核苷类药物
许多嘌呤和嘧啶的核苷类似物在组织培养和动物体内具有显著的抗病毒作用，是一类有希望的抗病毒化合物。其中一些对病毒具有选择性的抑制效果，并且毒性较低，在动物体内的有效化合物已发展成为核苷类抗病毒药物，并已在临床中得到应用并商业化。目前被广泛认可的包括碘苷、三氟胸苷、环胞苷、阿糖腺苷和无环鸟苷等。
在临床上，一些化合物显示出一定的治疗效果并在某些国家有商品化的产品，如三氮唑核苷、阿糖腺苷单磷酸和溴乙烯尿苷等。此外，还有一些正在接受临床试验以观察其疗效的核苷类药物，例如氟碘阿糖胞苷。不断有新的抗病毒核苷类似物被报道，并处于研究开发阶段。
核苷类似物是一种核酸抗代谢物，其结构与正常的核酸前体相似。它们通过竞争性地抑制核酸合成酶系统或取代正常核酸前体来发挥作用，从而阻断病毒或细胞的核酸合成。这些化合物对病毒核酸具有选择性的抑制作用，而对宿主细胞核酸的影响较小。
下级分类
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6-巯基鸟嘌呤核苷 | 6-thioguanosine | 85-31-4 | C10H13N5O4S |
|
| 6-巯基嘌呤-2-脱氧核苷 | 6-mercaptopurine-2’-deoxyribose | 2239-64-7 | C10H12N4O3S |
|
| 6-巯基嘌呤(一水合物) | 6-mercaptopurine monohydrate | 6112-76-1 | C5H4N4S*H2O |
|
| 6-二甲基氨基嘌呤 | 6-Dimethylaminopurine | 938-55-6 | C7H9N5 |
|
| 6-(甲基氨基)-2(1h)-嘧啶酮 | N-methylcytosine | 6220-47-9 | C5H7N3O |
|
| 5－甲酸乙酯四氮唑 | 1H-tetrazole-5-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 55408-10-1 | C4H6N4O2 |
|
| 5’-脱氧-5-氟胞嘧啶核苷 | 5'-deoxy-5-fluorocytidine | 66335-38-4 | C9H12FN3O4 |
|
| 5’-脱氧-2’,3’-O-异亚丙基-5-氟-D-胞啶 | 5'-deoxy-2',3'-O-isopropylidene-5-fluorocytidine | 66335-37-3 | C12H16FN3O4 |
|
| 5’-O-[双(4-甲氧基苯基)苯基甲基]-2’-脱氧肌苷 | 5'-O-(4,4'-dimethoxytrityl)-2'-deoxyinosine | 93778-57-5 | C31H30N4O6 |
|
| 5’-O-[双(4-甲氧基苯基)(苯基)甲基]-2’-脱氧-2’-氟尿苷 | 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-5'-O-(4,4'-dimethoxytrityl)uridine | 146954-74-7 | C30H29FN2O7 |
|
| 5’-O-(4,4’-二甲氧基三苯甲基)尿苷 | 5'-dimethoxytrityluridine | 81246-79-9 | C30H30N2O8 |
|
| 5’-O-(4,4’-二甲氧基三苯甲基)-N4-乙酰基-2’-脱氧胞苷 | N<sup>4</sup>-acetyl-5'-O-(4,4'-dimethoxytrityl)cytidine | 121058-82-0 | C32H33N3O8 |
|
| 5’-O-(4,4’-二甲氧基三苯基)-N4-苯甲酰基-2’-脱氧胞苷-3’-(2-氰乙基-N,N-二异丙基)亚磷酰胺 | N4-benzoyl-5'-O-(4,4'-dimethoxytrityl)-2'-deoxycytidine-3-O-[O-(2-cyanoethyl)-N,N-(diisopropyl)]phosphoramidite | 102212-98-6 | C46H52N5O8P |
|
| 5-羟甲基脱氧尿苷 | 2'-deoxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)uridine | 5116-24-5 | C10H14N2O6 |
|
| 5-羟基尿嘧啶 | 2,4,5-trihydroxypyrimidine | 20636-41-3 | C4H4N2O3 |
|
| 5-碘胞苷 | 4-amino-1-((2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl) tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-5-iodopyrimidine-2(1H)-one | 1147-23-5 | C9H12IN3O5 |
|
| 5-碘胞核嘧啶 | 5-iodocytosine | 1122-44-7 | C4H4IN3O |
|
| 5-碘尿苷 | 5-iodouridine | 1024-99-3 | C9H11IN2O6 |
|
| 5-碘代杀结核菌素 | 5-iodotubercidin | 24386-93-4 | C11H13IN4O4 |
|
| 5-碘-5-脱氧环磷腺苷 | 5'-iodo-5'-deoxyadenosine | 4099-81-4 | C10H12IN5O3 |
|
| 5-碘-2′,3′-二脱氧尿苷 | 5-Iodo-2',3'-dideoxyuridine | 105784-83-6 | C9H11IN2O4 |
|
| 5-碘-2'-脱氧胞苷 | 5-Iodo-2'-deoxycytidine | 611-53-0 | C9H12IN3O4 |
|
| 5-碘-1,3-的甲基尿嘧啶 | 5-iodo-1,3-dimethyluracil | 40738-83-8 | C6H7IN2O2 |
|
| 5-硝基尿嘧啶 | 5-nitrobarbituric acid | 611-08-5 | C4H3N3O4 |
|
| 5-甲酰基尿嘧啶 | 2,4-dioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carbaldehyde | 1195-08-0 | C5H4N2O3 |
|
| 5-甲基胞苷 | 5-methylcytidine | 2140-61-6 | C10H15N3O5 |
|
| 5-甲基胞嘧啶盐酸盐 | 5-methylcytosine hydrochloride | 58366-64-6 | C5H7N3O*ClH |
|
| 5-甲基胞嘧啶 | 5-methylcytosin | 554-01-8 | C5H7N3O |
|
| 5-甲基尿甙 | 5-Methyluridine | 1463-10-1 | C10H14N2O6 |
|
| 5-甲基-2'-脱氧胞苷 | 5-methyldeoxycytidine | 838-07-3 | C10H15N3O4 |
|
| 5-甲基-2'-氧甲基胞苷 | 5,2’-O-dimethylcytidine | 113886-70-7 | C11H17N3O5 |
|
| 5-溴尿苷 | 5-bromouridine | 957-75-5 | C9H11BrN2O6 |
|
| 5-溴-2'-脱氧胞苷 | 5-bromo-2'-deoxycytidine | 1022-79-3 | C9H12BrN3O4 |
|
| 5-氯尿嘧啶核苷 | 5-chlorouridine | 2880-89-9 | C9H11ClN2O6 |
|
| 5-氯尿嘧啶 | 5-chlorouracil | 1820-81-1 | C4H3ClN2O2 |
|
| 5-氯-2-脱氧尿嘧啶核苷 | 5-chloro-2'-deoxyuridine | 50-90-8 | C9H11ClN2O5 |
|
| 5-氮杂胞苷 | 5-azacytidine | 320-67-2 | C8H12N4O5 |
|
| 5-氨基腺苷酸 | 5'-amino-5'-deoxyadenosine | 14365-44-7 | C10H14N6O3 |
|
| 5-氨基咪唑-4-甲酰胺-1-β-D-呋喃核糖苷5-磷酸盐 | 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide | 3031-94-5 | C9H15N4O8P |
|
| 5-氟脲嘧啶 | 5-fluorouracil | 51-21-8 | C4H3FN2O2 |
|
| 5-氟胞嘧啶核苷 | 5-fluorocytidine | 2341-22-2 | C9H12FN3O5 |
|
| 5-氟尿苷 | 5-Fluorouracil arabinoside | 18814-21-6 | C9H11FN2O6 |
|
| 5-氟尿嘧啶核苷 | 5-fluorouridine | 316-46-1 | C9H11FN2O6 |
|
| 5-尿嘧啶甲酸乙酯 | 5-carbethoxyuracil | 28485-17-8 | C7H8N2O4 |
|
| 5-亚硝基-2,4,6-三氨基嘧啶 | 5-nitroso-2,4,6-triaminopyrimidine | 1006-23-1 | C4H6N6O |
|
| 5-乙基尿嘧啶 | 5-ethyluracil | 4212-49-1 | C6H8N2O2 |
|
| 5-乙基-2-硫脲嘧啶 | 5-ethyl-2-thiouracil | 34171-37-4 | C6H8N2OS |
|
| 5-O-(二甲氧基三苯甲游基)-5-碘-2-脱氧尿苷 | 2'-deoxy-5'-O-(4,4'-dimethoxytrityl)-5-iodouridine | 104375-88-4 | C30H29IN2O7 |
|
| 5-N-乙基酰胺基腺苷 | 5'-N-Ethylcarboxamidoadenosine | 35920-39-9 | C12H16N6O4 |
|
| 5-N-丙基尿嘧啶 | 5-propyluracil | 19030-75-2 | C7H10N2O2 |
|
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