ss-D-ribofuranosylpurin | 2004-06-0 | C10H11ClN4O4 |
|
6-氮杂胸腺嘧啶 | 6-azathymine | 932-53-6 | C4H5N3O2 |
|
6-氮杂尿苷 | 6-Azauridin | 54-25-1 | C8H11N3O6 |
|
6-氮杂-2-硫代胸腺嘧啶 | 6-aza-2-thiothymine | 615-76-9 | C4H5N3OS |
|
6-氮尿嘧啶 | 6-aza-5,6-dihydrouracil | 18802-37-4 | C3H5N3O2 |
|
6-氨基-3-甲基嘌呤 | M9281 | 5142-23-4 | C6H7N5 |
|