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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 生物化工 核苷类药物

    核苷类药物

    许多嘌呤和嘧啶的核苷类似物在组织培养和动物体内具有显著的抗病毒作用，是一类有希望的抗病毒化合物。其中一些对病毒具有选择性的抑制效果，并且毒性较低，在动物体内的有效化合物已发展成为核苷类抗病毒药物，并已在临床中得到应用并商业化。目前被广泛认可的包括碘苷、三氟胸苷、环胞苷、阿糖腺苷和无环鸟苷等。

    在临床上，一些化合物显示出一定的治疗效果并在某些国家有商品化的产品，如三氮唑核苷、阿糖腺苷单磷酸和溴乙烯尿苷等。此外，还有一些正在接受临床试验以观察其疗效的核苷类药物，例如氟碘阿糖胞苷。不断有新的抗病毒核苷类似物被报道，并处于研究开发阶段。

    核苷类似物是一种核酸抗代谢物，其结构与正常的核酸前体相似。它们通过竞争性地抑制核酸合成酶系统或取代正常核酸前体来发挥作用，从而阻断病毒或细胞的核酸合成。这些化合物对病毒核酸具有选择性的抑制作用，而对宿主细胞核酸的影响较小。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— Guanosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate), 2'-deoxy-, trisodium salt 93919-41-6 C10H16N5Na3O13P3+3
    Guanosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate), 2'-deoxy-, trisodium salt
    —— 2-amino-9-(<i>O</i><sup>2</sup>,<i>O</i><sup>3</sup>,<i>O</i><sup>5</sup>-triacetyl-ξ-<i>D</i>-xylofuranosyl)-1,9-dihydro-purin-6-one 6979-94-8 C16H19N5O8
    2-amino-9-(<i>O</i><sup>2</sup>,<i>O</i><sup>3</sup>,<i>O</i><sup>5</sup>-triacetyl-ξ-<i>D</i>-xylofuranosyl)-1,9-dihydro-purin-6-one
    —— 7-methyl-guanosinium 22164-16-5 C11H17N5O5
    7-methyl-guanosinium
    —— FMN-Na;Riboflavin 5'-phosphate sodium;Vitamin B2 Phosphate Sodium Salt 6184-17-4 C17H24N4NaO11P
    FMN-Na;Riboflavin 5'-phosphate sodium;Vitamin B2 Phosphate Sodium Salt
    —— ((2R,3R,4S)-3-(benzoyloxy)-5-bromo-4-fluorotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl benzoate 97614-44-3 C19H16BrFO5
    ((2R,3R,4S)-3-(benzoyloxy)-5-bromo-4-fluorotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl benzoate
    —— Inosine, 2'-deoxy-6-thio- 2239-64-7 C10H12N4O3S
    Inosine, 2'-deoxy-6-thio-
    —— 5'-Adenylic acid,sodium salt, hydrate (9CI) 149022-20-8 C10H16N5NaO8P
    5'-Adenylic acid,sodium salt, hydrate (9CI)
    —— 4'-azido-5'-deoxy-5'-iodoadenosine 926309-57-1 C10H11IN8O3
    4'-azido-5'-deoxy-5'-iodoadenosine
    —— myricetin-3-O-arabinopyranoside 56190-04-6 C20H18O12
    myricetin-3-O-arabinopyranoside
    —— N-[9-[(4S,5R)-5-[[bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-phenylmethoxy]methyl]-4-hydroxyoxolan-2-yl]-6-oxo-1H-purin-2-yl]-2-methylpropanamide 68892-41-1 C35H37N5O7
    N-[9-[(4S,5R)-5-[[bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-phenylmethoxy]methyl]-4-hydroxyoxolan-2-yl]-6-oxo-1H-purin-2-yl]-2-methylpropanamide
    —— Adenosine 5'-triphosphate disodium salt hydrate from microbial source, min. 99% (HPLC) 34369-07-8 C10H14N5Na2O14P3-2
    Adenosine 5'-triphosphate disodium salt hydrate from microbial source, min. 99% (HPLC)
    —— disodium;[(1R,2R,3S,4R)-2,3-dihydroxy-4-(6-oxo-1H-purin-9-yl)cyclopentyl]methyl phosphate;hydrate 352195-40-5 C11H15N4Na2O8P
    disodium;[(1R,2R,3S,4R)-2,3-dihydroxy-4-(6-oxo-1H-purin-9-yl)cyclopentyl]methyl phosphate;hydrate
    —— sulfosuccinimidyl-6-(biotin-amido)hexanoate 127062-22-0 C20H30N4O9S2
    sulfosuccinimidyl-6-(biotin-amido)hexanoate
    —— cladribine 4291-63-8 C10H12ClN5O3
    cladribine
    —— ADP 1172-42-5 C10H13N5O10P2*2Na
    ADP
    —— 2-iodo-6-chloro-9-(β-D-ribofuranosyl)purine 313477-85-9 C10H10ClIN4O4
    2-iodo-6-chloro-9-(β-D-ribofuranosyl)purine
    —— <i>O</i><sup>2'</sup>,<i>O</i><sup>3'</sup>,<i>O</i><sup>5"</sup>-triacetyl-uridine 4105-38-8 C15H18N2O9
    <i>O</i><sup>2'</sup>,<i>O</i><sup>3'</sup>,<i>O</i><sup>5"</sup>-triacetyl-uridine
    —— 5-bromo-4-thio-2'-deoxyuridine 676556-11-9 C9H11BrN2O4S
    5-bromo-4-thio-2'-deoxyuridine
    —— 7-iodo-7-deaza-2'-deoxyguanosine 172163-62-1 C11H13IN4O4
    7-iodo-7-deaza-2'-deoxyguanosine
    —— 2-(6-Amino-2-chloro-9-purinyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol hydrate 81012-94-4 C10H14ClN5O5
    2-(6-Amino-2-chloro-9-purinyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol hydrate
    —— sodium 6-(6-amino-8-bromo-purin-9-yl)-2-oxido-2-oxo-4a,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-4H-furo[3,2-d][1,3,2]dioxaphosphinin-7-ol 76939-46-3 C10H10BrN5NaO6P
    sodium 6-(6-amino-8-bromo-purin-9-yl)-2-oxido-2-oxo-4a,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-4H-furo[3,2-d][1,3,2]dioxaphosphinin-7-ol
    —— Sodium ((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl phosphate hydrate 149022-20-8 C10H14N5Na2O8P
    Sodium ((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl phosphate hydrate
    —— Adenosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate), tetrasodium salt 987-65-5 C10H12N5Na4O13P3
    Adenosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate), tetrasodium salt
    —— (3xi)-5'-o-[(4-Methylphenyl)sulfonyl]adenosine 5135-30-8 C17H19N5O6S
    (3xi)-5'-o-[(4-Methylphenyl)sulfonyl]adenosine
    —— 2',3'-O-(1-Methylethylidene)adenosine 362-75-4 C13H17N5O4
    2',3'-O-(1-Methylethylidene)adenosine
    —— 4-amino-1-[(2R,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-5-methylpyrimidin-2-one 838-07-3 C10H15N3O4
    4-amino-1-[(2R,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-5-methylpyrimidin-2-one
    —— 2-(4-Amino-5-iodo-7-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidinyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol 24386-93-4 C11H13IN4O4
    2-(4-Amino-5-iodo-7-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidinyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol
    —— Adenosine, 3-deaza- 6736-58-9 C11H14N4O4
    Adenosine, 3-deaza-
    —— 2'-O-Methylguanosin 2140-71-8 C11H15N5O5
    2'-O-Methylguanosin
    —— deoxyadenine 5'-monophosphate 653-63-4 C10H14N5O6P*2Na
    deoxyadenine 5'-monophosphate
    —— Brcdr 1022-79-3 C9H12BrN3O4
    Brcdr
    —— 9-{5-o-[(4-Methylphenyl)sulfonyl]pentofuranosyl}-9h-purin-6-amine 55197-13-2 C17H19N5O6S
    9-{5-o-[(4-Methylphenyl)sulfonyl]pentofuranosyl}-9h-purin-6-amine
    —— 1-[3,4-Dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl]-5-iodo-pyrimidine-2,4-dione 1024-99-3 C9H11IN2O6
    1-[3,4-Dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl]-5-iodo-pyrimidine-2,4-dione
    —— 9H-Purine,8-diamino-9-beta-D-ribofuranosyl- 3868-33-5 C10H14N6O4
    9H-Purine,8-diamino-9-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-
    —— 5'-Deoxy-5'-aminoadenosine 14365-44-7 C10H14N6O3
    5'-Deoxy-5'-aminoadenosine
    —— 5-Chloro-1-[3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]pyrimidine-2,4-dione 2880-89-9 C9H11ClN2O6
    5-Chloro-1-[3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]pyrimidine-2,4-dione
    —— N4-Benzoyl-2-O-methylcytidine 52571-45-6 C17H19N3O6
    N4-Benzoyl-2-O-methylcytidine
    —— Β-D-Ribofuranosyl)-9-benzylamino-6-purin 4294-16-0 C17H19N5O4
    Β-D-Ribofuranosyl)-9-benzylamino-6-purin
    —— 3'-epi-5-Chloro-2'-deoxyuridine 50-90-8 C9H11ClN2O5
    3'-epi-5-Chloro-2'-deoxyuridine
    —— 4-amino-1-[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-3-fluoro-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]pyrimidin-2-one 10212-20-1 C9H12FN3O4
    4-amino-1-[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-3-fluoro-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]pyrimidin-2-one
    —— 2'-Azido-2'-deoxyuridine-5'-triphosphate 26929-65-7 C9H11N5O5
    2'-Azido-2'-deoxyuridine-5'-triphosphate
    —— 6-chloropurine riboside 2004-06-0 C10H11ClN4O4
    6-chloropurine riboside
    —— (3S,4R,5S)-2-(6-chloropurin-9-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol 2004-06-0 C10H11ClN4O4
    (3S,4R,5S)-2-(6-chloropurin-9-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol
    —— 5'-Desoxy-cytidylsaeure 1032-65-1 C9H14N3O7P
    5'-Desoxy-cytidylsaeure
    —— N-[9-[5-[[bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-phenylmethoxy]methyl]-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]purin-6-yl]benzamide 81246-82-4 C38H35N5O7
    N-[9-[5-[[bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-phenylmethoxy]methyl]-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]purin-6-yl]benzamide
    —— 2’-C-methyladenosine 15397-12-3 C11H15N5O4
    2’-C-methyladenosine
    —— myricetin 3-O-α-L-arabinopyranoside 132679-85-7 C20H18O12
    myricetin 3-O-α-L-arabinopyranoside
    —— 5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-4-fluoro-2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-ol 64183-27-3 C10H12FN5O3
    5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-4-fluoro-2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-ol
    —— Adenosine sodio-2',3'-phosphate hydrate 37063-35-7 C10H13N5NaO6P
    Adenosine sodio-2',3'-phosphate hydrate
    —— N-Benzoyl-5'-O-(p,p'-dimethoxytrityl)-2'-deoxycytidine 128435-26-7 C37H35N3O7
    N-Benzoyl-5'-O-(p,p'-dimethoxytrityl)-2'-deoxycytidine